Sohan Shirodkar

60004160113
BE – B3

EXPERIMENT - 2 (A)
AIM: To implement hosted virtualization using KVM
THEORY:
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a server, a
desktop, a storage device, an operating system or network resources.
Virtualization is a technique how to separate a service from the underlying physical delivery of that
service. It is the process of creating a virtual version of something like computer hardware. It was
initially developed during the mainframe era. It involves using specialized software to create a virtual
or software-created version of a computing resource rather than the actual version of the same
resource. With the help of Virtualization multiple operating systems and applications can run on same
Machine and its same hardware at the same time increasing the utilization and flexibility of hardware.
Types of Virtualization:
1. Hardware Virtualization
2. Server Virtualization
3. Storage Virtualization
4. Network Virtualization
Hardware Virtualization –
It is the abstraction of computing resources from the software that uses cloud resources. It involves
embedding virtual machine software into the server's hardware components. That software is called
the hypervisor. The hypervisor manages the shared physical hardware resources between the guest OS
& the host OS. The abstracted hardware is represented as actual hardware. Virtualization means
abstraction & hardware virtualization is achieved by abstracting the physical hardware part using
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) or hypervisor. Hypervisors rely on command set extensions in the
processors to accelerate common virtualization activities for boosting the performance. The term
hardware virtualization is used when VMM or virtual machine software or any hypervisor gets directly
installed on the hardware system. The primary task of the hypervisor is to process monitoring, memory
& hardware controlling.
The benefits of hardware virtualization decrease the overall cost of cloud users and increase the
flexibility. Its advantages include lower cost, efficient resource utilization, increase IT flexibility,
advanced Hardware Virtualization features.
Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

Server Virtualization –
When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly installed on the
Server system is known as server virtualization. It is the division of physical server into several virtual
servers and this division is mainly done to improvise the utility of server resource. In other word it is
the masking of resources that are located in server which includes the number & identity of
processors, physical servers & the operating system. This division of one physical server into multiple
isolated virtual servers is done by server administrator using software. The virtual environment is
sometimes called the virtual private servers.

Storage Virtualization –
Storage virtualization is an array of servers that are managed by a virtual storage system. The servers
aren’t aware of exactly where their data is stored, and instead function more like worker bees in a
hive. It makes managing storage from multiple sources to be managed and utilized as a single
repository. Storage virtualization software maintains smooth operations, consistent performance and a
continuous suite of advanced functions despite changes, break down and differences in the underlying
equipment. Storage virtualization in Cloud Computing is nothing but the sharing of physical storage
into multiple storage devices which further appears to be a single storage device. It can be also called
as a group of an available storage device which simply manages from a central console. This
virtualization provides numerous benefits such as easy backup, achieving, and recovery of the data.
This whole process requires very less time and works in an efficient manner. Storage virtualization in
Cloud Computing does not show the actual complexity of the Storage Area Network (SAN). This
virtualization is applicable to all levels of SAN.

Network Virtualization –
Network virtualization refers to the management and monitoring of an entire computer network as a
single administrative entity from a single software-based administrator’s console. Network
virtualization also may include storage virtualization, which involves managing all storage as a single
resource. Network virtualization is designed to allow network optimization of data transfer rates,
flexibility, scalability, reliability and security. It automates many network administrative tasks, which
actually disguise a network's true complexity. All network servers and services are considered one pool
of resources, which may be used without regard to the physical components.
Network virtualization is especially useful for networks experiencing a rapid, large and unpredictable
increase in usage.

Hypervisor:
Hypervisor is a form of virtualization software used in Cloud hosting to divide and allocate the
resources on various pieces of hardware. The program which provide partitioning, isolation or
abstraction is called virtualization hypervisor. Hypervisor is a hardware virtualization technique that
allows multiple guest operating systems (OS) to run on a single host system at the same time. A
hypervisor is sometimes also called a virtual machine manager (VMM).
 Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

TYPE 1 Hypervisor –
Hypervisor runs directly on underlying host system. It is also known as “Native Hypervisor” or “Bare
metal hypervisor”. It does not require any base server operating system. It has direct access to
hardware resources. Examples of Type 1 hypervisors include VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer and
Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor.
TYPE 2 Hypervisor –
A Host operating system runs on underlying host system. It is also known as “Hosted Hypervisor”.
Basically, a software installed on an operating system. Hypervisor asks operating system to make
hardware calls. Example of Type 2 hypervisor include VMware Player or Parallels Desktop. Hosted
hypervisors are often found on endpoints like PCs.

KVM – KVM or Kernel-based Virtual Machine is a virtualization module in the Linux kernel that allows
the kernel to function as a hypervisor. It was merged into the Linux kernel mainline. Basically, KVM is a
type-2 hypervisor (installed on top of another OS). It runs, however, like a type-1 hypervisor and can
provide the power and functionality of even the most complex and powerful type-1 hypervisors,
depending on the tools that are used with the KVM package itself.

OUTPUT:
Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3
Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3
Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

CONCLUSION:
Finally, from this experiment we acquire a thorough knowledge on the concept of Virtualization,
particularly on type 2 hypervisor i.e. hosted virtualization. We gain an understanding about hosted
virtualization by perusing the topic as well as implementing it. Along with this we have managed to
create our own virtual machine manager in Ubuntu using KVM.
 Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

EXPERIMENT – 2 (B)

AIM: To implement Bare Metal virtualization using XEN.

THEORY:
A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM, is a type of virtualization software that
supports the creation and management of virtual machines (VMs) by separating a computer’s software
from its hardware. Hypervisors translate requests between the physical and virtual resources, making
virtualization possible. When a hypervisor is installed directly on the hardware of a physical machine,
between the hardware and the operating system (OS), it is called a bare metal hypervisor. Some bare
metal hypervisors are embedded into the firmware at the same level as the motherboard basic
input/output system (BIOS). This is necessary for some systems to enable the operating system on a
computer to access and use virtualization software.

XEN
Xen Project creates a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) also known as a hypervisor: a software system that
allows the execution of multiple virtual guest operating systems simultaneously on a single physical
machine. In particular, the project creates a Type 1 or “bare-metal” hypervisor, meaning that it runs
directly on top of the physical machine as opposed to within an operating system.
Guest virtual machines running on a Xen Project Hypervisor are known as “domains”. A special domain
known as domain0 (or dom0) is responsible for controlling the hypervisor and starting other guest
operating systems. These other guest operating systems are called domUs. This is because these domains
are “unprivileged” in the sense they cannot control the hypervisor or start/stop other domains.
Our hypervisor supports two primary types of virtualization: paravirtualization (PV) and hardware
virtualized machine (HVM) also known as “full virtualization”. Paravirtualization uses modified guest
operating systems that we refer to as "enlightened" guests. These operating systems are aware that they
are being virtualized and as such don’t require virtual hardware devices. Instead they make special calls to
the hypervisor that allow them to access CPUs, storage and network resources.
Installation of XEN Server
1) Burn the downloaded ISO to a CD and insert it into your optical drive.
2) Make sure VT (or AMD-V) is enabled in your server’s BIOS.
3) Boot to the CD.
Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

4) Answer the basic installation questions and reboot.

5) Perform initial configurations, such as assigning it an IP address, a host name, password, and so on.
6) Connect to your XenServer using XenCenter.

OUTPUT:

Mount the ISO CD on your physical server

Once it boots up, it’s going to start installing automatically.

 Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

You’ll then be asked whether you wish to install any supplemental packs like drivers of anything of that
sort. In my case, I don’t have any, so I just select No

Set a password for your root account and click OK.

Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

You can then choose whether to allow DHCP to assign this installation an IP address or to assign an IP
address yourself. In my case, I’ll just let DHCP do the assigning.

Next up will be the Hostname Configuration. Again, you can either let DHCP take care of that for you or
you can assign a hostname yourself. I’ve chosen to assign one myself, giving it the name
“xs.trainsignal.com”. However, I’ll leave it to DHCP to set the DNS Configuration. As you can see, you may
also do things manually. Click OK.
 Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

At this point, you should be ready to install XenServer, so go ahead and click Install XenServer.

You’ll then go through one final reboot, immediately after which your XenServer should be up and ready
to go. Just be sure to eject the optical media that contained your installer.
Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

Installing XenCenter
So now let me take you through the installation process for XenCenter where I can show you how to
connect it to your newly configured server. At client-side open Browser and type IP-address of server on
browser which will show you two options to install XenCenter either by using iso or by using installer.so
select installer download it .

Here’s how XenCenter looks like (see screenshot below) before any hosts, resource pools, and so on, are
added to it. To connect to the XenServer host you configured earlier, click Add a server.
 Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

Enter the IP address I asked you to take note of earlier. Also enter the password you assigned for your root
account. Click Add.

After you click OK, you’ll be brought back to the main screen, where you’ll see your XenServer already
added to XenCenter
Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

Now go to Console tab to install ubuntu and follow installation Steps.

 Sohan Shirodkar
60004160113
BE – B3

CONCLUSION:
Therefore, we have thoroughly studied implementation of virtualization using Xen Server where we first
learned to create necessary environment and parameters in order to install the server.
Once the server is successfully installed the client-side systems can log into the server link and access the
virtualized software easily. In sum, we now have achieved the knowledge of setting up and working on the
Xen installed server.