Environmental Risk Assessment

Abir Goldar
Development Studies Discipline
Khulna University 1
Outline

 Defining Key Terms

 Risk Characterization
 Risk Recognition
 Risk Identification
 Grading of Risk
 Steps to Risk Assessment
 Risk Management
 Steps to Risk Management
 Conclusion
2
 Defining Key Terms

Environment:
The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal or
plant lives or operates.

Risk :
Probability of occurring any adverse effect.

Environmental Risk Assessment :

An environmental risk assessment (ERA) is a process of
predicting whether there may be a risk of adverse effects
on the environment caused by a chemical substance.

3
 Risk characterization

 Risk characterization is the process of estimating the

incidence of a health effect under the various conditions of
human exposure described in the exposure assessment

 The results of risk characterization are used to identify

potential options that are then evaluated in terms of
expected public health, economic, social, and political
consequences

4
 Characterizations of Risk

Quantitative risk characterization

Quantitative characterization involves the calculation of a
simple risk ratio (PEC/PNEC). That is, the predicted
environmental concentration is compared to the predicted
concentration at which no effects on organisms in the
compartment will occur.

5
 Characterizations of Risk

Qualitative risk characterization

It is not always possible to undertake a quantitative
characterization of risk. In these instances, such as when
assessing the risks to remote marine areas or where PECs or
PNECs cannot be calculated, the risk characterization will
need to be performed qualitatively.

6
 Risk Recognition

Risk recognition is one

element of a comprehensive
approach to safety and
health. To be effective, risk
recognition should be
implemented along with the
other key elements of safety
and health management

7
 Risk Identification

Risk identification is the

process of determining risks
that could potentially
prevent the program,
enterprise, or investment
from achieving its objectives
.It includes documenting and
communicating the concern.

8
 Risk Identification Process

Inputs Tools & Techniques

Environmental Factors
 Documentation Reviews
 Information Gathering
Organizational Process Techniques Outputs
Assets
Risk Register
 Checklist Analysis
Project Scope
 Assumption analysis
Statement
 Diagramming techniques
Risk Management Plan

Project Management
Plan

Risk Risk Qualitative Risk Quantitative Risk Response Risk

Management Identification Analysis Risk Analysis Planning Monitoring
Planning and Control
9
 Grading of Risk

• Grade 1- Low risk

• Grade 2- Low to medium risk
• Grade 3- Medium to high risk
• Grade 4- High risk

10
 Grading of Risk

 Low risk
Rare, occurs less than 0.1% of the time/cases
 Low to medium
May happen, occurs between 0.1% and 1% of the
time/cases
 Medium to high
Quite often, occurs between 1% and 10% of the
time/cases
 High risk
Very often, occurs more frequently than 10% of the
time/cases
11
Grading of Risk

12
 Risk Assessment

• Involves:

Dose-response analysis
or other tests of
toxicity

Assessing likely
exposure to the hazard
(concentration, time,
frequency)

13
 Steps to Risk Assessment

1. Hazard identification : The process of determining whether

exposure to an agent can increase the incidence of a health
condition
2. Dose-response assessment: The process of characterizing the
relation between the dose of an agent administered or
received and the incidence of an adverse health effect in
exposed populations; it expresses incidence as a function of
exposure to the agent.

14
 Steps to Risk Assessment

3. Exposure assessment : The process of measuring or

estimating the intensity, frequency, and duration of human
exposures to an existing agent or of estimating
hypothetical exposures that might arise from the release of
new chemicals into the environment .

4. Risk characterization: The process of estimating the

incidence of a health effect under the various conditions of
human exposure described in the exposure assessment

15
16
17
 Environmental Risk Management

• Environmental risk management is a method

of assessing, mitigating, and monitoring the
effects of a recognized risk that may have the
potential adverse effects on the public and
environmental health.

18
 Environmental Risk Management

Risk management is a decision making process that

involves:
- Risk Assessment
- Technological Feasibility
- Economic Impacts
- Public Concerns
- Legal Requirements

19
 Environmental Risk Management

The process of evaluating alternative regulatory options

and selecting among them.

Seeks to prevent adverse effects on :

• Human health and
• Ecological systems

20
 Environmental Risk Management
• Consider risk
assessments in light of
social, economic, and
political needs and
values.

• Decide whether or not

to reduce or eliminate
risk.

21
 Steps to Risk Management

1. Decision: The process of choosing between the

options .
2. Implementation : The process of creating the
option that we had choose .
3. Monitoring and Evaluation : The process of
controlling the option to be sure that we achieved
our aim .
4. Review : The process of choosing other option in
case we didn’t have the best results. 22
 Risk Management In Public Health
Risks to human health
can come from many
sources:

• Industrial facilities
• Combustion
• Engines, and different
media (air, water, or
soil).

23
 Public and Environmental Health Risk
Management Framework

Commission on Risk Assessment

and Risk Management (1997)
24
 Public and Environmental Health Risk
Management Framework

1. Define the problem and put it in context.

2. Analyze the risks associated with the problem
in context.
3. Examine options for addressing the risks.
4. Make decisions about which options to
implement.
5. Take actions to implement the decisions.
Commission on Risk Assessment
and Risk Management (1997)
25
 Conclusion

 For recognition and grading of risk ,

characterization of risk is necessary.

 Risk assessment is an important part of risk

management. So environmental risk assessment
is needed to manage the risk effectively.

26
THANK
YOU