Effects of Science and Technology in human society.

Governments can rise or fall in the basis of information that technology had provided.
Furthermore it opened the floodgates for more political process through wireless
communications, internet, high speed data transmission and remote satellite broadcasting

Effects of Science and Technology on Trade and Commerce

Technology is a key factor in developing the economy, job creation and increasing income
levels, maintaining a sustainable growth and economic stability.
Capital and labor sectors have to contend w/ new processes like the increasing computerization,
automation,robotics technology,  miniaturization effectively decreasing the demand for human
labor

Effects of Science and Technology on Socio-Economic Systems and Conditions

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the
period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going
from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production
processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power and the
development of machine tools. It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal.
Other features involved in th Industrial Revolution were socio- Economic and cultural. 
The technological changes indcluded 
the following:

Effects of Science and Technology on Human Perception of Reality

The perception of an individual of reality occurs with the observations made by the
individual
Effects of Science and Technology on Human Mutual Dependence the vital point to consider in
this section is the consequences of a certain technology in terms of its tendency to increase or
decrease mutual dependence among socio-economic groupings and from these synthesis
ascertain the probable outcome of that technology's introduction and adoption

Effects of Science and Technology on the Environment and Natural Ecosystems

Worldwide emission of greenhouse gases have reached perilous levels that acid rain,
derived from sulfur and nitrogen oxides, unabated ause of toxic chemicals that flow into our
waterways, have affected health, industry and agriculture.
The effects of human society on science.

The more demand for new technologies and advancement of current technologies, the
more pressure we put on earth’s natural resources. Look at the total number of mobile phones
and computers being manufactured today, our population is increasing every day and all these
billion consumers demand either a mobile phone or a computer in their homes or offices. This is
good news for the manufactures, like Apple or Samsung, the demand for their gadgets is high,
but to sustain this demand, they have to exploit Mother Nature for resources like aluminum, once
these resources are extracted from the earth plates, they will never return back because it took
them a billion years to mature.  That means that at one time, we shall be left with no natural
resource which can be a problem to the future generation and economy.  Likewise, the intensive
farming practices will deplete the soil. This makes heavy applications of commercial fertilizers
necessary to yield healthy harvests, but also these fertilizers have chemicals which are dangerous
to the soil and human lives.

In short, because of our demand on we harm the earth.

Issues in physical science

#1:Antibiotic

The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of
antibiotics, which have transformed medicine and saved millions of lives. Many decades after the
first patients were treated with antibiotics, bacterial infections have again become a threat. The
antibiotic resistance crisis has been attributed to the overuse and misuse of these medications, as
well as a lack of new drug development by the pharmaceutical industry due to reduced economic
incentives and challenging regulatory requirements.The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) has classified a number of bacteria as presenting urgent, serious, and
concerning threats, many of which are already responsible for placing a substantial clinical and
financial burden on the U.S. health care system, patients, and their families.Coordinated efforts
to implement new policies, renew research efforts, and pursue steps to manage the crisis are
greatly needed.

CAUSES OF THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE CRISIS

 Overuse
 Inappropriate Prescribing

 Extensive Agricultural Use

 Availability of Few New Antibiotics

 The health officials agreed to improve collection and sharing of information on
antimicrobial resistance to guide effective policies and actions; to strengthen and
harmonize regulation of production, sale and use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial
medicines; and to take innovative approaches to stimulate research and development of
new antibiotics, diagnostic tests, vaccines and other technologies.

#2:Clean drinking Water

Philippines ' water and sanitation crisis. Out of 101 million Filipinos, nine

million rely on unimproved, unsafe and unsustainable water sources and 19 million
lack access to improved sanitation. Families without a safe water source in or near
their home often spend significant time and energy collecting water.
Water scarcity affects more than 40 percent of people around the world, an alarming figure that
is projected to increase with the rise of global temperatures as a result of climate change.
Although 2.1 billion people have gained access to improved water sanitation since 1990,
dwindling supplies of safe drinking water is a major problem impacting every continent.

Ensuring universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030 requires we
invest in adequate infrastructure, provide sanitation facilities, and encourage hygiene at every
level. Protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems such as forests, mountains, wetlands and
rivers is essential if we are to mitigate water scarcity. More international cooperation is also
needed to encourage water efficiency and support treatment technologies in developing
countries.

