Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Specializarea Informatică
Anul 3, Sem 1
Tehnici de optimizare
Lect. univ. dr. Dumitru Dan
Problema de transport
qo
A,^
bn s4 ba 6a/+._
Cri Qa^
44
*a Q,t rt
aia' Q"'... Q;
1t Qi a- a,
d, La l*b**-l *, 'i)
4 ruJa*ucra 111Y7gttt'tqx*/!-ut
1r^^
:
xtz -- - rt,ftt \
X = (*%)i=4[,^
\z ---Y2* \ e ,,\,,^G)
0
{-G (;
)
dr.*^ M't Y Y* *
Yi,r+ XCL+ - - + Xa'^ = Q.' l^ v-
wy,nit t,
*
c:'11/'*Q
,*,,r,,qi,J4:Ai
--&f
Xi,( 7r O ,# i* A1rv^
I 3 = 'l,u
(rt^)
,AuJ" Yc-i :
'# a^N
N#;"'- " L=4
CU,o '
Uu-L
@
*" nurhrr,A ,k^L t \"^*
Afur^A^M . rt A + Y
p''I^ A .,rt
i'l*l'"\'*k ^ ^
o*ln";te ''0- 4 Fe"*/""
7\. C P'?')
ecLl!'fu^b -v- 2*M'd"^: * '*&'4'oTen'^;'
l^r^r-
g).C('r') /{v'v"-- k o
,^ pr-N
ull
A1 ,r*futkd ^'l"""tb'u Y+
P^,^onl Nafr,tLrr'
& ,,x*ri trA+at_
?*t^,ld 't^ 4nh- r ^edynorn"# ,
4
o\*+ a
%hY;;*i_;,ffi W/'""-!e
Yn,
Y?^ 4a
Y*lyl.rg-
1l*
Qn*
v$-, *t'5
€
AL
*
-l> a
dttu*q o a"t,6'"*''
a*Jw
Ar 'J"*u'*0:'' f" f
,&).fucr
,4*# ya; c6^.{ lk aft,>"^,^; rt"fi J"^,,e/.
& y+laqJ,
fta^r*rtcL X
O
j
?arwlz, & ,t-r+a ,lma /rte,I^ urJ\rr.b- €"fr ** . fiecxtct"
y.,,i > o '" -Prr X i &. Lnqa^a- v Qc"o/kz
Ae;*
fr,rrrr\r^Jtxq]oart''at'Ltczexf'"'^'*t"t'^*LA&'D
a l*'X,M'-'-:14 :r
ffi"&Wqk?^*:
ffi frQr-r*
fir*t, ^xr. 2'^ Y C @
;"&e .-
ou' c*elt""'o-_n'Le-
"A"1"*/'?tu^ilt+{u *"-llp!^ "* loo
C"lrJrL & ,1" f",)*' 2 d 3 /e< 4* An*z- u,r^ *^]tel e rye,
X ar; \% 1r^ W4
*4, X,1r'*
44= O ern er^ AU Atn
Xzn xe* u,L C.rt Cz\ Az,t a;l
4nt* Cruq Ca"n A crr,,tl An^a",
\r*,t
t
a +4 oz \ea
So
J-, T/ra('
. ,,*l "fu^'**
4o l2o * 6o =12-o
L
Ao
/L5 /t)d ,o
4o
4'"*^a*,L 4""''*^'/ah/^;*
u^1,"' ,0,n ,;h 'Akf* a'*fu^* a co'i'-
W'
,,u*l^- * ruu;pn+q/tL4 '-'bJd
hL^n '& hry#
'
a
4;'k nt'' i=TT )
,x q^,^x,L
t" xdoffifrf
*u_, (D r:
G F(d"-n-
3=
T&r^^A^ru^
* *fu* 6{*t ""lnl'['*h)'
Arr^. ,^,1-
CN^r,^l 4 =
5-l-
l_t c,Ll^x'-A
L]
i= t [:^
/\!\_
*-o
\e-A
o-
(Y n^ 4=l,nt
T t'.n
L ',Ll --*n-a )' 4-'t
-
i=t
x..7o
-An' , Oi=4t^ ,2,'=4,n"
A; .a
ft'-{ Y-t.
