Cleopatra's death appears to have actually played out as drastically as the life she lived.

After the Egyptian queen and her longtime lover, the Roman basic Mark Antony, saw their combined forces
decimated in the Fight of Actium in 31 B.C., they pulled away to an unsure future in Alexandria. Months later, with
the Roman army of Octavian at the city's gates, a desperate Antony fell on his sword.

Solid historical evidence connecting to Cleopatra's death, as with much of her biography, is thin. Those who put
together the most comprehensive accounts of her life, especially the Roman writer Plutarch, lived generations
after her death. Poets, playwrights and filmmakers later on drew on these sources to construct Cleopatra into a
practically mythical figure, specified largely by her powers of seduction and her relationships with 2 Roman
leaders, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.

Such fictionalized accounts of her life, and her unfortunate demise, developed the popular picture of Cleopatra as
the lovely, doomed lead character in among history's most famous romantic dramas. Behind that image, however,
was a real-life queen, who, regardless of her appearances, was certainly a powerful leader-- and one of the most
effective members of a Greek dynasty that controlled Egypt for more than three centuries.

What We Know About Cleopatra's Death

After Roman forces crushed the Egyptian army in the Fight of Actium, Antony and Cleopatra pulled away to
Alexandria, where they watched as their former allies and advocates defected to Octavian's side. As Stacy Schiff
composed in her 2010 bio of Cleopatra, the couple liquified their debaucherous "Society of Inimitable Livers" and
founded a brand-new one, "Buddies to the Death." Cleopatra had a two-story mausoleum rapidly constructed on
her palace premises, next to a temple devoted to her alter ego, the goddess Isis.

By the how did cleopatra die end of July in 30 B.C., Octavian's forces had actually reached Alexandria, and
Cleopatra pulled away to her mausoleum. Hearing a report that she had passed away, Antony stabbed himself
with his own sword. His males carried him to Cleopatra, and he passed away in her arms. According to Plutarch, a
member of Octavian's staff covertly cautioned Cleopatra on August 9 that the general was planning to leave for
Rome in a couple of days, and take Cleopatra and her kids with him. The following day, Cleopatra shut herself
away in the mausoleum with two maidservants, Iras and Charmion, and sent out a note to Octavian, who was by
then staying in Alexandria, likely in the queen's palace.

Upon opening Cleopatra's note, which asked that she be buried at Antony's side, Octavian instantly sent his men
to investigate. When they broke down the mausoleum door, they discovered Cleopatra lying lifeless on a golden
couch, her 2 servants dead and passing away beside her. She was 39 years of ages at the time she died, and had
ruled Egypt for more than 20 years.

The Snake Bite Theory

According to the most extensively duplicated theory of Cleopatra's death, she died from a venomous snake bite,
caused either by an asp (a little viper) or an Egyptian cobra. Hers would have been a particularly poetic suicide:
The asp was a symbol of royalty to the Egyptians, while the cobra was connected with Cleopatra's favorite
goddess, Isis.

There are numerous problems with this theory, according to modern Egyptologists. For something, cobras were
normally a minimum of 5 feet long, and might grow up to 8 feet; much too large to smuggle into Cleopatra's
mausoleum in a basket of figs, as the story goes. In addition, not all snake bites are deadly, and those that are kill
their victims slowly and painfully, making it difficult to think a snake was able to eliminate Cleopatra and her two
housemaids in the short time it considered Octavian to get her note and send his guards.
If Cleopatra did poison herself to death, Schiff and others argue, it's more likely she drank a lethal herbal mixture,
or used a harmful lotion, as one ancient historian, Strabo, suggested. Either of these would have eliminated her
(and her servants) faster and efficiently than a snake bite. In 2010, the German historian Christoph Schaefer
suggested that Cleopatra might have consumed a deadly mix of hemlock, wolfsbane and opium, based on his
research studies of ancient files and his deal with a toxicologist.