Experiment No.

: 4

Aim: Development of screens for SCADA using SCADA software.

Hardware: The PLC Simulator kit, Wires and PC with simulator.

Theory: SCADA generally refers to an industrial computer system that monitors and

controls a process. In the case of the transmission and distribution elements of electrical

utilities, SCADA will monitor substations, transformers and other electrical assets.

We can interface all three automation tools ; PLC-DCS –SCADA. Here we are verifying our

PLC logic with SCADA screens. Program sequence of PLC logic can be viewed on SCADA

screen. Following is the sequence shown for which one can write PLC program and verify it

using SCADA screen using actual plant symbols.

Result:

A pictorial representation display on Scada Screen.

 Experiment No. : 9

1. Aim: To study Distributed Control System (DCS) and DCS programming using Function Block Diagram
method.

The blocks in DCS Programming can be identified which are of different types having useful functions.

3. Hardware: PC with coep virtual lab having a DCS programming simulator.

4. Theory: Functional Block Diagram (FBD) Basics: This language basically is a graphical language wherein
the users are allowed to program elements in the form of blocks. The blocks then can be wired together
like electrical circuits. It describes a function between input and output variables. It is a graphical
method of programming DCS. Functional algorithms and control strategies for a particular plant can be
implemented by FBD. The control modules are treated as unique entity in DCS system. Each function
block contains specific algorithm such as AI, AO, DI, DO, PID and the parameters required for the
algorithm. Function blocks ranges from simple input conversion block to a complex control strategy.
Generally available Function blocks are:  Input/ Output (I/O)  Math  Logical  Timer/ Counter 
Analog Control  Advanced control

The description of the various parameters associated with this block:  Definition name: This is the name
by which the block is identified in the library.  Usage name: This name can be user defined as per
his/her convension.  Parameters: These are part of the function block available for standard
connection.  Execution number: The number by which the function block is executed. Following
functions blocks are generally available in the libraries. 1. Input Output library  Analog Input  Analog
Output  Discrete Input  Discrete Output  Pulse Input 2. Math Library  Add  Comparator  Divide 
Multiply  Subtract  Absolute value  Integrator
3. Logical Library  And  Or  Condition  Not  Negative Edge Trigger  Positive Edge Trigger 
Multiplexer  De multiplexer 4. Timer / Counter Library  On Delay Timer  Off Delay Timer  Counter 
Retentive Timer  Timed Pulse 5. Analog Control Library  Input Selector  Limit  PID  Ratio  Ramp 
Filter  Scalar  Signal Characterizer  Signal Generator  Signal Selector  Splitter Following functions
blocks are generally available in the libraries. 1. Input Output library  Analog Input  Analog Output

 Discrete Input  Discrete Output  Pulse Input 2. Math Library  Add  Comparator  Divide  Multiply
 Subtract  Absolute value  Integrator 3. Logical Library  And  Or  Condition  Not  Negative Edge
Trigger  Positive Edge Trigger  Multiplexer  De multiplexer 4. Timer / Counter Library  On Delay
Timer  Off Delay Timer  Counter  Retentive Timer  Timed Pulse 5. Analog Control Library  Input
Selector  Limit  PID

 Ratio  Ramp  Filter  Scalar  Signal Characterizer  Signal Generator  Signal Selector  Splitter 6.

Analog Input function Block Analog Input (AI) Function Block accesses a single Analog measurement
value and its status on the AI channel. In manual mode, when AI block is configured, input has to be in
engineering units as well as output is indicated in engineering units on the screen. In automatic mode,
output of the block will reflect process variable value. Input to the block could be 4-20mA or digitally
communicated variable from HART based transmitter. Analog Output function Block - Analog output
(AO) function block assigns any output value to a field devices like control valve through a specific AO
channel. In manual mode, the output parameter value can be set manually. In automatic mode, OUT is
set automatically based on set point and process variable value in engineering units. A feedback can also
be set for the output parameter.

Discrete (digital) Input (DI) Function Block The Discrete Input (DI) Function blocks accesses a single
digital input value with its status between two states of the field devices. The block gives processed
physical input for other function blocks. In automatic mode, Process variable is copied to output which
can be either 0 or 1. In manual mode, the digital input can be toggled manually and output follows the
same.
Discrete (digital) Output (DO) Function Block Digital Output block takes value from the process and
writes it to specific digital output channel. One can confirm physical output operation by configuring a
hardware discrete input to it. In automatic mode, when the signal from process changes the output of
the block which will be connected to AO channel which in turn connects to field outputs e.g a solenoid
valve, changes.

Discrete (digital) Output (DO) Function Block Digital Output block takes value from the process and
writes it to specific digital output channel. One can confirm physical output operation by configuring a
hardware discrete input to it. In automatic mode, when the signal from process changes the output of
the block which will be connected to AO channel which in turn connects to field outputs e.g a solenoid
valve, changes.