South University - NSG 5003midterm final

exam MID TERM EXAM final

Question : What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise?

Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

Acoustic trauma and noise induced

High frequency and low frequency

High frequency and acoustic trauma

Noise induced and low frequency

Question 7. Question : A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is

called: Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

Hemolytic shock

Anaphylaxis

Necrotizing vasculitis

Systemic erythematosus

Question 8. Question : Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host

cells? Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

IL-1

IL-10

Tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α)

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)

Question 10. Question : Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of

childhood asthma?
 CD4 helper T 1 (Th1) lymphocytes

CD4 helper T 2 (Th2) lymphocytes

CD8 cytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocytes

Memory T lymphocytes

Question 12. Question : Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound healing

because of which problem? Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

The circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.

Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.

Underlying chronic illnesses exist.

The number of mast cells is insufficient.

Question 13. Question : The role of cytokines in cell reproduction is that they:

Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development.

Block the progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle.

Restrain cell growth and development.

Provide nutrients for cell growth and development.

Question 15. Question : Which characteristic is the most important determinant of

immunogenicity when considering the antigen?

Size Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

Foreignness

Complexity

Quantity
Question 16. Question : How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid

surrounding them?

Through the protein channel (gap junction)

Via the plasma membrane–bound signaling molecules (involving

receptors) Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

Through hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters

By chemical messengers such as ligands

Question 17. Question : In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a:

Basal cell

Target cell

Caretaker gene

Proto-oncogene

Question 19. Question : What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

of the newborn?

Immature immune system

Small alveoli

Surfactant deficiency

Anemia

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Question 20. Question : Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport

communication to cells some distance away?

 Paracrine

Autocrine

Neurotransmitter

Hormonal

Question 22. Question : Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic

microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages?

Complement cascade

Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

Coagulation system

Kinin system

Immune system

Question 23. Question : In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, the harmful effects after the

immune complexes are deposited in tissues are a result of:

Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells

Natural killer (NK) cells

Complement activation

Degranulation of mast cells

Question 24. Question : Which statement about exotoxins is true?

Exotoxins are contained in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria.

Exotoxins are released during the lysis of bacteria.

Exotoxins are able to initiate the complement and coagulation cascades.

Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.

Question 25. Question : Which intracardiac pressure is generated by atrial contraction?

 A wave

C wave

Y descent

X descent

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Question 28. Question : Research supports the premise that exercise has a probable impact

on reducing the risk of:

Liver cancer

Endometrial cancer

Stomach cancer

Colon cancer

Question 33. Question : Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure results in edema because

of:

Losses or diminished production of plasma albumin

Inflammation resulting from an immune response

Blockage within the lymphatic channel system

Sodium and water retention

Question 34. Question : What is an example of compensatory hyperplasia?

Hepatic cells increase cell division after part of the liver is excised.

Skeletal muscle cells atrophy as a result of paralysis.

The heart muscle enlarges as a result of hypertension.

The size of the uterus increases during pregnancy. Answers available at

https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP
Question 35. Question : Which factor contributes to the production of mucus associated

with chronic bronchitis?

Airway injury

Pulmonary infection

Increased goblet cell size

Bronchospasms

Question 36. Question : During which phase of the cell cycle is deoxyribonucleic acid

(DNA) synthesized?

G1

G2

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Question 37. Question : What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?

Hypoxic injury

Chemical injury

Infectious injury

Genetic injury

Question 38. Question : Considering the hypothalamus, a fever is produced by:

Endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus

Exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus

Immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus

 Cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus

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Question 39. Question : Which statement is true regarding hypoxemia?

Hypoxemia results in the increased oxygenation of arterial blood.

Respiratory alterations cause hypoxemia.

Hypoxemia results in the decreased oxygenation of tissue cells.

Various system changes cause hypoxemia.

Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

Question 40. Question : Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal

during a stress response?

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Cortisol

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

FINAL EXAM Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

What is the purpose of administering ibuprofen to individuals being treated for frostbite?

Treating fever

Preventing platelet aggregation

Reducing pain

Inhibiting prostaglandins

Question 3. Question : Which statement is incorrect regarding gallbladder function?

 Within thirty minutes of eating, the gallbladder forces bile into the

stomach.

Cholinergic branches of the vagus nerve mediate gallbladder contraction.

Cholecystokinin provides hormonal regulation of gallbladder contraction.

The sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of bile from the gallbladder.

Answers available at https://bit.ly/2MX4IgP

Question 6. Question : What is the cause of functional dysphagia?

Intrinsic mechanical obstruction

Extrinsic mechanical obstruction

Tumor

Neural or muscular disorders

Question 8. Question : Which clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection may be

demonstrated in an eighty-five-year-old individual?

Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort

Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain

Hematuria and flank pain

Pyuria, urgency, and frequency

Question 16. Question : Exposure to what protects the mucosal barrier of the stomach?

Prostaglandins

Aspirin

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 Helicobacter pylori

Regurgitated bile

Question 17. Question : After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies and the epiphysis

merges with the:

Epiphyseal line

Epiphyseal plate

Metaphysis

Articular cartilage

Question 18. Question : Hepatic fat accumulation is observed in which form of cirrhosis?

Biliary

Metabolic

Postnecrotic

Alcoholic

question 27. Question : Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for

lymphokines?

Uromodulin

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 Nephrin

Urodilatin

Cystatin

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