Water and health

Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera,
diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio. Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately
managed water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks. This is
particularly the case in health care facilities where both patients and staff are placed at additional
risk of infection and disease when water, sanitation, and hygiene services are lacking. Globally,
15% of patients develop an infection during a hospital stay, with the proportion much greater in
low-income countries.

Inadequate management of urban, industrial, and agricultural wastewater means the drinking-
water of hundreds of millions of people is dangerously contaminated or chemically polluted.
 #3:Genetically modified organism

Gene editing mulled for improving livestock

The technique is different than that used in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) because it
does not introduce foreign genes, but rather alters already existing DNA.

But scientists and consumer groups say there is not enough evidence yet to shed light on the
potential risks of gene editing, particularly regarding its trickle-down effects on the environment
and the ecosystem.

"Gene editing is one of the newest and most promising tools of biotechnology," Alison Van
Eenennaam, an expert in animal genetics and biotechnology at the University of California,
Davis, told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

It "enables animal breeders to make beneficial genetic changes, without bringing along unwanted
genetic changes," she added.

Artificial insemination, embryo transfer and genetic selection have led to significant
improvements in animal breeding in recent years.

For instance, in the United States, selective reproduction to improve the milk output from cows
has meant far fewer cows in the United States – nine million today compared to 25.6 million in
1944 – produce 1.6 times as much milk.

 Clean energy

All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas
—do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air
and water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use, and
global warming emissions.

However, renewable sources such as wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and

hydropower also have environmental impacts, some of which are significant.

The exact type and intensity of environmental impacts varies depending on the specific
technology used, the geographic location, and a number of other factors. By understanding the
current and potential environmental issues associated with each renewable energy source, we can
takes steps to effectively avoid or minimize these impacts as they become a larger portion of our
electric supply.

Energy efficiency is emerging as one of the key options that can help nations in Asia and the
Pacific meet the region's growing energy needs in a clean and effective way.
Increasing the efficiency of energy use and supply yields lower costs and increases availability of
energy. It also produces large environmental and economic benefits:

 It eases growth in fossil fuel demand and on upward pressure on energy prices.

 It improves energy security.

 It reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

There are now greater opportunities to improve energy efficiency, thanks to technical advances
that have increased the viability of new and renewable sources of energy as well as the option for
off-grid, community-based electricity supply.

#4: Human waste Brown treasure?

For United Nations researchers, waste is too valuable to waste.

The United Nations University's Canadian-based Institute for Water, Environment and Health
has partnered with other agencies to create a pilot program that takes human waste from a
Ugandan school’s latrines and transforms it into biogas and residue material that can be used as
fuel. The series of vessels containing the waste relies on anaerobic digestion technologies.

Called Waste to Wealth, the initiative is funded by Grand Challenges Canada along with the
Ugandan Ministry of Water and Environment, its agencies, and other NGO and academic
institutions. There are other pilot projects in Africa funded with grants from Grand Challenges
Canada for collecting waste and processing it into agricultural or energy products.

A report this week from the Institute for Water, Environment and Health says that biogas from
human waste worldwide could have a value of up to $9.5 billion in natural gas equivalent. Dried
and charred residue could be used as a substitute for charcoal—some 2 million tons of it—which
would mean fewer trees would be cut down. Which would help mitigate climate change.

Also, and perhaps most importantly, dealing with human waste as a potential economic boon in a
systematic way will improve human sanitation and environmental health in developing countries.

"Rather than treating our waste as a major liability, with proper controls in place we can use it in
several circumstances to build innovative and sustained financing for development while
protecting health and improving our environment in the process," according to the report,
"Valuing Human Waste as an Energy Resource."

Approximately 60 percent methane by volume, biogas is produced through the bacterial

breakdown of fecal matter, and other organic matter, in an anaerobic—oxygen free—system.
Dried and processed fecal sludge comes with an energy content that’s like coal and charcoal.
According to the United Nations, 2.4 billion people don’t have access to adequate toilets. And
about 1 billion people, 600 million of them in India, just poop outside, anywhere they can.

Let’s say someone could collect the waste of these 600 million people and then process it. The
biogas it could generate would be valued at more than $200 million annually, reaching almost
$376 million. And it could generate enough electricity for 10 to 18 million households. And the
processed residual fecal sludge could replace 4.8 to 8.5 million tons of charcoal for industrial
furnaces.

