GSM Frequency Planning Issue2 PDF

GSM Frequency
Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
5. Concentric Cell Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. Frequency Planning Basic
1.1 Frequency Resource of GSM System
1.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse
1.3 Reuse Density
1.4 C/I Ratio
Frequency Resource of GSM System
890 915 935 960

P-GSM 900 :
Duplex distance : 45 MHz
1710 1785 1805 1880

DCS 1800 :
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
Frequency Resource of GSM System
Frequency Range Uplink Downlink
ARFCN
Spectrum (MHz) Frequency Value Frequency Value
890~915
P-GSM900 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 1≦n ≦ 124 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
935~960
880~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 ≦ n ≦ 124

E-GSM900 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
925~960 Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) 975 ≦ n ≦ 1023
876~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 ≦ n ≦ 124

R-GSM900 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
921~960 Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) 955 ≦ n ≦ 1023
1710~1785
DCS1800 Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 885 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
1805~1880
1850~1910
PCS1900 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
1930~1990
Concept of Frequency Reuse
Macro-cell system {fi,fj..fk}
d
Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk}
Example of Frequency Reuse
 Frequency resource is limited. If there is 8MHz frequency
resource, 8 MHz = 40 channels × 8 timeslots = 320
 Max. 320 users can access the network at the same time.
 If every frequency is reused N times

 Max. 320×N uses can access the network at the same time.
Reuse Density
 The spectrum utilization ratio can be expressed by frequency reuse
density (freuse), which reveals the tightness of the frequency reuse and
can be expressed by the following equation
N ARFCN
f reuse
N TRX
 NARFCN is the total number of the available channel numbers,
 NTRX is the number of TRXs configured for the cell.
Question
(1) Frequency bandwidth is 12MHZ, if frequency reuse density
is 4x3,each cell has how many TRX?
(2) Frequency bandwidth is 6MHZ, if frequency reuse density

is 2x3,each cell has how many TRX?
Reuse Density
 Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse cluster.
 For the n x m frequency reuse pattern,

f reuse n m
 n: The number of BTSs in the reuse clusters
 m: The number of the cells under each BTS.
Tighter reuse Looser reuse

0 12 20
Higher frequency reuse efficiency, Little interference,

but interference is serious. but frequency reuse efficiency is low.
More technique is needed.
4×3 Frequency Reuse
C1 C2
A1
A2 C3
C1 D1
C2 D2
A3
A1 A2
B1
B2
C1 C2
C3 D3
D1 A1
A3 D2 A2
B1 B3 C3
C1 D1 D2
B2 D3 C2 A3
A1 B1
B3 A2 B2
C1 C2 C3 D1 D3
A3 D2 B3
A1 A2 B1
C3 B2
D1 D3
D2 C1 C2
A3 B3 A1
B1 B2
D3 A2 C3 D1
B3 D2
A3 B1
B2 D3
B3
Requirement for C/I Ratio
All useful signals Carrier

C/I = All useless signals = Interference
Useful signal Noise from environment
Other signals
Requirement for C/I Ratio
C/I in Actual Project

Interference C/I
(3 dB margin is needed )
Co-channel ≥ 9dB ≥ 12dB
Adjacent-channel ≥- 9dB ≥- 6dB
Carrier offset reaches 400 KHz ≥- 41dB
Exercise
?dB< Cell B fre 5

Cell D fre 3 ?dB<
Cell A fre 5
?dB<
-70dB
Cell C fre 4
Contents
Example of 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse
 Hereunder are several assumptions
The available bandwidth is 10MHz. The channel number is 45~94
 BCCH 81~94 (14 channel numbers in total, 81~82 are reserved)
 The other channel numbers are allocated to TCH

Frequency group
A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3
number
94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83
Channel Number 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69
of Each
Frequency Group 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57
56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45
 So the maximum base station configuration is S4/4/4, and the

frequency reuse density is 12.5 (50/4 = 12.5)
4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Conclusion
 The 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is a basic technology applied in frequency planning.
Which must be applied to the BCCH in frequency aggressive reuse technologies
 If the network capacity needs to be further expanded, the following measures can be
taken:
 Split a cell into smaller cells.
 Utilize new frequency resources. For example, you can establish a DSC 1800MHz
network.
 Under the current 900MHz network, use more tight frequency reuse technology to
expand the network capacity.
 At present, the tight frequency reuse technology works as the most economical and
convenient way to expand the network capacity, so it is also the most popular with
carriers.
 The typical frequency reuse technology includes 3 x 3, 2 x 6, 2 x 3, 1 x 3, and 1 x 1.
Contents
1 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern
 1 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is also called
fractional reuse.
 For 1 x 3 or 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern,
the reuse distance is quite small, so the A1
A2
interference in the network is quite great. A1
A2
Therefore, to avoid frequency collision, you A3
A1
A3 A2
must use RF hopping technology and set the A1
A2
parameters, including MA (mobile allocation), A3
HSN (hopping sequence number), and A3
MAIO (mobile allocation index offset). The
ratio of number of the TRXs to that of the
available frequency hopping is FR LOAD
(generally, it is smaller than 50%).
 If the available bandwidth is 10MHz ,the channel numbers are 45~94
 For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 81~94, frequency reuse pattern is 4×3
 For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 45~80, frequency reuse pattern is 1×3
Frequency group number Channel number MAIO
A 80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47 0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10 space
B 79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 58, 55, 52,49, 46 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 grouping
C 78, 75, 72, 69, 66, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51, 48, 45 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10

A 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73,72, 71, 70, 69 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 sequence
B 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 grouping
C 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
 Because FR LOAD 1 to 2, if the bandwidth is 10MHz, the maximum base station

type can be configured as S7/7/7. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.14
Example of 1×3 Frequency Reuse
 Suppose 900 band: 96～124
 BTS configuration: S3/3/3
 BCCH layer: 96～109 reuse pattern: 4×3
 TCH layer: 110～124 reuse pattern: 1×3
TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA2 MA3 (115,117)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA2 MA3 (115,117)
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA2 MA3 (115,117)
MAIO
CELL1(MA1) 110 111 112 113 114 0,2
CELL2(MA2) 115 116 117 118 119 0,2
CELL3(MA3) 120 121 122 123 124 0,2
TCH Interval Allocation Scheme
Cell1 Cell1
MA1 (110,113) MA1 (110,113)
Cell3 Cell2 Cell2

(124,112) MA2 MA3 (117,120) Cell3
MA3 (117,120)
(124,112) MA2
Cell1
MA1 (110,113)
Cell3 Cell2
(124,112) MA2 MA3 (117,120)
MAIO
CELL1(MA1) 110 113 116 119 122 0,1
CELL2(MA2) 111 114 117 120 123 2,3
CELL3(MA3) 112 115 118 121 124 4,0
The Characteristics of the 1 x 3
 The frequencies are more tightly reused, so the network capacity is great.
 When planning a network, only need to plan BCCH, while it’s unnecessary to re-
plan frequencies. So the efficiency for network planning is high.
 Wideband combiner must be used, but the cavity combiner with frequency
selectivity is inapplicable.
 Co-channel and neighbor channel interference increases as the frequency reuse
distance decreases.
 RF hopping must be used, and the channel numbers participating frequency
hopping is twice that of the number of carriers at least.
 In actual conditions, BCCH cannot take measures, such as RF hopping, DTX, and
power control, therefore, in order to ensure network quality, BCCH can only use
the looser 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
 One cell of one base station forms a frequency reuse cluster
 If the available bandwidth is 6MHz ,the channel numbers are 96~124
 For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 111~124, frequency reuse pattern is 4×3
 For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 96~110, frequency reuse pattern is 1×1

A 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 0,2,4
B 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 6,8
C 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 10,12
 the maximum base station type can be configured as S4/3/3 under 1 x 1
frequency reuse pattern. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is
7.25/9.67/9.67, so the average value is 8.86.
 Therefore, the maximum base station configuration under 1 x 1 frequency reuse

pattern is the same as that under 1 x 3 frequency reuse space grouping
pattern, so is the network capacity.
1×3 and 1×1
1BCCH+12TCH
BCCH14+TCH36：
1×3
1BCCH+12TCH 1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+TCH
1×1
4×3
Illustration of 1×3 or 1×1
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
The red items are BCCH RCs
Contents
Conception of MRP Technology
 According to multiple reuse pattern (MRP), the carriers are
divided into several groups.
 The carries in each group work as an independent

layer, and each layer uses a different frequency reuse
pattern.
 During frequency planning, configure the carriers layer by

layer, with reuse density increases layer by layer, as shown
in the next slide.
Conception of MRP Technology
Example of MRP
 Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
 Supposing there are 300 cells
 Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
 Normal 4×3 reuse: reuse density=12

