Gate 2010 ECE Descriptive Solution

Manifold Institute of Technical Education,
Opp: Ramdas Theatre,M.G Road Thrisur.

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Descriptive solution for GATE 2010 ECE
1.C
For a matrix to be skew symmetric,

= −
Let A = [ ] be a given skew symmetric matrix. Then by definition = − for all
values of i and j. In particular, = − for a skew symmetric matrix. Therefore we have
+ =0 => =0 for every i.
Thus every element on the main diagonal of a skew symmetric matrix is always zero.
0
Eg: Let A = − 0 −
− 0
−
[ −λI] = − − −
− −
= -λ( + ) − ( − ) + ( − − )
=− − − + − −
=− − ( + + )
І A – λI І= 0
+ ( + + )= 0
( + + + )= 0
 λ = 0,
 = −( + + )
 λ =± j√ + +
Hence the eigen values of a skew symmetric matrix are either zero or purely imaginary.
2.C
The given signal is even since (− ) = ( ). So the Trigonometric Fourier series contains
only d.c. term and cosine terms. Here d.c. term is the average value.
d.c. term = = −
Hence the d.c term is negative. So fourier series contains a negative d.c. term and cosine
terms only.
3.D
( ( ) ( )
Given : − =0
This can be written as − =0
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 =±
Therefore Solution is
n(x)= +
Given Boundary Condition:
1. n(0) = K
 K= +
2. n(∞) = 0
 =0
 K=
∴ ( )=
4.C
I1 A 0.5Ω B I2
1 • • 2
V1 0.5Ω 0.5Ω V2
1’ 2’
Applying KCL to node A
1 1− 2
1= +
0.5 0.5
1 1 2
= 1 + −
0.5 0.5 0.5
= 1(2 + 2) − 2 2
1 = 4 1−2 2 ----------(a)
Applying KCL to node B
2 2− 1
2= +
0.5 0.5
1 1 1
= − 1+ 2 +
0.5 0.5 0.5

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= −2 1 + 2(2 + 2)
2 = −2 1 + 4 ---------(b)
Network function is given by
1 = 11 1 + 12 ----------(1)
2 = 21 1 + 22 2 ------------(2)
Comparing (a) with (1) & (b) with (2)
Y11 = 4 S
Y12 = Y21 =-2 S
Y22 = 4 S
Thus the short circuit admittance matrix is given as
4 −2
−2 4
5.D
The graph shows the relation between the impedance and frequency of a parallel RLC circuit
Parallel RLC
For f < , >
f> , >
At f= , = =

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
Band width, B = 1/RC
So as R increases, B decreases. Also B is independent of L.
At resonance input impedance is a real quantity and attains its maximum value (Refer the
graph shown)
So option D is not correct for parallel RLC.
6. B = 1350 /( − )
7. B
For oxide thickness less than 100nm (thin oxide layer) we use dry oxidation.
8.B.
Collector current of Q1 = (10-0.7)/9.3 = 1mA,Since the base connections are same and
emitter area of Q2 is double Q2 carries collector current of 2 mA.
9.A.
Without Emitter capacitor input impedance is multiplied by β+1, and due to the negative
feedback voltage gain decreases.
10.A
Circuit can be redrawn as ,
11.D
The Boolean expression for the given logic gates can be written as follows
= + = ̅
= = ̅+
= ⊕ = ̅ +
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=⊙ = + ̅
1= ⊕= + ̅ = ⊙
2= ̅+
3= ⊙ = ̅ + = ⊕
4= ̅
Comparing all the 8 equations we can see that
P = 4, Q = 2, R = 3, S = 1
12.D
For an n-input XNOR gate,
a) If n is ODD, then for even number of 1’s present at the input, the output is 1
b) If n is ODD, then for odd number of 1’s present at the input, the output is 0
For 2 input XOR gate, output is 1 if the two inputs are different
For 2 input XNOR gate, output is 1 if the two inputs are same
The condition mentioned in the question is satisfied only by the input combination, A=0, B =0
& C =1
13. B
The input to the device is fed in the address range A15 – A0. This is given to a 3 to 8 decoder
whose output is at Y5. For Y5 o be active, the input to ABC should be 101.
For 2 to be active, the output of NAND gate should be low. So the required address range
is
A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
Min: 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Max: 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
So the range is: 2D00 – 2DFF
14.A
Given, X (z) = 5z² + 4z⁻¹ +3 .Also given that ROC is the entire Z- plane with the exception at z=0
& z=∞
Generally we know,
( )= [ ]
Comparing the given X (z) with the general expression we get

x[n] at n = -2 is 5 δ[n]
x[n] at n = 1 is 4 δ[n]
x[n] at n=0 is 3 δ[n]
Combining these results we get the x[n] as follows:
x[n] = 5 δ[n+2] + 3 δ[n] + 4 δ[n-1]

