J CHAPTER I

* a v y a y i b h a v a c o m p o u n d *

m m „

rv i-u‘
:--''^''!Vc;

, ^>:-j
 1

1 . p . X X . 1 . 5 . •» O T g y X b h i y a h (g apjjiah )

<3>. follow*.

T h is i« a s o c t i o n •> h e a d i n g r u l o . Xt states that the

d e r i v a t i v e o f two o r m ore e a s e - i n f l e c t e d w o r d s

d e r i v e d by t h e f o l l o w i n g ro les is an a w a v l l ^ a v a .

T h i s new M o d i f i e r a w a v l b h a v a does n o t cancel the

p reced ing s e c t io n - h e a d in g z u l e sanaasa. So t h e d e r i v a t i v e

o f two o r more c a s e « > in fle c t e d w o r d s i s called sanasa

as w ell as a w a v l b h a v a . k n ew m o d i f i e r i n t i o d a c e d «s

an s e c t io n - h e a d in g r u l e d o e s n o t c a n c e l an o l d h e a d

i n t r o d u c e d as an a d h i k a r a . The general and s p e c ia l

adh iki^as w h ic h show h e a d - s io d ifie r r e l a t i o n a re alw ays

c o m p atib le w it h e ac h o t h e r . Thus th e ^s p e c ia l adhlkara

does n o t cancel the g en eral adhlkara. The lim it o f l^is

s e c t io n - h e a d in g r u le i s not m e n tio n e d . But ano th er

s e c t io n - h e a d in g r u l e t a t p u r u s a i s m e n t io n e d i n P . X X . 1 . 2 2 .

T h e s e two t e a i n i c a l term s a r e n o t a l l o w e d to b e c o - a p p lie a b ll

as both these r u le s are read u nd er the a d h l k a r a idcamalna

P .X .4 .1 . T h e r e fo r e * the la t t e r i . e . ta tP u ru sa w ill

p rev ail o v er the a dhlkara a w a v i b h a v a by P . X . t . 2 . 8o

it iiq p lies t h a t t h i s adh ik^a rule a w a v ib h a v a

has l i m i t u pto P .X X .1 .2 1 .

1. See F A > pp.l7«-177.

 2

2. P .I I .4 .1 8 - a v y a y lb h a ¥ a s ca

( napum aakam )

And an a v v a v lb h a v a cp. la u a e d in n e u t e r g e n d e r .

H ere the p a r t i c l e ca reln fo rcea the Item napum aakam

from t h e p r e v i o u s rule.

3. P .l l .l .i - avyayam v lb h a k tlaa m lp a sam rtd h lv y rd d h y -

a r t h a b h a v a t v a y a a a m p r a t l^ a b d a p r e d u r fa h a v a p a s c a d y a t h a n u p u r ^

w ayauctapadyaaadrava a a m p a t t l s a k a l y a n t a v a c a n e gu

(aam aaah a up a avy ay lbhav ah }

An in d e c lin a b le * a v y a y a * c o n v e y in g t h e s e n s e of near,

p r o s p e r it y # a d v e r s ity * absence of a thin g, departure#

n o t now , t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f some s o u n d , after, a cc o rd in g

to, order of a r r a n g e m e n t, a lm ultan eou s, lik e n e ss,

p o ssessio n, to ta lity a nd t e z m l n a t i o n Is com pounded v l t h

a w ord e n d i n g I n a case- > afflx w h ic h la sem a n tic a lly

connected w ith It j«r»d the c p . Is c a l l e d a v y a y ib h a v a .

1) a d h ld a lv a t a m • on the s u b je c t o f th e d e i t y '• T h is

Is an exm n ple o f v l a a y a s a p t a m l .

y a n tnadhye k r s n am mandalara tat sara Ity

a dhldalvatO T. (ja l. Br.2 .2 8 .)

A lso In M . U £ , 4 . 4 . «>nd ^am . l r . su. 1 6 .2 0 .2 .)

1. see PCA. p . 65.

 3

2) ttpakSlaai *Mmr th« bank*

akal» kupan khatra prohati.
(J a l. o r .^ . 2 .S i 4 )

A la o I n J a l . Br. 3 .2 4 7 .

deyalokayu .

T a l > A» 1 .4 .3

A la o l a Bha. Of .s u . 3 .1 4 .2 1

2
4) nirarthaw 'without purpoaa*.

tu n a a ah a nln^t^g aaccha.

