Week2

Normal Distribution
Dr. Ahmed K. Khalifa
 ilos
Identify the concept of the normal distribution
Difference with other distributions
How to use normal distribution curve
Z score
Application in real life for using normal distribution
 2
P(female)= 4
1
P(x)= 1000 = 0.001

1
P(weight 60.76)= = 0.0000010
1000000
 Binomial VS normal

𝑿 0 1 2 3
𝑃(𝑋) 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/3
a b

Discrete random variable has values say 0,1,2,3

In continuous random variable has values say 0<X<3
 Normal Distribution
Can be found practically every where:
• In engineering and industrial processes.
• In social and human sciences.
• In nature.
Many data sets follow approximately the normal
distribution
 Examples for datasets that follow normal
distribution
• The body temperature for healthy humans.
• The heights and weights.
• The thickness and dimensions of a products.
Should data follow normal distribution to be useful
?
 Normal Distribution
• The commonest and the most useful continuous
distribution.
• Takes the bell shape.
• Can entirely be described by its mean and standard
deviation.
 Characteristics of Normal Curve:
1. A normal distribution curve is bell-shaped.
2. The mean, median, and mode are equal and are located at the
center of the distribution.
3. A normal distribution curve is unimodal (i.e., it has only one
mode).
4. The curve is symmetric about the mean, which is equivalent to
saying that its shape is the same on both sides of a vertical line
passing through the center.
5. The curve is continuous; that is, there are no gaps or holes.
6. The curve never touches the x axis. Theoretically, no matter
how far in either direction the curve extends, it never meets
the x axis—but it gets increasingly closer.
 Characteristics of Normal Curve:
7. The total area under a normal distribution curve is equal to
1.00, or 100%. i.e P(-<x<)=1
8. The area under the part of a normal curve that lies within 1
standard deviation of the mean is approximately 0.68, or
68%; within 2 standard deviations, about 0.95, or 95%; and
within 3 standard deviations, about 0.997, or 99.7%.
If we draw normal distribution curve with standard parameter as  = 0
an SD = 1, what is the form and the characteristics of the curve?
Example
Income mean =100
SD =10

N=100
 The Standard Normal Distribution

a b
Z score
Example 1:

𝑃 𝑍 < 2.06 = 0.9803

See the table

next slide
Example 2:
𝑃 𝑍 ≻ −1.19
= 1 − 𝑃 𝑍 < −1.19
= 1 − 0.1170

See the table

next slide
Example 3:

𝑃 −1.37 < 𝑍 < 1.68 =

= 𝑃 𝑍 < 1.68 − 𝑃 𝑍 < −1.37
= 0.9535 − 0.0853 = 0.8682
 In tutorial you will learn,
How to use z table
How to search in z table in reverse
How to use standard normal distribution table in real life
application

please, attend tutorial

Example 4:

Here z is unknown
𝑃 𝑍 < 𝑧 = 0.5 + 𝑃 0 < 𝑍 < 𝑧
= 0.5 + 0.2123 = 0.7123

𝑃 𝑍 < 𝑧 = 0.7123
Since this number (0.7123) is greater
than 0.5 then we search in table of
positive Z values

See the table

next slide
Then z=0.56
Shapes of Normal Curve: