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Sefalometri PDF
Sefalometri PDF
• Downs (1948)
• Steiner (1953)
• Rickets (1960)
• Tweed(1966)
• Wits(1975)
• McNamara(1988)
Definition
Cephalo: head
Metric: measurments
Cephalometry: is the analysis and the interpretation
of standardized radiographs of the facial bones.
It is a standardized and reproducible form of skull
radiography used extensively in orthodontics to
asses the relationships of the teeth to the jaws, and
the jaws to the rest of the facial skeleton.
The cephalostat
Head position: the patient’s head is oriented in the
same position relative to the x-ray beam every time
a film is taken, with the use of a cephalostat.
Ear rods: in the ear canals (external auditory
meatus).
Frankfort plane: horizontal.
Teeth: in centric occlusion.
Lips: in their habitual position.
Fungsi sefalometri
Mempelajari pertumbuhan dari cranio facial
Melakukan diagnosa/analisa kelainan cranio facial
Mempelajari tipe facial
Merencanakan suatu perawatan ortodonti
Evaluasi kasus-kasus yang telah dirawat (progress
reports)
Analisa fungsional
Melakukan riset/penelitian
Indications for cephalometric evaluation
Nasion (N)
A point
The most posterior point
on the profile of the
maxilla between the
anterior nasal spine and the
alveolar crest
• B point
The most posterior point on the
profile of the mandible between
the chin point and the alveolar
crest
Landmarks
Pogonion (Pog)
The most anterior point
on the bony chin
Menton (Me)
The lowermost point of
the mandibular symphysis
in the midline
Landmarks
Gnathion (Gn)
The most inferior point on
the mandibular symphysis
in the midline
Gonion (Go)
The most posterior inferior
point on the angle of the
mandible
Landmarks
Machine Porion:
landmark created by ear
post of cephalostat
Cephalometric lines of reference
REFERENCE LINES
• Frankfort’s Horizontal
(porion to orbitale)
• Sella--‐Nasion line
• Maxillary plane
• Oklusal plane
• Mandibular plane
Frankfort Horizontal Plane
Sella-Nasion Plane (SN)
Maxillary line:
ANS-PNS
Mandibular plane:
Me - Go
Occlusal plane:
Cusp tips of
molars – tip of
lower incisor
ANALYSIS CEPHALOMETRIC
measurement
Skeletal
• the Cranial base;
• the maxilla; the mandible,
Dental
• the maxillary and mandibular dento alveolus
Soft Tissue
•Comparing individual subject’s tracing to
the“ideal”/normal
skeletal relationships (ant-post)
Angle ANB (3 ± 1)
The anteroposterior
apical base
relationship (skeletal
pattern)
variabel yg srg digunakan
<SNA = menyatakan letak maksila terhadap
kranium. Normal = 82°-84°
<SNB = menyatakan letak mandibula terhadap
kranium. Normal = 80° - 81°
<ANB = menyatakan hubungan maksila terhadap
mandibula. Normal = 2°(kelas 1), kelas II = 4°,
kelas III = ANB negatif.
Dentoskeletal relationships
DENTAL-MAXILLARY INCISOR
U1 TO FH 110 ± 5
deg
U1 TO NA 22deg
U1 TO NA 4mm
DENTAL-MANDIBULAR ANTERIOR
L1 TO NB 25deg
L1 TO NB 4mm
L1 TO GOGN 91
± 6deg
DENTAL-UPPER TO LOWER
INCISOR
INTERINCISAL
130 ± 5 deg
Sudut inklinasi insisivus yg normal
Insisivus-SN = 103° - 117°
Insisivus-garis maksila = 108° - 111°
Insisivus-garis mandibula = 90° - 96°
Catatan = bila sudut inklinasi insisivus-garis maksila
besar, maka?
Bila sudut inklinasi insisivus-garis mandibula besar,
maka?
Soft Tissue
SOFT TISSUE ANALYSIS
NASOLABIAL
ANGLE 102 ± 8
deg
L.LIP TO E
PLANE -2
±2mm
Steiner Lip Analysis
Ricketts Lip Analysis
Daftar pustaka
Diagnosis Ortodontik, Pambudi rahardjo, AUP,
2008.
Penggunaan Chephalometri Radiografi dalam
bidang Ortodonti, Hendro Kusnoto, FKG Usakti.
Three Dimensional Chephalometri, Richard
Jacobson.
Materi Kuliah Sefalometri, Arya Brahmanta
drg.,Sp.Ort.
The Atlas and Manual of Chephalometric
Radiography, Thomas Rakosi