THE SYSTEM UNIT

PSU
MOTHERBOARD
CPU
RAM
HDD
ODD
GRAPHICS CARD
SYSTEM CASING
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
POWER SUPPLY UNIT

The PSU converts an alternating

current (AC=220v) into a specified voltage
direct current (DC=12v,5v,3.3v).
Form Factor
ATX12v – Advance Tech. Extended
EPS12v – Entry Level Power Supply
80 plus rating

80 Plus Bronze 82%

80 Plus Silver 85%
80 Plus Gold 87%
PSU Type
TRUE RATED GENERIC TYPE
 Advantages of True Rated PSU
• Short Circuit Protection
• Over Voltage Protection

• Energy Efficient

• Quality Standard Components

Maximum
Output
Power Connectors
Motherboard Power Connector

20 Pins 20 + 4 Pins
CPU/Processor Power Connector

4 pins 8 pins
P.A.T.A (Molex) Power S.A.T.A Power
Connector Connector
PCI-E 6 pin Power Connector
Berg | Floppy Power
Connector
 Common Designs of PSU

compact form factor

ATX form factor

thin form factor

 PSU Voltage Color Coding

• YELLOW = +12v
• BLUE = -12v
• RED = +5v
• PURPLE = +5v StandBy
• ORANGE = + 3.3v
• GRAY = Power OK
• BLACK = Ground | Common
• GREEN = Power ON
CPU
 CPU
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
A CPU carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control
and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
Components of a CPU
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - performs simple arithmetic and logical operations.
• Control Unit (CU) – it manages the various components of the computer. It reads and
interprets instructions from memory and transforms them into a series of signals to activate
other parts of the computer.
• Cache - serves as high-speed memory where instructions can be copied to and retrieved
Things to check on a CPU
• Number of Cores
• Number of Threads
• Clock Speed
 Intel Legacy CPU

Pentium I , II , III , IV – Single Cores

Pentium D – Single Core w/ Hyper Threading
Celeron – Single | Dual Cores
Pentium Dual-Core
Core 2 Duo – Dual Cores
Core 2 Quad – Quad Cores
Intel Core i-Series CPU’s
Core i3 – 2 cores 4 threads
Core i5 – 4 cores 4 threads with Turbo Boost
Core i7 – 4 cores 8 threads
Intel Core i-Series Generations
1 stGen – Nehalem
2nd Gen – Sandy Bridge
3rd Gen – Ivy Bridge
4th Gen – Haswell
5th Gen – Broadwell
6th Gen - Skylake
7th Gen - Kabylake
How to open Direct X Diagnostic Tool

Open RUN (Windows key + R)

Type DXDIAG
Press ENTER
AMD Legacy Processors

1. Sempron – Single Core

2. Athlon – Single | Dual |Tri|Quad Cores
3. Phenom – Dual | Quad Cores
4. FX Series – Quad |Octa Cores
AMD APU’s (Accelerated Processing Unit)

• Combined CPU and GPU cores in single chip

• Better built-in graphics
1. Sempron APU’s – Dual Core
2. Athlon APU’s – Quad Core
3. A-Series APU’s
• A4 – Dual Core
• A6 – Dual or Tri-Core
• A8 – Quad Core
• A10 – Quad Core with R7 Graphics
AMD Ryzen CPU’s

•Ryzen 3 •Ryzen
•4 cores 4 threads Threadripper
•Ryzen 5 •8 cores 16 threads
•4 cores 8 threads •12 cores 24 threads
•6 cores 12 threads •16 cores 32 threads
•Ryzen 7
•8 cores 16 threads
Generations of AMD

RICHLAND
TRINITY
KAVERI
GODAVERI
ZEN
Heatsink & Fan
MOTHERBOARD
The Motherboard

• The central nervous system of a computer.