 Network capacity = (40/12)×300 = 1000 TRX
 Multiple reuse:
BCCH layer: re-use =12, (14 frq.)
Normal TCH layer: re-use =10, (20 frq.)
Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6, (6 frq.)
 Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)×300 = 1200 TRX
Example of MRP
 Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
 Supposing there are 300 cells
 Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
 Normal 4×3 reuse: reuse density=12

 Network capacity = (40/12)×300 = 1000 TRX
 Multiple reuse:
BCCH layer: reuse density=12, (14 frequency)
Normal TCH layer: reuse density=10, (20 frequency)
Aggressive TCH layer: reuse density= 6, (6 frequency)
 Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)×300 = 1200 TRX
Contents
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
 In the GSM network, concentric cell technology is used to divide the
service area into two parts: overlaid and underlaid.
 Essentially, the concentric cell technology concerns channel allocation and
handover, but when combining this technology with various frequency
planning technologies, both expand network capacity can be improved
network quality.
Overlaid-cell
Underlaid-cell
Overlaid/Underlaid Frequency Configuration
Super fn Super fn Super fn

Regular fm Regular fm Regular fm
BCCH 15f Regular 24f Super 12f
BCCH TRX reuse density: 12

Regular TCH TRX reuse density: 12
Super TCH TRX reuse density: 6
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
 Generally, 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is used for the underlaid. For
overlaid, the frequency reuse patterns, such as 3 x 3, 2 x 3, or 1 x 3, are
used. Therefore, all carriers can be divided into two groups, one for
underlaid, and the other one for overlaid.
Underlaid Overlaid
Contents
Contents
6.1 Classification of hopping
6.2 Advantages of hopping
6.3 Parameter of hopping
6.4 Collocation of hopping data
Frequency Hopping
Advantages of Hopping
 Get an agreeable radio environment.
 Provide a similar communication quality for every user.
 Tighter reuse patterns are possible to be used for larger

capacity.
Frequency Diversity of Hopping
Smoothen the rapid fading (Rayleigh fading)
Interference Diversity of Hopping
Smoothen and average the interference
Classification of Hopping
 According to implementation mode
 Base-band hopping
 RF hopping
 According to the minimum hopping time unit

 Timeslot hopping
 Frame hopping
Base Band Hopping Principle
FH bus
 BCCH carrier attends hopping, on which TS0 can not attend hopping
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7 ARFCN
TRX0 No Hopping 5(BCCH carrier)
TRX1 10(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20} MA={5,10,15,20}
 BCCH carrier does not attends hopping
TRX0 No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping 5(BCCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
RF Hopping Principle
RF Hopping Principle
 BCCH carrier does not attends hopping
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7
TRX0 No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping (BCCH carrier)
TRX1 MA={10,15,20}
(TCH
TRX2 MA={10,15,20}
carrier)
TRX3 MA={10,15,20}
Classification of Hopping
 Frame hopping
 Frequency changes every TDMA frame.
 The different channel of one TRX uses the same MAIO.
 Timeslot hopping
 Frequency changes every timeslot.
 The different channel of one TRX uses the different MAIO.
Frame Hopping
•RF hopping and baseband hopping without BCCH carrier
Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 ……
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
One TRX (none BCCH carrier) hopping on 5 frequencies
Timeslot Hopping
•5 timeslots on 1 TRX hopping on 5 frequencies
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Hopping Parameters
 All the parameters which are related to hopping are
configured in Cell Attributes/Frequency Hopping.
 Hopping mode: the mode used by the BTS system

 No hopping
 Base band hopping
 RF hopping
Hopping Parameters
 HSN：Hopping Sequence Number（0～63）
 HSN=0：cycle hopping.
 HSN≠0：random hopping. Every sequence number

corresponds a pseudo random sequence.
Hopping Parameters
 MA (Mobile Allocation Set):
 MA is the set of available RF bands when hopping, containing at most 64
frequency carriers. The frequency being used must be those of the available
frequency
 MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset)

 MAIO is used to define the initial frequency of the hopping.
 Be careful to configure the MAIO of same timeslot in all channels, otherwise
interference occurs.
 MAI (Mobile Allocation Index)