Qz
[.-.*a
U\
(,,^ qi
I
*&
W;
.t;y QrL,
)l*r
&,
Car.
Y*:\
.(L;
faa"^
4rn
Ci" dt(7r1,
.t
3h
s) U^r*b
/,), Ogt'r;'vw^ ry
q)
9^r
,ru, Br b, 03 9q e;rfu.l xr, = 4o
! ?
,.4 . = Zf
* tz
#n L' ,4 G5,zr
3 2 7'
lL 3{ lo { l, 16f ozL= lu
tl ?
A,
7? ', lo {o
Lor$
U?= f
Nt.a* 1o 3
{1" l€11. Io loo x3g* {o
{q, =to
X,^-- O, l, tu*
z). t\rhfuo u>t"t*,
AL ry
1
l3I /rL 'rz {t r<ur=/S
43 (o
3
'4 Z4 /o
3
?o1la *9r = 4'
t ,lo Xgl = '/o
lleqp, (ofSllo )f
1)
aN *r, =ff t /2 =3frEs=lS,
x
0a- ?s 04
0t (ot
lo, \l =
4t lf 3
3t
2-
t{
7 ,rro 6i,s", KLt= ll t \r =_
'ol lo
3
2D
,49 (o '04
+ = ?ar,
Vcu,l,- 1o,\ 1,o t{ lo
o
A
(V'dL* ,^ r,uA.z ,d* r) Ve'^"n'-O'J^1^)
4l
*,,="
0, s, s,, Vq b"qvl
\t.=9f
,4, q
*t t-S
5
t€
L
*E' 6,# 4"f *trr' I
\ /'5 /z
4L t\5
,L t< *a, t \S
*tg =' lo
{ 3
,+l ,5 {o lo ?n
*n" = \o
Flroo+ 4 o,,t6 ?{ tf tfb 4,o
N:i= o ,G r"'^/
A.^F 4 La t, tC lt l.a ttln,4.- a.RJn st.f tll +lro.1 7o- 1tt(
t). q*-,v-.ru" m*"* ;4a
ftt ,JuFh i,*/t^k elf*'*'*- e< "*'M^ A'^6o^'/'i
r/. 1^ 1zo +
T- so+ 3o+ lo + lo { 3o
2oo + lo a 2So
=
q i n o\3
.| -15 -(r"+9-z-Q'=
cc
l-Zt3-2 = o
, =C,: z-3
C,
fL. 3 4 t-
{- 3o + X-ot(otbf ("17a
)5 '/ u,',
1o
L =
(6o1(o^Z?a
4 /(o',
lo
, '03 t
uQ, -42 = f-z*t^ 3=
ft=Qtt-cz? -3.
Ql4 * c3: -cz tt Czt-tr=4^ 144-2 +4- 3 = ^ z
4o = \,,,*
f,rr= 7.^cz,t +9a-9zt 3^t+3-z^ 3
- crq* = ?- 3+t^? = -z
f,u nq = 7? -Cz3
I
r.
[2". l(n =) o4/"u.-L dia' : -3 =
t44 @ lo' C,
d
€|-ertfr- o')'i''"[oru^
,.**t"*,ltl
/
u
\o -O )+ O=s
t J
:)
+ - t-*
I
l0 +
,L
q. e
'L
Yil= ZS , Y4z= 3 t,
Y,.: o A
'a
\r=s)
:- - t'
*UAW,?'*fYk
*ltJ* *'b*eqnd rr"lrl
}] *br*f
w at *f-,r/^
flll/^,,,a cA ftau^{1'- r. ^ A- .,).,,,n,, -L0^- fu A ,ur{;colq- 07'
- It t ?o *}o
3, L ,t
,4, I fr^+.t= 4E+*o +{st
lr zS t5
n-
-n
l{ /,
9
,L
/rz .LO J
---
3
b ,/
/
;''/*
T f) gtddo&' F 4 n* uu2*"olv.,r1"q fN/"^" 'l-
-v (/ {= (8o t 5o ? zatzo<z1o
2==
=4?o * 2eo=
63:
--3:-
l=/toui'r4"rlo'r+
\-
W loo 1
(o
&"2^r'*.:;i:Ybr.