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15.C
The overall impulse response of a cascaded system is the convolution of individual impulse
response. In the question it is given two discrete time systems are cascaded. And it is also
given that the impulse response of first system is h1 [n] = δ[n-1] and that of second system is
h2[n] = δ[n-2].
Thus the net impulse response is h[n] = h1 [n] * h2[n]
h[n] = δ [n-1] * δ [n-2]
= δ [n-3]
16. D.
Each butterfly involves one complex multiplication and two complex additions. The same 2N
storage locations are used throughout the computation of N – point DFT, in place
computations.
17.B
Feed back signal is zero here, so its an open loop system with transfer function 1/(s+1).
18.B
( )
=
( ) +
( ) = cos(2 − /3) ℎ ( )= (2 − /2)
( )=
+
∠ ( )= (∞) −
= 90 −
( )= ( ) ( )
Here ω=2
ІH(jω)І =2/√ (4+p²)
∠H(jω) = 90 - tan⁻¹(2/p)
So, ( )= 2 / 4+ cos (2 − ( )

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From given y(t),
=1
2 = 4+
4 = 4+
3 =4
4
=
3
2
=
√3
19. A
General Transfer function is =
Here the initial section of the plot shows a Zero of the Transfer function, since the magnitude
of the plot is increasing and at indicates a pole since the magnitude remains constant at 40
dB.
From fig: = 0.1 (has a Zero at this point).
= 10 (has a Pole at this point).
So = = .
= 10
= = = 0.1
Transfer function is = .
20. C
General form of AM signal is
( )= [1+ ( )] cos 2
( )= cos 2
=
So ( ) = cos 2 + ( ) cos 2
For signal without over modulation, value of µ ≤ 1. Here = 2.
∴µ=2

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From given options, A & D are not AM signals.

Considering option B µ = 2 (over modulation)
Considering C , µ = = ( which is the required condition)
21. B
Average power of angle modulated signal = .
General form of Angle modulated signal

( )= cos(2 + ∫ ( ) )
Given ( ) = 6 cos( 2 ∗ 10 + 2 sin(8000 ) + 4 cos(8000 ))
Here =6
Average power = = = = 18
23. D
Given = 50 . = 0.1 .
 G=
.
 = = 0.00004
For distortion less line
= √
= √0.1 ∗ 0.00004 = √4 ∗ 10 = 2 ∗ 10 = 0.002 / .
24. C
The impulse response of a matched filter is the mirror image of the given signal shifted
by its time period.
s(t) s(-t)
1 1
0 T -T 0
h(t)

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0 T
Where h(t) = s ( - t – T)
25. C
Given data: - =1
E = 1 V/m; ∈ =4
Power = [ ]
= ∩
where H=
= = ∈ ∈
√∈ = 120π
120 120
∴ = = = 60 .
√∈ 2
Power = ×
26. A
Given =
Taking log on both sides.
y ln e = ln
( ) ( )
y= = ( )
= = −
= −
=0
 − =0
 1 − ln =0
 ln x = 1

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 x=
2 1 2
= − − +
=− + 2
At x=e
3
= − + 2 ln = 1
=− +
1
= − = −0.049
Since is –ve function has a maximum value at x = e.
27. D
Sample space = { (HHHH), (HHHT), (HHTH), (HTHH), (THHH), (HHTT), (HTTH), (HTHT),
(TTHH), (THTH), (THHT), (HTTT), (THTT), (TTHT), (TTHT), (TTTH), (TTTT)}
Required condition: Number of times head shows up is more than number of times tails
Shows up .
So required space = { (HHHH),(HHHT),(HHTH), (HTHH), (THHH)}
So the probability of given event = .
28. C y
3 D E
1 A B
0 x
√ √
⃗= +
From A to B