( T al. S . 4 .1 0 .3 )

1. Kara tha daacrlption of dawy aaason la mantlonad.

Dua to want of rain it la vaxy difficult to gat
watar la tha haavan. savana*a commantary followa
thus s avwi t atra aiairaeya 1 akaanaa ucrata.
*davalokayu • antarlkyabhagaau *udaka»*« *durbhlkywi*
bhlkyltum api durlabham, taaain rtau vrfta« abharat.

2. Orott) atK>uld g o w i t h t h a a * a n a m ia a p u i p o a o l a a a l y .

sSyaoa aaya ^ V »auna* aatrupa a a h a tv a w *itlrartham

gaccha* p rav o ian ab h a v n a i . t a d i v a pravo lan aia rai

k u rw ity a rth a h •
5} ■ nu cch an daaaa 'a c o o r d i a ? t o t h e n a t r * *

•• • • • up«pr«yatno adhvar— itl sa d b h ir

wucchandaaaw a a ^ h i r a y p ttara b h lr aqn lP «y a«an obhlr

hiM v a n o y a a g T O P a t i g t h a t a * a n a a y u w al p a y a a a ’ cma

EtfagLg •••
( B a u .^ r . s u * 3 * 8 .3 )

▼ atharthu - Thera are fo u r a ea n in g s o f yath a t

1) O o r r a s p o n d a n c e « 11) a a c c e s s l o n ,

ill) n o t p a s s i n g b a y o n d s o m e t h in g a n d

!▼) llk an ess.

6) a n u r u D «B *ln acco rdance w ith *

itfra y«i"?.fYisitf5pje !S£iZ£ta

(H a l , sem 3 . 1 . 4 )

7) pratyarthai • a cc o rd in g to e ac h o b je c t *

l?gP«a?S iSL «*h4e25bSlS!lSl

t a s a t k«iO»?p.adefgh g j t .

Otlis «su. 6 .1 .3 ) .

8) yathaaaktl 'a c c o r d i n g to o n e ' s c ap acity .

(T a l. A . 1 .3 2 .3 )

1. After the completion of study the student should give

mllch-cow or a brass vessel for eating or clothes to
his teacher. Zf he is unable to give these things* he
has to give something according to his own capacity.
Here swan a says - krtsnadhyayanasva samaptav acarvaya
dhenur dakyli^a* deva. bholanarthsm kamsvapatram *
pravaranarthaw Xsauwam* v as tram dev— , atyontam
asaktena vathastfctl klm apl devas.
 b

The indeclinable yatha Is compounded by F . I I . 1 .7 ,

when It does not convey likeness. Therefore, In the

sonse of likeness It cannot be compounded.

9) wiulyesthani *ln the order of seniority*

^u jj^e sth ^ praiava rdhnuvat Itl.

(Hai» Sam. 1 .8 .4 )

Also in Asva. 4 e *§H.* 2 *3 .1 3 .

10) samulam ‘ even to the roots*

yat samul am avrheyur vricsam na punarabhavet.

3 .9 .2 8 .)

The derivatives in the sense of vlbhakti, samipa*

vyrthi, arthabhava, pascat, yatha# wupurvya and

s^alya are attested* Among these attested cp.s,

the ex,a glve^by K# for yatha and anupurvya are

available, other ex.s given by K. as -

adhlstri 'r e l a t i n g to a woman* .

a d h lk u m a r l ' relatin g to a v e r g l n *

upakumbham * n ear the Jar*

u p g n a n lk a m 'n e a r t h e Jw eller*

sum adran *v «ll w i t h t h e M adras*

sumaqadhare * w ell w ith the Hagadhas*

atihim am *fro st*

nirhlim *on the departure of cold weather*

a tlta jg rk a n 'p a s t (r%ot now ) t h e tim e o f w e a r i n g q u i l t s *

it lp a iiln l ) th U 8» a c c o r d i n g to P a n l n l 's very w ords'

tatp an ln l j

anurathan 'a f t e r the c h a r io t s '

sacakra 's i m u l t a n e o u s l y w i t h t h e w h e e l*

sasakhl ' a ik e a frie n d '

sab ra h m a 'i d e n t i c a l w ith Brah m an'

s a k s a traw 'i d e n t i c a l w i t h .W a r r i o r s '

• even t o t h e g r a s s i .e . t h e w h o le n o t l e a v i n g

even a s c ra p *

sabusaw 'e v e n to t h e r u b b is h *

saqni 'a s far as t h e c h a p t e r A g n l , i .e . th e w h o l e v e d a *

£2?U 'a s f a r as t h e c h a p t e r o f sa c rific e *

sap asu b p n d h am 'a s f a r as t h e c h a p t e r o f anim al s a c rific e *

are not attested.

' The f i r s t o cc«^an ce o f the e x .s sum adram, stanaqadharn,

a tltalsrkam , i t i p a n l n i > s a s a k h l # y a b ra h m a , saksatram ,

- - c
and saqni is fo u n d i n Cb * 2,2,2, 6 .4 2 , SPD . 6 2 .2 3 ,

Ca. 2 .2 .2 , KK. 2 .3 1 0 5 , URC 7 .2 - 3 , iOC. 2 .3 1 0 6 and N S . 2 9 .0 .

100 ** resp ec tiv ely .

 V

4, P .V I .3 ,8 1 - ^avlbh ave calcal*

A
( gahaeya sa^ )

sa l a su b stitu ted f o r s a h a » In an a v v a v ib h a v a

c p .» when t h e s e c o n d member I s n o t a w o r d d e n o t i n g t i m e .

11) sataulam 'e v e n to t h e ro o t*,

a v y a y lb h a v a (P .I I .1 .6 ).

yat avrheyur vrk^aw na punarabhavet

(B f . U2. 3 .9 .2 8 )

T h is Is an a v y a y l b h a v a cp. In the sensB of sakalva

• t o t a l i t y '* The d e r iv a t io n o f the c p . I s m u le n a s a h a .

Here £ a Is su b stitu te d fo r s a h a . Belnqi t h e u p a s a r l a n a

sa standB first In the c p . fo r m a t io n b y P . I I . 2 . 3 0 .

The e x . g iv e n by K . as* sacaXram 's i m u l t a n e o u s l y

w i t h t h e w heel * I s n o t a t t e s t e d .
A2)
But t h e e x . isacakra

•w it h a w h eel*, as b a hu v rlh l (P . I I . 2 . 2 8 ) Is a v a ila b le

In AP. 7 1 .1 0 .2 .

The use o f c j la redu nd an t h e r e .^

1. see PCA., p. 65,

5* P«V«4«75 - jC pratyanvavapurvat aawalwnah ( gaaaawtah )

Tha a f f i x j C Is a d d a d a f t e r t h e w o r d s sarean a n d l o w m .

whan tha p r a p o s it lo n s p r a t i . anu a n d a v a p re c e d e them .

12 ) pratUom aw ‘ In in v e rta d order*

aw avlbh ava ( P .I Z .1 .6 )

parastat

A ls o In T a l . 3 a w « 3 . 4 . 8 . S and A g v a .S r .S u . 3 .1 1 .4 ,

13) anuIooiaBi *in a reg u lar order*

aw avlbhava (I Z .l .t i )

tarn abhvanaktl sir s a to *q r a apadabhya»

m a h l n a i pavo* s l t l »

3 .1 .3 .9 )

A lso In £ r*y £ « 6 . 4 . 2 1 and 6 r .S u » 7 .2 .3 0 .

The o th e r e x ,s g iv e n by as -

avalomani 'a g a i n s t t h e g r a i n *

p ratlsaaao *ttn frlan dly *,

aim sawaw * a t e v e r y saman v e r s a *

avasasiani *b a lo w t h e s a w « i *

are n o t a tte s te d .

The e x .s avalo w am « avasam aw, anusawiaw f i r s t o c c u r i n

Jai. 4 .2 .7 1 (2 7 7 .1 8 ) and p ratlsam aa. in i .B « 7 . 2 . 1 , ( 1 5 .1 .2 5 ) •

M ona o f t h e s e i s f o u n d in p o s t - p ^ i n i a n literatu re.

 P .V .4 .8 2 - prater urasah sap taalath at (s a w a s a n t a h aC)

The a f f i x aC is added a f t e r the w ord u r a s , w hen

f o l l o w s th e w ord p r a t i in a cp. a n d has t h e scm se o f

lo c a tiv e .

The e x , g iv e n by K . as i

pratyurasaw * in every chest* is not a t t e s t e d .

The f i r s t occurance o f t h is c p . is a v a ila b le in T M . 7 9 . 5 .

7^ ^ P .V .4 .1 0 8 - Mas ca (a v y a y l b h a v a t saaasm tah TaC)

The a f f i x TaC is a d d e d to a v y a y ib h a v a c p . en d in g

in j n .

14) adhyatniaia 'w i t h r e f e r e n c e to sp irit*

a v y a y ib h a v a ( P . I I . 1 .6 )

yo v a i tadveda .......................

ity adhyatmatn a th ad h id aiv a ta a

(A i. Br. 2 .4 0 ).

A l s o in J U . ^ . 1 . 3 . 3 and . |r. 1 6 .2 0 .2

But the e x .s g i v e n by K . as

u p a r a la m *n e a r a k in g *

p ra tira ia m ‘ f o r e v e r y k in g *

pratyatm am * f o r e v e r y s o u l*

are not attested*

 lu

15) T h « e x , p r a t I r a la 'a v e r y k i n g * as t a f u r u aa

(p r a d i) (P * I I .2 .1 8 ) is attastad in ap .1 .9 « 1 .

P .V .4 .1 0 9 ~ napygasakad a n y a ta r a a v a m (an an t a t avyaylbhavat

g a m a a ^ t a h TaC )

The a f f i x TaC la a d d a d o p t i o n a l l y to an a v y a y ib h a v a

cp. en d in g in a n e u t e r g e n d e r h a v i n g on m en d in g .

■ 1 ' ■ “Ji .
16) anvaharo ‘ every d a y * , «yv|^hava

( P .1 1 .1 .6 )

davat^hlr avm vaham v rstlm Ic c h a ti.

mmmi ■ ini ■■■anHnBBMBsar♦V ""
Q [a ^ . Ssnn. 2 . 4 . 1 0 . 1 )

A ls o In j a j . flr. 1 .9 1 5 a nd A » > a . S r .S u . 7 . 3 . 4 .

The ex. anvahab Is not atteated.

The e x . w ith the a f f i x TaC is a t t e a t e d . But not a

sin g le e x . w ith o u t th e a f f i x TeC Is fo und . Prom t h e a t t ested

d e riv ativ e s It is I m p l i e d t h a t t h e w ord a n v a t a r a s y a w

•o p t io n a l l y * Is not ju stifie d in th is a p h o r is m .

The e x .s g iv e n by K . as -

p ra tic a m a w /
• In e v e r y s k in •
p ratlcarm a

upacarraam / )
, ) 'n e a r o r cmi th e s k in *
u p a c arm a ^
are not a tt e s t e d .

1« B u t a c c o r d in g to VPK« T a C is added by P .V .4 .1 0 8 ,
 11

9, P .V .4 .1 1 0 - n a d lp a u r n a a a g y a q ra h a v a n ib h v a h

(a r y a v lb h a v a t aaw asantah TaC anyatarasvCT)

Th« a f f i x TaC la a d d e d o p t i o n a l l y to an a w a v l b h a v a
\
cp. m dln g i n n a d l> paurnaaaal and aarahavanl .

T h « a x .s sup p lied by K . as -

ttpanadaro / )
• n e a r o r on t h e r iv e r *
upanadl
)

ttpapadrnamtsepi/ )
) 'a t t h e t im e o f fu ll- m o o n *
upapaum am asl }
)

ttpaqrahayanw / ) • n e a r the d ^ of full-raoon In

upaorah^anl ) t h e m onth o f ^rahayana

are n o t a t t e s t e d * o ther e x .s also are n o t fo u n d .

a ll
The F irst occurfln ce o f ^ t h e above ex«s a r e f o u n d In

R. 1 7 ,7 2 9 , 7 .2 1 , 1 7 .7 4 a , KK . 1 .3 5 , KK. 1 .3 6

re sp e c tiv e ly *
«

B ut

17) pancanadam 'n a m e o f a c o u n tr y * as s a m a h a r a d v iq u

(P .I I .1 .5 2 ) Is a t t e s t e d In 5 0 .3 .5 and

It) d a rsa p a u m w ia a a * nam e o f a sac rific e * as a dvandva

0 > .I I .2 .2 9 ) Is f o u n d I n M a i . Saw 3 .6 .1 0 and ^ . Q ^ .

5. 1 , w h ic h a r e n o t p r o p e r e x . s fo r th is rule.
 1 2

10. P .V .4 .1 1 1 « ih g y a h (a v y a y l b h a v a t aam as«tah

TaC «iv ataraay w )

Tha a f f i x TaC la a d d e d o p t i o n a l l y to an avyaylbhav a

cp. a n d in g In a l e t t e r o f Ih a Y c l a s a (a m ute l e t t e r ) ,
I

19) prabahuk *in an e v en l i n e ' ,

a v y a y ib h a v a C ^ . I I . 1 . 6) .

• s a w a v a d v ir y a w enam bhratnryena kurym iti,

a a d a y e t iw « grabahug^ ju h u y atam

CMoi. Sam 4 .6 .2 ).

A ls o in J a l . B r . 1 .4 2 and tea. S r . s a . 1 2 . 1 . 1 2 .