#5: Chemical pollutants in the environment

World’s Top 10  Toxic Pollution Problems

Every day synthetic, toxic chemicals are released into the environment. It affects
our water, land and air. Water is our most vital resource but also our most threatened. Without
water, there is no life.  Our land is where we live and thrive upon. The air is what we breathe;
what travels through the air is what we inhale. As it ultimately affects the future of our planet
and us, it is considered to be a global threat at huge cost to the environment.

The toxic pollution problems discussed below impacts more to the people who live near to
the sources of pollution. These pollutants may cause serious health effects such as birth defects,
development disorders, respiratory problems, cancer and in some cases can lead to death. Apart
from this, it can also have adverse effect on wildlife and environment.

1. Lead-Acid Battery Recycling

These rechargeable batteries are composed of lead plates and sulphuric acid in a plastic case. The
battery recycling business is a very large industry, and although it aims to reduce the number of
disposable batteries as solid waste, batteries contain a high number of toxic metals and chemicals
like lead oxide that lead to the pollution of our water and contamination of soil.

2. Mercury and Lead Pollution from Mining

More than two million people globally are affected by mining and ore processing. These mining
sites provide various minerals and metals to produce variety of products and minerals. The most
hazardous chemicals that are found near these sites are lead, chromium, asbestos, arsenic,
cadmium and mercury.

3. Coal Mining (Sulphur Dioxide and Mercury Pollution)

Though it’s often overlooked, the high levels of mercury in the air are a serious threat to human
health. Originating from power plants fired by coal, many of which are located very close to
large urban areas and cities in America. It can also travel exceptionally far (as in thousands of
miles) through the air. Mercury is extremely damaging to human health as it severely damages
the brain and nervous system when inhaled or made contact with. It is also estimated that a high
percentage of pregnant woman in America are affected by high mercury levels that affect a
foetus’s brain development. All in all, mercury is one of the most deadly toxic pollutants in the
air.

4. Artisanal Gold Mining (Mercury Pollution)

The production process of retrieving gold from mined ores releases more mercury than any other
global sector. The mining process is usually done in the open air, putting people living nearby at
risk either through contaminated water or soil. The vaporized mercury is a potent neurotoxic
element that causes development disorders and affects the central nervous system.

5. Lead Smelting

Each year millions of people are affected by the toxic chemicals, primarily iron, limestone, pyrite
and zinc that are released into the air by the dozens of lead smelting sites around the world. Lead
smelting uses furnaces and other chemical agents to remove impurity from lead ores. Lead
Smelting puts approximately 2.5 million people at risk at 70 polluted lead smelting sites
worldwide, according to Blacksmith Institute.

6. Pesticides Pollution from Agriculture and Storage

Pesticides are substances necessary for agriculture to destroy targeted pests. An approximate 2
million metric tonnes of pesticides are used annually on fields. As a result, millions of tons of
pesticides are dumped every year on our fields. Unfortunately, the health effects pesticides have
on us are disastrous, from simple skin irritation to hurting to nervous system to even causing
cancer.

7. Arsenic in Ground Water

Arsenic in Ground Water is naturally occurring pollution problem that affects some 750,000
people, mostly in south Asia. Contaminated ground water is still used by many people which can
lead to cancer, blood vessel damage, abnormal heat beat and some other ill effects.

8. Industrial Waste Water

water is water that has been harmfully affected by outside influence and that flows from an open
drain. Waste water may or may not be affected by any of the following, but certainly not limited
to, batteries, smelting, toxins, organic particles, pathogens, methane and carbon dioxide. This
water ends up in the environment where it is much more harmful to humans than irrigation
water.

9. Chromium Pollution (Dye Industry)

Believe it or not, the dye industry actually contains numerous health hazards. Dye is used to add
color to material, but the additions they have to pollution are more than noticeable. While
chromium, which is used in dye, is critical to the human diet and generally speaking causes no
damage to the human body, Cr IV Chromium is dangerous and highly toxic, enough to cause
death in humans.

10. Chromium Pollution (Tanneries)

Chromium is primarily used to turn animal hides into leather for consumers, in places called
tanneries, which are primarily centered in South-East Asia. Such tanneries are still operating
with little control and produce daily 7.7 million litres of waste water and 88 million tons of solid
waste. Again, Cr IV is dangerous and can cause health problems as in respiratory and heart
failure and cancer in the brain and kidneys.