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∮ ⃗ . ⃗ = ∫√ + ( )
√
= ∫√ ℎ =1
√
=∫√
√
= [ ]√
√
= − = = ...................[1]
From B to E
∮ ⃗. ⃗ = ∫ + ( )
=∫ here =
√
= ∫
= [ ] = 2= ..........................[2]
From E to D
∮ ⃗ . ⃗ = ∫√ + ( )
√
= ∫√ ℎ =3
√
=3 ∫√
√
= 3 [ ]√
√
= − =− =− ..............................[3]
From D to A
∮ ⃗. ⃗ =∫ + ( )
=∫ here =
√
= ∫

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
= [ ] = −2= ..........................[4]
Overall integral is
∮ ⃗ . ⃗ = [1] +[2] +[3] +[4]

= + − − = − + = −1 + 2 = 1
29. C
( )=
( )( )
Residue at z = a is given by lim → ( − ) ( )

Residues are at = 0, = 1, = 2
( )
Residue at z=0 is lim → ( )( )
( )
= lim → ( )( )
= =
( )( )
Residue at z=1 is lim → ( )( )
( )
= lim → ( )
= ( )
=− =1
( )( )
Residue at z = 2 is lim → ( )( )
( )
= lim → ( )
= ( )
= −
30. A
Given = +
( , )= +
(0) = 0 , ℎ = 0.1
= (0) + ℎ ( , )
= 0 + 0.1(0 + 0) = 0
= + ℎ ( , )
= 0 + 0.1(0.15 + 0)
= 0.015

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Y(0.3) = 0.015
31. D
( )=
( )
Given lim → ( )=1

Lim → ( ) = lim → ( )
3 +1
lim ( ) = lim =1
→ → + 4 + ( − 3)
1
=1
−3
1= −3
=4
32. A
Initially switch is open (t<0), inductor attains a steady state value. The circuit can be redrawn
as
The resistors are of equal value, so the current divides equally.

1.5
( )= = 0.75
2
At t =0 switch is closed. At steady state the circuit appears as parallel combination of three
10Ω resistors along with the current source.
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.
Here also all the resistors are of equal value. So current divides equally , i(t) = = 0.5
The time constant of the circuit is determined by transforming the current source to a
voltage source.The circuit can be redrawn as,
Time constant of the circuit,τ = = [( ‖ ) ]

= =1
i(t) =If-(Ii + If)
= 0.5 − (0.75 + 0.5)
= 0.5 − 0.125
33.At the given frequency both inductor and capacitor have an impedance of j20 and –j20 Ω s
respectively. So the voltage across the parallel branch can be evaluated as,
VR= V × Z / [Z+j20], Here Z is the impedance of the parallel combination R&C
Z = [-j20/(1-j20)]
So , VR = V × [-j20/(1-j20)] / {[-j20/(1-j20)]+j20]}
VR = V × [-j20] /[400] = - jV / 20
Substitute the value of V = 20( given)
So, IR= - j20 / 20 = -j A
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34.A
Let I1, I2&I3 are the mesh currents, writing mesh equations we have,
10 = 2 I1 +2 I2 ....(1)
I1 – I2 = 1 .. (2)
From (1) & (2) we get I1 = 3 A & I2 = 2 A
So its clear that I3 = 0 A ( see the fig below), Hence the power supplied is 0 watts.
35. B
For the required condition , the transistor should have High doping at the emitter side(NE >>
NB) and very less base area compared to collector(NB > NC)
36.C
The doping concentration in the second p-n junction is higher than that of first.As doping
increases, The field intensity in the semiconductor also increases, leads to zener
37. D
CLOCK DA DB DC QA QB QC OUTPUT
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
3 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
4 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
5 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
6 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
7 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
38.B
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After thevenizing the circuit,
Here RTH= 4/5 R and VTH = (4 + 4/5 VI)

For VI ranging from -5 to ∞ the out pot of the opamp is at negative value, diode D2 ON &D1
OFF, so the out put voltage is zero (no current flows through R).
For VI ranging from −∞ to -5 the out pot of the opamp is at positive value, diode D1ON &D2
OFF, so the out put voltage is given by,
-R/RTH × [VTH] = - R/RTH × [4+4/5 VI] = [5/4] × [4+4/5 VI] = -[ 5 + VI ]
39. D
Output function = + + ̅ + ̅
Here = =
So we can replace above equation by
= ̅ + ̅ + ̅+ ̅
A B C D F
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
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0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1
A B C D F
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
F(A,B,C,D) = ∑ ( 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12)
40. C
3000 MVI A, 45H ; A = 45H
3002 MOV A, B ; B = 45H
3003 STC ; Set carry i.e. cy = 1
3004 CMC ; Complement carry i.e. cy =0
3005 RAR ; Rotate right through carry
; → → → → → → → →
3006 XRA B ; XOR A with B