Form Factor
Back Panel

DVI- DIGITAL VIDEO

INTERFACE
VGA-VIDEO GRAPHICS
ARRAY
HDMI- HIGH DEFINITION
MULTIMEDIA INTERFACE
Brand and Model
 CPU Socket

1. PGA Socket
(pin grid array)

• With holes in the socket

• Commonly used by AMD CPU’s
 List of PGA Sockets and Corresponding CPU’s
PGA Sockets Year Released CPU
Socket 478 2000 Intel Pentium 4, Intel Celeron, Intel Pentium 4 EE, Intel Pentium 4 M

Socket 754 2003 AMD Athlon 64, AMD Sempron, AMD Turion 64

Socket 939 2004 AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64 FX, AMD Athlon 64 X2
AMD Opteron

Socket AM2 2006 AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64 X2

Socket AM2+ 2007 AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon X2, AMD Phenom, AMD Phenom II

Socket AM3 2009 AMD Phenom II, AMD Athlon II, AMD Sempron

Socket FM1 2011 AMD Llano Processors

Socket AM3+ 2011 AMD FX Vishera, AMD FX Zambezi, AMD Phenom II, AMD Athlon II
AMD Sempron

Socket FM2 2012 AMD Trinity Processors

Socket FM2+ 2014 AMD Kaveri and Godavari Processors

Socket AM4 2016 AMD Zen Processors

 CPU Socket

2. LGA Socket
(land grid array)

• sockets have pins

• commonly used by Intel CPU’s
 List of LGA Sockets and Corresponding CPU’s
LGA Sockets Year Released CPU
LGA 775 Intel Pentium 4, Intel Pentium D, Intel Celeron,
Socket T 2004 Intel Celeron D, Intel Pentium XE, Intel Core 2 Duo,
Intel Core 2 Quad
Socket F 2006 AMD Athlon 64 FX
LGA 1156
Socket H
2009-2012 Intel Nehalem

LGA 1155
Socket H2 2011 Intel Sandy Bridge, Intel Ivy Bridge

LGA 1150
Socket H3 2013,2014,2015 Intel Haswell, Intel Haswell Refresh, Intel Broadwell

LGA 1151 2015 Intel Skylake & Kabylake

 RAM Slot

• A memory slot, memory socket,

or RAM slot is what allows
computer memory (RAM) to be
inserted into the computer.
• Depending on the motherboard,
there may be 2 to 4 memory
slots (sometimes more on high-
end motherboards) and are what
determine the type of RAM used
with the computer.
RAM Slots and Voltages

•2.5 V = DDR1 =184 PINS

•1.8 V = DDR2 = 240 PINS
•1.5 V = DDR3 = 240 PINS
•1.2 V = DDR4 =284 PINS

* Double Data Rate (DDR)

 Graphics Card Slot

1. AGP Slot x8
Accelerated Graphics Port,
an interface specification developed by Intel Corporation

2. PCI-E Slot x16

(Peripheral Component Interconnect - Express x16),
officially abbreviated as PCIe x16, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard designed to replace
the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards.
Expansion Slots | PCI

1. PCI-E x1
Peripheral Component Interconnect - Express

2. PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
 BIOS Chip & CMOS Battery

Basic Input/Output
System (BIOS)

Complementary
metal-oxide
semiconductor
(CMOS)
PATA & SATA Ports

•PATA - Parallel Advance Technology Attachment

•SATA - Serial Advance Technology Attachment
• is the faster serial version of the original parallel ATA (PATA) interface.

• Both SATA and PATA are "integrated drive electronics" (IDE) devices, which means
the controller is in the drive, and only a simple circuit is required on the motherboard.
SYSTEM PANEL Headers
• USB Headers

• Audio Headers
• Front Panel Headers
RAM
•Random Access Memory (RAM)
• The PRIMARY storage of CPU.
• It’s VOLATILE, If the computer is turned off, all data contained in RAM is
lost.
TYPE OF RAM
• Desktop RAM
▪ DIMM - Dual In-line Memory Module

• Laptop RAM
▪ SO-DIMM – Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module
Capacity
• RAM capacity is measured in MB or GB

Conversion of Capacity – 2^10 = 1024

Bits: 8 bits = 1 byte
Bytes: 1024 bytes = 1 KB (1 to 3 digits)
Kilobytes: 1024 KB = 1 MB (4 to 6 digits)
Megabytes: 1024 MB = 1 GB (7 to 9 digits)

