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猴頭菌固態發酵產物之萃取物對斑馬魚胚胎腦細胞保護及修復之效果
顏 威 揚 孫 舜 國 陳 淑 德 *
國立宜蘭大學 食品科學系
(接受刊載日期:中華民國一○五年八月十五日)
猴頭菇是一種眾所周知的食用和藥用真菌。它的子實體和菌絲體含有豐富的活性成分,包括多醣、萜類
化合物、猴頭素及猴頭酮等,具有免疫調節、抗腫瘤、抗氧化、抗菌、神經保護及增強記憶力等功效。故本
研究之目的為測試猴頭菌固態發酵大豆薏仁產物之水萃取物與乙醇萃取物是否對1%乙醇損傷的斑馬魚胚胎腦
神經細胞具有保護及修復作用。結果顯示,猴頭菌固態發酵大豆薏仁產物之水萃取物中含有65.18%粗多醣,
且其乙醇萃取物中含有10.85%粗三萜,分別為猴頭菇子實體的6.87倍和3.97倍。將斑馬魚胚胎先浸泡不同濃度
(50、100及200 ppm) 猴頭菌固態發酵產物之水及乙醇萃取物24 h,再浸泡於1%乙醇24 h後,則其可減少因1%乙
醇損傷所造成腦細胞死亡數量,且呈現劑量依賴性,以200 ppm效果最佳,已達控制組的水平。此外,猴頭菌
固態發酵產物的200 ppm之水萃取物及乙醇萃取物皆能顯著修復先浸泡1%乙醇4 h所造成斑馬魚胚胎腦細胞之
損傷,且它們的效果顯著比猴頭菇子實體萃取物佳。
關鍵字:猴頭菌,固態發酵,斑馬魚,細胞保護,細胞修護。
Hericium erinaceus is a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom. Its fruiting bodies and mycelia
exhibit various bioactive components including polysaccharides, terpenoids, erinacines, and hericenones.
It also have various pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulation, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-
microbe, neuroprotection and enhancing memory functions. The objective of this study was to investigate
protection and repair functions of brain cells in zebrafish embryos by treatment of hot water and ethanol
extracts from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented soybean and adlay mix products. The results showed
that the crude polysaccharide and crude triterpenoids contents in water and ethanol extracts from Hericium
erinaceus solid-state fermented soybeans and adlay mix product were 65.18% and 10.85%, respectively.
They were 6.87 and 3.97 folds fruiting body extracts. Zebrafish embryos pre-soaking 24 h in different
concentrations (50, 100 and 200 ppm) of water and ethanol extracts of Hericium erinaceus solid-state
fermented product significantly reduced the number of died brain cells impaired by 1% ethanol soaking 24 h
in a dose-dependent, 200 ppm extract had the best protection effect as the control. Moreover, both 200 ppm
water and ethanol extracts from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented product had significantly better
repair effects in brain cells of zebrafish embryo impaired by 1% ethanol pre-soaking 4 h; they also had better
effects than extracts from Hericium erinaceus fruiting body.
Key words: Hericium erinaceus, Solid-state fermentation, Zebrafish, Cell protection, Cell repair.
前 言 於北半球溫帶國家,其子實體與菌絲體皆具
有 許 多 生 理 活 性 成 分 (1), 如 : 多 醣 (2-4)、 萜 類
猴頭菌(Hericium erinaceus)為東亞常見的 化合物 (5)、猴頭素 (6-10)、猴頭酮 (11,12) 等,亦有
一種藥用真菌,其子實體為白色,多半分布 著 各 種 不 同 生 理 功 效 像 是 抗 氧 化 (13-16) 、 抑 制
30
a
25
b
Number of died cells
20 b
15
10 c c
0
Control 1% EtOH 50 ppm HEWE 100 ppm HEWE 200 ppm HEWE
+1% EtOH +1% EtOH +1% EtOH
圖一 不同濃度之猴頭菌固態發酵大豆薏仁混合產物水萃取物對於1%乙醇損傷斑馬魚胚胎腦細胞之保護影響
ffect of different concentration of water extracts from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented adlay and soybean
Fig. 1. E
mix products (HEWE) on the protection of brain cells of zebrafish embryo impaired by 1% ethanol.
* Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 6).
** a-c Means in the number of died cells with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
102 農化與食科 顏威揚 孫舜國 陳淑德 民國 105 年第 54 卷第 2 期
25
a
20
b
Number of died cells
b
15
10
c c
0
Control 1% EtOH 50 ppm HEEE 100 ppm HEEE 200 ppm HEEE
+1% EtOH +1% EtOH +1% EtOH
圖二 不同濃度之猴頭菌固態發酵大豆薏仁混合產物乙醇萃取物對於1%乙醇損傷斑馬魚胚胎腦細胞之保護影響
Fig. 2. E ffect of different concentration of ethanol extracts from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented adlay and
soybean mix products (HEEE) on the protection of brain cells of zebrafish embryo impaired by 1% ethanol.
* Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 6).
** a-c Means in the number of died cells with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
40
35 b y y y
b b
30
Number of died cells
25
20
15
10
ax
5
0
H
l
EE
H
H
H
ro
W
O
O
O
O
nt
pm
Et
Et
Et
Et
pm
Co
1%
0p
1%
1%
1%
0p
20
20
+
+
E
+
EE
+
W
H
H
pm
O
pm
Et
Et
0p
0p
1%
1%
20
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圖三 200 ppm未發酵大豆薏仁混合基質之水萃取物及乙醇萃取物對1%乙醇損傷斑馬魚胚胎腦細胞的之保護及修復
作用
ffect of 200 ppm water extract (WE) and ethanol extract (EE) from unfermented adlay and soybean mix medium on
Fig. 3. E
the protection and repair brain cells of zebrafish embryo impaired by 1% ethanol.
* Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 8).
** a-b Means in the number of died cells vs control with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
x-y
Means in the number of died cells vs control with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
猴頭菌固態發酵產物之萃取物對斑馬魚胚胎腦細胞保護及修復之效果 103
18
e
16 d
14
Number of died cells
12 c
10
8
b
ab
6
4 a
0
Control 1% EtOH 200 ppm HEWE 200 ppm HEEE 200 ppm FBWE 200 ppm FBEE
+ 1% EtOH + 1% EtOH + 1% EtOH + 1% EtOH
圖四 200 ppm猴頭菌固態發酵大豆薏仁混合產物及猴頭菇子實體之水萃取物及乙醇萃取物對1%乙醇損傷斑馬魚胚
胎腦細胞之保護作用
ffect of 200 ppm water and ethanol extracts from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented adlay and soybean mix
Fig. 4. E
products and fruiting body on the protection of brain cells of zebrafish embryo impaired by 1% ethanol.
* Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 8).
** a-e Means in cell died values with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
*** H EWE: water extract from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented products, HEEE: ethanol extract from
Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented products, FBWE: water extract from Hericium erinaceus fruiting body,
FBEE: ethanol extract from Hericium erinaceus fruiting body.
表一 猴頭菌固態發酵大豆薏仁混合產物及子實體之水或乙醇萃取物中粗多醣和粗三萜的含量
Table 1. Crude polysaccharide and triterpenoids contents in water or ethanol extracts from
Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented soybean and adlay mix products and fruiting body
Hericium erinaceus Solvent Crude polysaccharide in water extract (%) Crude triterpenoids in ethanol extract (%)
Water 9.78 -
Fruiting body
Ethanol - 2.73
Water 67.18 -
Fermented product
Ethanol - 10.85
104 農化與食科 顏威揚 孫舜國 陳淑德 民國 105 年第 54 卷第 2 期
25
c
20
Number of died cells
15
10 b b
a
a
5 a
0
Control 1% EtOH 1% EtOH + 1% EtOH + 1% EtOH + 1% EtOH +
200 ppm HEWE 200 ppm HEEE 200 ppm FBWE 200 ppm FBEE
圖五 200 ppm猴頭菌固態發酵大豆薏仁混合產物及猴頭菇子實體之水萃取物及乙醇萃取物對1%乙醇損傷斑馬魚胚
胎腦細胞之修復作用
ffect of 200 ppm water and ethanol extracts from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented adlay and soybean mix
Fig. 5. E
products and fruiting body on the repair of brain cells of zebrafish embryo impaired by 1% ethanol.
* Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 8).
** a-d Means in cell died values with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
*** H EWE: water extract from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented products, HEEE: ethanol extract from
Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented products, FBWE: water extract from Hericium erinaceus fruiting body,
FBEE: ethanol extract from Hericium erinaceus fruiting body.
可能因為猴頭菌固態發酵產物的萃取物之多醣 大鼠缺血性中風之神經保護效果,結果顯示
和三萜類化合物較子實體多,且修復的效果已 在猴頭菌菌絲體萃取物濃度50及300 mg/kg時,
和未經1%乙醇損傷的控制組水平。 其可有效降低腦部總梗塞體積22及44%,而猴
林 (19) 曾 分 析 猴 頭 菌 液 態 發 酵 米 漿 及 猴 頭 頭素A可有效降低急性炎症細胞因子,包含IL-
菇的熱水萃取物具有抗氧化活性,且濃度為5 1β、IL-6與腫瘤壞死因子,而其抑制發炎主要
及50 μg/mL均可促使巨噬細胞增加NO、TNF-α、 是 減 少 iNOS的 誘 導 以 及 硝 基 酪 胺 酸 的 產 生 。
IL-4及IL-10的 生 成 量 , 具 有 調 節 免 疫 之 效 Shimbo等人 (10) 以8 mg/kg之猴頭素A連續餵食三
果 。 何 (34) 所 作 之 猴 頭 菌 固 態 發 酵 3 5 天 之 小 麥 週齡之大鼠的仔鼠14天後,發現其腦中海馬迴
產物對斑馬魚胚胎保護及修復結果趨勢相同, 及藍斑核NGF含量顯著上升,而在Hazekawa等 (1)
皆較為猴頭菇子實體效果佳,而此次大豆薏仁 之 實 驗 中 也 發 現 , 若 是 腦 中 NGF含 量 增 加則可
混合基質比起單獨小麥基質發酵時間的35天可 保護腦部缺血所造成之神經損傷。
縮短至14天,且有效成分含量也較高,而此次 猴頭菌子實體及菌絲含有之猴頭素可促使
的實驗更說明200 ppm猴 頭 菌 固 態 發 酵 大 豆 薏 星狀細胞或PC12增加NGF的合成 (6,7,10),而NGF可
仁產物的熱水萃取物和乙醇萃取物皆可保護和 治療智力衰退、神經衰弱及抗阿茲海默症等疾
修護斑馬魚腦細胞的效果。 病 (26)。 何 等 人 (21) 以 猴 頭 菌 固 態 發 酵 小麥產物
Wang等人 (41) 與Zhang等人 (16) 分別測試出 之乙醇萃取物的加藥處理PC12細胞,其軸突比
中草藥穀精草及益智仁之乙醇萃取物對斑馬魚 起 控 制 組 有 明 顯 的 生 長 , 且 NGF分 泌 量 皆高於
多巴胺神經具有保護效果,其機制可能為透過 控制組。
抗發炎及抗氧化,減少IL-1b及TNF-α等發炎因 根據上述文獻得知猴頭菌發酵產物具有抗
子的表現,並降低NO及iNOS的產生達到神經保 氧 化 性 及 可 促 使 軸 突 增 長 和 NGF生 成 , 進而達
護之效果。Lee等人 (23) 探討猴頭菌菌絲體萃取 到保護及修復神經細胞的效果。而此次研究是
物及其分離出來之二萜類化合物猴頭素A對於 以大豆薏仁作為猴頭菌固態發酵混合基質,不
猴頭菌固態發酵產物之萃取物對斑馬魚胚胎腦細胞保護及修復之效果 105
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