Before execution of RAR content of A is
cy
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
After execution of RAR instruction content of A is

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
cy
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Now its Hexadecimal equivalent is 22H.
After XOR operation of 22H with 45H
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 XOR 0 =0, 1 XOR 1 =0, 0 XOR 1 = 1 XOR 0 = 0.
The result is
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
The content of A is 67H.
41. B.
( ) ( ) ( )
+ 4 +3 ( ) = 2 + 4 ( ) … … … [1]
Given ( )= ( ) … … … … … . [2]
Taking Laplace transform of [2]
( )=
Taking Laplace transform of [1]

( )+ 4 ( )+ 3 ( )= 2 ( )+ 4 ( ) (Here Zero initial conditions)
( + 4 + 3) ( ) = (2 + 4) ( )
( ) ( )
( )=
( )
( )
=( )( )
(Substituting X(s)) ( + 4 + 3 = ( + 3)( +1))
Applying partial fraction method
( )( )
= +
Taking L.C.M, we get

2 = A (s +1) + B( s + 3) ...............[a]
Put s = -1, in [a]
2 = 2B => B = 1.

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
Put s = -3 in [a]
2 = -2 A => A = -1
∴ ( ) = −( )
+
Taking Inverse Laplace transform

( )= − ( )+ ( ) =( − ) ( )
42. C
( )=
Multiplying by 8 on both numerator and denominator above equation becomes
H(z) = ( −6 +8=( − 2)( − 4))
=( )( )
Taking partial fraction
( )( )
=( )
+( )
Taking L.C.M
16 − 6 = ( − 4) + ( − 2)
Put =4
16 – (6*4) = B (4 – 2)
B = − = −4
Put =2
16 – (6*2) = A (2 -4)
A= = −2
∴ ( )= − −(
( ) )
=− −
= +
So R.O.C of first fraction is R.O.C of second fraction is
| |< 1 | |< 1

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
| |
<1 | |
<1
<| | <| |
|z| > |z| >
So the R.O.C of the entire function lies in the region | | > . The H(z) is stable for this region
only which implies is wrong. R.O.C doesn’t exists in the region < | | < .
Hence option C is correct.

43. C
( )=
= {cos(500 + 700 ) − cos(500 − 700 ) }
{cos (A +B) – cos(A –B) = cosAcosB - sinAsinB –cosAcosB + sinAsinB

= 2 sinAsinB}
( )= [cos 1200 − cos 200 ]
Nyquist sampling frequency is chosen for the highest frequency component present in the
signal. Here highest frequency component is due to that of 1200π. Its frequency is obtained as
shown below. General form is cosωt.
=2 . Here ω = 1200π.
∴2 = 1200
 f = 600 Hz.
So Nyquist sampling frequency = 2f = 2*600 = 1200 Hz.
44.D.
Only option ‘D’ will change the type, and a type 1(or more) system will gives zero steady
state error for a unit step input.
45. D

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
X(t) + Y(t)
+
+
Delay = 0.5ms
( ) = | ( )| ( )
Y(t) = [( ( ) + ( − 0.5 ∗ 10 )]
. ∗ ( )
( )= ( )+ ( ) { . = ( )}
{ . ( − )= ( )}
( ) . ∗
= (1+ )
( )
( ) . ∗
( )= = 1+
( )
= (1+ (0.5 ∗ 10 ) + sin(0.5 ∗ 10 ) )
| ( )| = √((1 + 0.5 ∗ 10 ) + (sin 0.5 ∗ 10 ) )