0 ,( oto
w
re@ {-
n-* 4lct ?o+Eotlo
*16,- txo+n" $1-
2rc.+64"=
ff"
4o l{to'3'
TLI
I
f,rt=C.^ * C..t Qrz- tl'= 4 -z t f- ?
=S
? {m
//E b 3
t cta- Qrrt'23 -ct3= J-z+ r -zrt-\
T+ -
4 r= t^ t*r
q: cgr- QzZ +Czg - 1l = 8-z r r- ) ={.
* >+
4a-
I :)g =Lo
1 .la
l0o + O G- 2" ^t
Tz. L 5 ttfl"t3o+??o t(ot?4o
{
9o ,{ te
,74 2lo + Z3o+z1o
/04 4lo \r" ls".
lg
/r+ 48 Ilo
| f. s-z ft- 3 = |
d tu -.- -crrt(zs-clr=
\12
ruucA,L.4>(Aa-#
?/r"N"--" "("
& C P'T') i^ Qrv on , - -', an M 'a"'*tM"'4
(g,rtr.,UA;/,^
dr-fq L^r.- ,L* ft,** Mq,4 ruec'no)*''
f
b=[a; (f,f"n "l4r-"1^/)
i=A
na
r'"e'^at)
N = iLa U*"1 '
a=^
0'r') 'ert n*4'4'/'>o/^- n"ou'"4
=> Aau b> F,
@,Ae
Dq'{'( a e il , 4o
)lrr-"rr,,'*t"'* '
bq 02 Mf.
E z
+^ 6
q 4
3
Lz
4s 4L
h3 4o
JD'(,0=5 +t+,{o= z€
WE * 44 - z
Jc&t o' 4tecazt*4 .4fr
B > *t uDP'^ to'"x'Ln u'^
-) .&,r,* k/)*.
zr-?2 = d-t'/=
B4 B2 B^
3 &,?
8 L o
44 6
4, 4 q o I
+3 ts- {z o
4o
N<ccan 8 l4 3
${. ;a W u* ^nMa- cal?"4t e N* V'
6
4z lo (,o
6
L +
IL
/o
7
o
/r/, " t: G,.
4t5 + 3 Ft 7,o
f,. Ail {
'*
o7 ,()'7 o
u,ll - (rfrt=8 *) q= 8
czl = Uz,F t(= 4 a 4z= -7
\.ZL_ Qzi \ls= 4 --7 117= 8
C37= Ul* tt= 4L.-) ut = 4
ultT3ro) qlb=-7
nt'
\ t*o
czz= U; tL= 4 -t V, =Z
cir- qs 4 Sz= l,z -) v\t =Ao
\L=-r\o'
7s' agtf3= o:)
(A^ a-O
O b o %=o L z -4o -6 o 4o
Qf,L 4 4 0 o -8
I 4 o :
+ 7 Q3'4o ,l,Z lz o -3 a o
o
%*qrrZ
,t. ,, Vi,i7 K: hr
@"lr'*\d^= -i)'€
i *r+2x.txl+ x;'t=L
*x]-Xq | *t'=
I ,*r+ xr- "
I o,u,\r\ , ,ln) , *t'ro
p-:
f,l .
Cb 0 o o 0 4 4 ,{il, cd 0 o 0 a 4 4 //il
a3 o4 a5 4r %
q b I6 alt q2_ q3 q4 qs q6
*^ cb 6 Fg at1 Q1 o
4{ 0 o 7 0 0L 4 0 4
16 vz 2/
t1
t("
4 Z 4 Z 4 4
,/b :16 -16 T3
4
+-
3a
j
4
a 3
4
3
4
Z
^4
-t 4
o
4
4 7,
'lil
o
)A
Q4
A
o 4 o
o o o 0 0 0 o
,&
{}
3 L -1 o o ,ru,
lt-4r S o o o o -4 -A u
bx. *i'c* 3
San" E
1/l --<> :
T2" ' 0 0 o 4 4
G' C2' o
a,3 qq q{ 14.
q4 0r 06
% ci S 6 //n,
"s \s B
Ll 4 o
I
al, ,1, 4
'4 4 b (b
qr qL a, o4 ta'
or\ \//L o v) 4 %
4
tl ,l 4/ ,/, _,(, 0
,/, 4 t qL
4
p
4
\ls ,ls
tr.
o t(t
CI
o '{ IL A4 o ,l -At
nl, Il, 4
3/, o Tt 1., 4
*5 ]
Lt=l i'"b o 3/
('?-
nl, Y, 0 3l x2 5 I 6 ) Sz W,
o;= 'fi - 0 0 b
I
2) []"n, n"dL^ e ,rrbl)e h^d,oA-' fr, usztaatxna
N '"!, *a^"y*t:
0,r bL D5 94 &'"f*4
*n { G L s
10
/L
2-
7 4 , (o
6 8 3 ,lO
l3 Zo
kra* so 2t 4{ lo
gl , $rt'ao bf*"
lL
fo Zo
/, '- 7 o 1 Zo
1=W @ rzo
AL t t l,q to tf
to
b /rt 3
Zorlo
'(, a lo
9c 2s {5 Lo
5 lo
to t6159 /
,lO
*=\
\o
rlo Zo
So ?s l€ 40
ZoS
y4rhao ,*b'0;':'^n^; * -0'n'
{ ,r, 6 z
7. rst 14{
qf IS {o
f _E
5
L
x', te (o
rc 1f 4=wo 4+'o
*o
+6 Lo t1 1,
5 o L5 'l'1 4o
5 ?-o
So
5
?o ,Z 43 1=a3:
,OL t
4g= z-t, + 7^e
4
,rr,
{ 4q C
6
olE (o /o ,{o ila= 3-lo +7-4
3
fzt=Z-7 t6^$= o
d.u =4-{ o+3-{ --4
:Z
f.t= 6-t+(-5+6-s
f,r"= x--3+t-3 a 7
0ir |o7 R,(1 :) ,*.,rL4t = -?:. \a
A
2o-9. ,,* , ,t'o
t-J
_t^ (- E-u
slt E=f
L-J t
t
(o,9
I
I
fru
fo V{
/rz f 3
{ =4a,_
: {2 * 6 - 6
rL 1,81 /'l (o
3
tr,4 [ =z-z + 4o-a
3 tol = ?-7 *6^{= 8-8=o
4.^
te ,/,
f,
n
l-
dL\
l-3 f(o-3{6-\= 8'
f,r-,,= tt-i+ 6- ?= 4
[ 6- lo t 3- f = - 6
7t =
q.= 6-lo+3-$=- -S
(,4q =)
6=- c,
So-Er e+ Er? &='S
I
L----)
lt
J s*o
,%
1d
{
,t{
6
," /o +a_
,
"\," 0,0 a'
/lo
f
u17 = 2-?+lo-3=6
o
7'\l/,, t{ ^r - 2-716-s
7 =o
'tl
dl. = 1-T*lo-?+/-3=
8
4
{- - 4sol.
4l furwl,r"!^ rrL-'T# 1"&*A 'auta4c' "t'y,o^^/^'y''
r"rrLe-L
W ta^e);
ry ^>'';y'^4
8^
3
8z
2
B3
L
q
,4a 6o
*L
( t (
+"
t{rcn-o 4" 5o 4o
,M.,
d"
/,2
tro f - ?-6+s-z=-4
ot3
io fo (o
n 4,--stz-3= -L o_
LI
(\.* 4.n = - z= 4_q
f,riP '7 B,Nqi :)
I
d
4o*3 e-- 2o 1@
t
t t fr=3o'
.V I
O ----) 3o^ @
4f-. - 13o
?,2 r- A=-3
"1,9'^;r
^f
| =S-4+3-?=-L
UZL
n --? ,-tj
i-r,? P'Nu! :) fYt."l.l'^ dt;
0
--)-
"['
E-- g
[o-S + S ={o
\
1"- t
I
\U
3o + tr
t = 16
o
f,nn=3-Z+6-4=9
4.r=9-6+t-?=-L
,l "? P, Kq! -)
f,,-B rv^^a.J)lr = - 't= et
5o -!B-^e--'b+ta F=3o
J ) ?'-a
T
+
I =4E.
/rG tn = 7- ? t r-4='L
ok!
7
4g= 6'r+ 2-t=4
f.ga"^rq F *"(4e in*o(o- c*\ ,**r4, ,&.!rfr, ^"r^^,^ f 4^.ir,
6o +-0t- 5,{ o
4o {n= 1^tt*-l=3
loo
r'
d4s 3-t+1-4:f
7o to 9o 4z= f-1+l-?=-?
tr= 6_+4 t-z= 4
4"^t -=--)
t
+ * =2-
I I
?o* V?- Zo -9
e L
6o
,l
lqJ
,4 1
+ = 4s"
(
;'w
rLo 2p
'{o
4^= 4- t
+ s- I =
d=
bZ
?-t+ Z- s=J-
6) ehh",^t n
dtu,f*,t, ^4.
A\We}
1*
t 6 z
5o
3 L 4
So
1s So
g, 5o,lS { = [+s+3o+3o+
f=36o
5 o ,{ fir= L*4+z-6=4-+=-?
o"^= ? *L+-6- s - L
%5 $o
> ov 5r r
'l{
f,;-: 7 "?, L N" -) r^ur^
4{= -z=[^t
0
\
tS-Q.----*tr >) .S- t
tt
lrs+
IJ,
t a- 5- V
(o *(oo
*=t+s *6o'l =34f
5 z
Z{ lo €
//,
//
3
{o
L
h
'rr
4-*r r-z*6-s=L
or a<
f ry fk*-rc*'
( L
-L 4o
t
q q +
Io
4
{o
fi'( \ c
=:-' 1o (o q 1o, t" d = C, tlo + td- t 44-1.lo = 3 fo
(r +
1,3 4o 6r,(" 4, ?-1+ (t* l,= 6-E
,,L
= --L
,,? (o
{o
(o 50 Zo trr=1^4+t-z= lo ^ d = 4
)o Qo q.= Z*t+?*t=4-Z=7
Er= 9- ++ q- f+ ?^4 =4s-9= 6
4d ).o', LU^
:-) ** {j = dtl=-2.
{o
tr
-S --*>
l.l/
@
U
4r l9e-- fo -
/t**
; *r,='o )
o xzj= (o Y..-
' O -t*
*\9= to i\ .=f i LA -
a
&,ur.;i,l,n lo
fM|A*^ a, *>a"*fY>*
"^<eJ"/'*ts*
A) L* (, t) ^""-0'"'!'"1'tnk '
B4 aL B3 4t"v.
L 4 7
,+4 ?o
z1 2
4
4, 4o
l<coaa+ Zo 7" 6o
N.h loo
Vo 41o -
N= ?."14o *6o = 4?o
b< N =) 1D"^ c*,^ri"&tza u^ *Tv+i* {e* l, ' ^! c;l'"'^'',,'^ *f*44
,*, N- b= lZo'/oo'=Zo 9' / ' cNt-L 6=4"+4 ',"* k'W'
84 a2 e.0 a"f
2 l 3
lr,\ 7o
q L
*2 4
tu
o o o
*, Zo
N<uarn ?n 1o 6o
'o!;
W.,w$*la ,r",.r*Aa c84'-{'- "(' N-V'
^
?. '\ n, ^l//, #t a/t o
3
/1, t lo (o
L
L/r 4/", o
4 =zfo
,/l o or o
2 /, 2n ,y't,
4A cp
/ ,ru
o 'r/d
'o o
(/o 'ro %
Ctz= 4n* 11.= A =) tt= 4 e 77^ LIL*\=.
LZt,= qzf \f > 4 --) lr,t = -Z
-) %: -4
- Un+tla-O -) Ug:L_
^ ( "77
erL* VZt Dz= -t @*q;3 Ll4=- o
Xo lb\ TF'2 tz= 4 q=- Aia=q-qr
o bo o 114=_Z O 4 -4 -t o -_
-q
2o Ao 4o 'lq.*z 4 7 2 o o
O o 2o 'lur-'n -4 Z o -4 Z ,l
twet* \A = z= as.