1x2=2x2=4x2=8x2=16x2=32x2=64x2=128x2=256x2=512x2=1024
x2=2046x2=4096
 Speed and Voltage
DDR(1)
Speed (MHz) Code
DDR266 PC2100
184 pins
2.5 Volts DDR333 PC2700
DDR400 PC3200
 Speed and Voltage
DDR2
Speed Code
240 pins DDR2-533 PC2-4200
1.8 Volts DDR2-667 PC2-5300
DDR2-800 PC2-6400
 Speed and Voltage
DDR3
Speed Code
240 pins DDR3-1066 PC3-8500
1.5 Volts
DDR3-1333 PC3-10600
DDR3-1600 PC3-12800
 Speed and Voltage
DDR4
Speed
DDR4-1866
288 pins
DDR4-2133
1.2 Volts
DDR4-2400
HDD
Hard Disk Drive
• The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest,
data storage hardware device in a computer.
• The operating system, software titles, and most other
files are stored in the hard disk drive.
HDD Capacity
• Measured in GB or TB
• 1000GB = 1TB
Rate Per Minute (RPM)
Type or Interface
PATA
Parallel Advance Technology Attachment Drive)

• IDE/PATA Drives have usually 40 pins.

• IDE/PATA Drives offer 133 MB/sec transfer
rate.
• It sends 8 bit data at a time.
SATA
(Serial Advance Technology Attachment Drive)

• SATA Drives have usually 7 pins, 4 pins in pair of

two for sending and receiving data and rest 3 pins
are grounded.
• SATA Drives offers generally 300MB/sec transfer
rate.
• It sends data bit by bit.
 Other Types of
Storage Devices
Solid State Drive (SSD)
ODD
OPTICAL DISC DRIVE
• TYPES OF DRIVES
• CD DRIVE
• DVD DRIVE
• BLU-RAY DRIVE

• FUNCTIONS
• ROM –Can READ disc only
• RW – Can READ and WRITE (burn) to disc
INTERFACE
• IDE | PATA

• SATA
GRAPHICS CARD
A video card (also called a video adapter, display card, graphics
card, graphics board, display adapter, graphics adapter or frame
buffer) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to
a display (such as a computer monitor).
THREE TYPES OF VIDEO CARD

1.INTEGRATED |ON-BOARD
• When a graphics card is described as integrated, it refers to the card's relationship with the computer's
motherboard. Integrated graphics cards, sometimes known as on-board graphics cards, are the default
option that comes with standard motherboards.
THREE TYPES OF VIDEO CARD

2. AGP
• AGP graphics cards are named for the same thing PCI cards are—the slot they connect to on a
motherboard. AGP cards can have four speeds, the fastest being 8x. However, if your motherboard only
supports a lower speed, such as 1x, 2x, or 4x, your graphics card will behave as if it is of a slower
speed, rather than its real speed.
THREE TYPES OF VIDEO CARD

3. PCI-Express
• PCI-E cards are the most advanced, connecting to the motherboard's PCI-E slot. PCI-E graphics cards
can be accelerated to 16x. In addition, a motherboard with more than one PCI-E slot can have more
than one PCI-E graphics card connected to it and combine their power. However, this is a rare scenario.
This can also cause compatibility problems if not planned out correctly; certain motherboards work
better with specific brands of PCI-E video card.
INTERFACES
 2 TYPES
OF GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT(GPU)
NVIDIA
• GeForce Series
• Geforce FX Series
• Quadro FX Series
• GT Series
• GTS Series
• GTX Series
ATI | AMD
• Wonder Series
• Mach Series
• Rage Series
• Radeon Series
• HD SERIES
• FireGL Series
• FirePro Series
Video RAM
System Casing
• Housing

• Ventilation
• Protection from
Electro-Magnetic
Frequency
End of Presentation

Presented by

Romel M. Ramos
Computer, Electronics, Video Editor Specialist | Resource Speaker

09486842761