 At the air interface, the frequency used on a specific burst is an element in MA
set. MAI is used for indication, referring to a specific element in the MA set.
 MAI is the function of TDMA FN, HSN and MAIO.
Example of MAIO
TRX0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 5(BCCH carrier)

No Hopping
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10(TCH carrier)
TRX1
TRX2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 15(TCH carrier)
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 0 1 2 3 0
1 1
2
MA1={10,15,20} 2 2 2 2
MA2={5,10,15,20} 2 2
MAIO 0 13 2 0 1
MAIO 02 1 2 33 0 1
2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
MAIO MAI
Example of MAIO
TRX0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 5(BCCH carrier)

No Hopping
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10(TCH carrier)
TRX1
TRX2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 15(TCH carrier)
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 0 1 2 3 0
TRX4 1 1 510(TCH carrier)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 0 1 2 3 0 1
2 1
TRX6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 520(TCH carrier)
TRX7 1 2 0 1 2 3 525(TCH carrier)
0 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
MA1={10,15,20}
2 3 0 1 2 3 0
MA2={5,10,15,20}
1 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
MA3={510,515,520,525}
3 0 1 2 3 0 1
2 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
0 1 2 3 0 1 2
Example of MAIO
• 5 TRXs separately belongs to the same MA hopping on 5
frequencies, and uses same HSNs
5
10
15
20
25
MA={5,10,15,20,25}
Example of Hopping Parameters
• 8 timeslots of 1 TRX separately belongs to different MAs hopping
on 5 frequencies, and uses different HSNs.
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Example of Hopping Parameters
• 5 TRXs separately belongs to different MAs hopping on 5
frequencies, and uses different HSNs
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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GSM Frequency

Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse

1.3 Reuse Density

1.4 C/I Ratio

890 915 935 960

1710 1785 1805 1880

880~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 ≦ n ≦ 124

876~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 ≦ n ≦ 124

Macro-cell system {fi,fj..fk}

 If every frequency is reused N times

 NTRX is the number of TRXs configured for the cell.

(2) Frequency bandwidth is 6MHZ, if frequency reuse density

 For the n x m frequency reuse pattern,

 m: The number of the cells under each BTS.

Tighter reuse Looser reuse

Higher frequency reuse efficiency, Little interference,

All useful signals Carrier

Useful signal Noise from environment

C/I in Actual Project

Co-channel ≥ 9dB ≥ 12dB

Adjacent-channel ≥- 9dB ≥- 6dB

Carrier offset reaches 400 KHz ≥- 41dB

?dB< Cell B fre 5

The available bandwidth is 10MHz. The channel number is 45~94

 BCCH 81~94 (14 channel numbers in total, 81~82 are reserved)

 The other channel numbers are allocated to TCH

 So the maximum base station configuration is S4/4/4, and the

Frequency group number Channel number MAIO

 Because FR LOAD 1 to 2, if the bandwidth is 10MHz, the maximum base station

 BTS configuration: S3/3/3

 BCCH layer: 96～109 reuse pattern: 4×3

 TCH layer: 110～124 reuse pattern: 1×3

CELL1(MA1) 110 111 112 113 114 0,2

CELL2(MA2) 115 116 117 118 119 0,2

CELL3(MA3) 120 121 122 123 124 0,2

Cell3 Cell2 Cell2

CELL1(MA1) 110 113 116 119 122 0,1

CELL2(MA2) 111 114 117 120 123 2,3

CELL3(MA3) 112 115 118 121 124 4,0

 If the available bandwidth is 6MHz ,the channel numbers are 96~124

Frequency group number Channel number MAIO

 Therefore, the maximum base station configuration under 1 x 1 frequency reuse

TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7

TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7

TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21

TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21

The red items are BCCH RCs

 The carries in each group work as an independent

 During frequency planning, configure the carriers layer by

 Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)

 Normal 4×3 reuse: reuse density=12

 Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)

 Normal 4×3 reuse: reuse density=12

Super fn Super fn Super fn

BCCH 15f Regular 24f Super 12f

BCCH TRX reuse density: 12

6.2 Advantages of hopping

6.3 Parameter of hopping

6.4 Collocation of hopping data

 Provide a similar communication quality for every user.

 Tighter reuse patterns are possible to be used for larger

Smoothen the rapid fading (Rayleigh fading)