= 1+ 0.5 ∗ 10 +2 0.5 ∗ 10 + 0.5 ∗ 10
= √2 + 2 0.5 ∗ 10 .
| ( )| =2 [ 2 + 2 cos 0.5 ∗ 10 ∗ 2 ]
=2 [2 + 2 cos ∗ 10 ]
At f = 1KHz
| ( )| = 2 10 [ 2 + 2 cos ] = 2 10 [ 2 − 2] = 0.
( ) = | ( )| ( ) = 0.
So for f = 1 KHz, 3KHz, 5KHz.........etc the value of ( ) = 0.
So ( ) = 0 for f = (2n + 1) where = 1 and n is any integer
48. B.
Given =1 , = 259 , = 93
Input Resistance seen by source = + // .
= 1000 +
= 1000 + 258 = 1258Ω

49. B
Given = 250Ω, = 1KΩ, =4.7μF

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
The lower cut off frequency due to , = ( )
=1/[2 (250 + 1000)4.7 ]

= 1/0.369 Hz
= 27.1 Hz
50. B 2 1/s 1/s 1 0.5
U(s) • • • • • •Y(s)
̇ ̇
-1
-1
From figure it is clear that
̇ = 2U(s) –
̇ = –
Y(s) = 0.5( ̇ + )
= 0.5( – + )
Y(s) = 0.5
General state variable representation is
̇
= +
̇
i.e., ̇ = +
where =
General state variable representation of output is
= [ℎ ]
i.e., Y = CX
From the signal flow graph we get

̇ −1 1 0
= +
̇ −1 0 2
̇ = −1 1 +
0
−1 0 2

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
= [0 0.5]
= [0 0.5]
On comparing with the general state variable representation it is clear that
−1 1
=
−1 0
0
= &
2
= [0 0.5]
51. C
The general form of transfer function in state variable representation is given by
( )
( )
= [ − ]
[ + 1 −1
− ] =
1
| − | = ( + 1) + 1
= + +1
1 1
[ − ] =
+ + 1 −1 +1
1 1
[ − ] = [0 0.5]
+ + 1 −1 +1
= [−0.5 0.5( + 1) ]
1
[ − ] = [−0.5 0.5( + 1)] 0
+ +1 2
1
= [2 × 0.5 × ( + 1)]
+ +1
+1
=
+ +1
Hence the transfer function is
62.It is a base 8 arithmetic.

So,
2+1 = 3
7+3 = 10, 10-8 = 2 and a carry of 1
6+7+1(carry) = 14, 14 – 8 = 6 and a carry of 1

Ph. 0487 3243929,09846894455
So it comes as, 1623

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Manifold Institute of Technical Education,

Opp: Ramdas Theatre,M.G Road Thrisur.

Descriptive solution for GATE 2010 ECE

For a matrix to be skew symmetric,

This can be written as − =0

Manifoldkerala.org Dedicate your logic for your dreams gatetutor.com

Applying KCL to node A

Applying KCL to node B

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Network function is given by

Comparing (a) with (1) & (b) with (2)

Y12 = Y21 =-2 S

Thus the short circuit admittance matrix is given as

For f < , >

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Band width, B = 1/RC

So as R increases, B decreases. Also B is independent of L.

So option D is not correct for parallel RLC.

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

So the range is: 2D00 – 2DFF

Comparing the given X (z) with the general expression we get

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Thus the net impulse response is h[n] = h1 [n] * h2[n]

h[n] = δ [n-1] * δ [n-2]

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From given y(t),

General Transfer function is =

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From given options, A & D are not AM signals.

Considering C , µ = = ( which is the required condition)

Average power of angle modulated signal = .

General form of Angle modulated signal

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Since is –ve function has a maximum value at x = e.

So the probability of given event = .

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∮ ⃗ . ⃗ = [1] +[2] +[3] +[4]

Residue at z = a is given by lim → ( − ) ( )

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Given lim → ( )=1

The resistors are of equal value, so the current divides equally.

Time constant of the circuit,τ = = [( ‖ ) ]

i(t) =If-(Ii + If)

= 0.5 − (0.75 + 0.5)

After thevenizing the circuit,

Here RTH= 4/5 R and VTH = (4 + 4/5 VI)

3006 XRA B ; XOR A with B

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Taking Laplace transform of [1]

Applying partial fraction method

Taking L.C.M, we get

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Taking Inverse Laplace transform

Multiplying by 8 on both numerator and denominator above equation becomes

H(z) = ( −6 +8=( − 2)( − 4))

Taking partial fraction

So R.O.C of first fraction is R.O.C of second fraction is

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|z| > |z| >

Hence option C is correct.

= {cos(500 + 700 ) − cos(500 − 700 ) }