A?3 G--T" __>?=t,;\,,. 4
'r3
,-\= Ao=) \o= ,Z
Y ) ?o-\ b (/ '1 trZ ;t=4so
o o
lr'\"
C^r= Qn*tr-. A a\= ,l o-
3z = ilA * 1fz= O :) U.o=
-4
C?^
= Q.t\: 4=1
'ttn=O
":3
= rre+ 113
= O :) lt= 4
C..T - Qrl 0s= L -7 \z= 4 k4 = o
s\i g, CttL
l3 }o, Lo /r{ L 3
9 ?-o /'1 , ,/, ,.6
? z9 ({ lor(r
L q
7
5o
1
6a,50
4r
6
+o
(,
E
'/n
4
/f
tr
$orir
or
7ro o-l
t/
(/ '(, TO
Zf
\o
{o
,
0
r /oo a"l ,{o, y
$o 4E Qo fo 4r 2f 6o
t{ lo ,{o { { 4{
(o ? { '/ort o
?o,'?-o L '/ /74
43 4{ Z9 /7 7' )4,
$cr7€
4o
6
LO
E
h4 t, I $o,20
,/, o
{a
0,, o {oo 0,o ,(o
co +9 LS $o
"s5 q6 5o ts Z' Eo
lo \o 3,
u
{o
*,r\o
' J----- *,
Q*,,"u+**^ N.,e,a
17/
aW*,,* c4 tu,qfua ,"4/.r/^,d, il- t/
/ir= 2- 4*L- e ^ -3
f,ro= 3- t1 + 4-,t + ?- 6: 6-t't--O ,uu/)'r^=
- s=
a A
4q=9-246^t= L zo^b _*
[rrr= lr^4+4-\=-o T
4,= 6-t+4^L+6^s:r I /
sst'<--
*=J :^ri:,:, ?+6^s=3
"1* i
+^4-i+t_z=Z ? so-
lt+V O-
C
"4L =o-o
[r=o-o+q-t=?- r)-= t,
t + =63"
5o f /,2 f{
Z //a 7
a3 7o '/4
4
{r= Z-b+/,-/.=- 6^tr=-L
/rC & 4
7// '//,
//, o to
3t4 4r:3-zlG-s=g-*=z
0to o
t4
'io 4r= I-,1'l-4-3 l6-2:44- d-;r
f '=-A-\ts6-L-
ozh \
lo' =S' 5 JC -: 4. = -3
^^^-.: -6o
3-1=-o g- Cr e--- tfit u
8,: 6-4+\-t=
gr* S - 4+\-6 = 4t -i.o: I I
1
J, I
&^=o-o;)-r=--L B Ao' 0.
tlr= O-o +7-O =O
f,r"ro o^o "ptr-tt="4
5o
4t,, a 'r, ' Lo
3
+,il 64I ,
( rt4 L
q,
4,7 lo ,1,
6os
A
rh''e< /L'oL''
7,,
?tG
e.)
^** ! =
/ It( ^ {
tr
4--'
I
P"NW AD,-t. f&tu. & fr'^"'"f'tf &eul'nA'(v\a'*d '
5 7 ?
G
lo
3 z 4 q
+o
b E 3 I ?ol
EO +5 ZS {o x
,,&
ar=
:
Af -V. C HT:
*o ,zo
1-o,z o
v") 49
k,4s
+o) 6ot {o
b, 1o)to
7t ?-r fo
5o fo Ir Zr fo io
t{ {o
3o )o
J, , +zc- + = ]0r
rtt /r6 7{
/y,
L
E{
3
{/o 70,4r
h3
b
t;
{8 0re f4
'r,
(o' l,o lo
o
(
lo To,6r,l5;{o
fo_
L€'; lo
;*;
L -6rs
t--
CHC:
/,t
u' to
?_
6 1',45
ot/ Sg 4{
L ,rn, 4 /o ,L
5o ?-o t7 ]o,?o +=l(o
o
TG ,,rr, d 1
?o, 6ol {o
/4, (" lo
5o
,o 7t ZS $o lo
Dftt^,,"e* oJ u$"""b o''- C HT
[^r= 6^tt6-s= -4
4, =z-,{ <-z-8 *6'f:(o-44=-4
[iE:o^o+6-5-={
q, =5- z{^8- 6-3
[-o = 4^3
+t-6+8-t-= &^/,l'2-(
,f
uzs-=o-1-f 8-o= C
ii^l+ ?-3=^\
Q,
o
[rr: 4*5+s-6 =
J,'^'ro?' fAl