B ut t h e e x . p r a b a h u k ana ! a t t h e same tim e * w ith the

a f f i x TaC is not fo u n d .

B e s id e a t h e a b o v e e x . i .e . the q p . en d in g in t h e l e t t e r

IC (w it h o u t t h e a f f i x T aC ) , o th er e x .a e n d in g in lh a y li

a r e n o t a v a il a b l e as a v y a y ib h av a . The e x .s g iv e n by ^ . a s -

u p a a a m id h a n /
' n e a r t h e fu e l *
u p a sa in it

u p a d r y adam /
' n e a r o r on a m ile - a t o n e *
u p a d r yat
are not attested.
 13

T h « firm t occursncm o f th * «x« upadreadaa i « fo u n d

in R. 1 7 .« ) C and o th e rs in J a l . 4 .2 .1 1 2 (2 8 1 .4 )

T h « « x .0 8U < ^ aa

20) gaw atqp h *Nama o f a natra* aa tatpuruaa (o a t l )

P .I Z .2 .1 8 la f o u n d i n W a . g a a . 1 5 .5 . m d S a .B r .8 .5 .2 5 .

21) k aw ad u q h a 'm i l k i n g d e a i r a a * aa t a t p u r u a a ( P .X I .2 .1 9 )

in J a l . B r . 1 .1 2 0 and t e a . ^ r .s u . 6 .1 .5 .

22 ) au a aw td h *w aill- kind lad» aa t a t p u r u a a (p r a d i)

(P .X I .2 .1 0 ) in ^am . 5 .8 .7 , 2 .3 4 , Apa. I r .

S u > 5 .6 .3 ,

23) upaval 'Name o f a la v o n a d d i t i o n a l fo m u laa a t an

anim al a a c rific a * aa t a t p u r u a a (q a t i) (P .Z I .2 .1 8 ) in

T a l. s a «.6 .4 .1 1 , )U>a. l r . 8u> 1 4 . 7 . 1 1 .

24) a a ic 'p o u r i n g in o r to w a rd a' aa t a t p u r u a a qati

(P .Z I .2 .1 8 ) in M a i . Sm a. 2 . l 3 . 8 .

11. P .V .4 .1 1 2 - q i r a a a c a sanajcagya (a r y a y l b h a v a t aaraaaantah

Tj£ )

Tha a ffix TaC ia a d d a d to «n a w a y l b h a v a c p . a n d in g

in q i r i . a c c o r d in g to t h e o p i n i o n o f t h a g ram m arian s a n a k a .
 14

Th* «x.s supplied by K* ar-

•ntarjiram / )
) * s i t u a t e d amoocr t h e laountein*
a n ta tq iri )

g p a a ira a / }
) 'n e a r o r a t a a o iin ta in *
u p a o iri )

are not attested*

O th e r e x .s also are n o t a v a i l a b l e . But the f i r s t o c c u rsn c e

of t h e a b o v e m e n t io n e d e x . s is a v a ila b le in Bha. 5«87^«

V£U.1.145.122*>, R£, 17.30*.

MB* 2 .2 4 * 2 ^ resp e c tiv e ly .

1 2 . P .Z Z . 1 . 7 . - vath a*sad rsv e (s u p a avyayam a w a v l b h a v a )

The in d e c lin a b le v a th a is i n v a r i a b l y com pounded w i t h

a w o r d e n d i n g in a case - a f f ix se m a n tic a lly connected

w i t h it# w hen i t d o e s n o t mean l i k e n e s s a nd t h e c p . is

c a l l e d avyavlb hava.

A c c o r d in g to M ^ e s a * P . I I . 1 .7 h a s a c o m p le x c h a r a c t e r .

It is a v id h i rule as w e l l as p r a t i s e d h a xule. N e g a tio n

f o r a t is e d h a ) is of two t y p e s t (i) p rasalva and

(ii) P«rvudasa> Th e n eg atio n in asadysye is in te rp re te d

as p ra s a lv a - p r a tis e d h a by l l ^ e s a .

!• F o r details see pp.l02*104.

 lb

2 5) y a th S kO T am 'a a d«slr«d*

............ « f •tat pranan g rhitv a » v aarlre

_^^atjw ^ca«am p arlvartate

< f i a .B r . 1 4 .5 .1 .2 0 )

A ls o In B f . U£. 2 .1 .1 8 and K a . Sr. su. 2 2 .5 .1 .

But the d e r iv a t iv e s su p p lied by K . as -

v a th a v r d d h a m 'a c c o r d i n g to a g e '

yathadhyapa)cam * a c c o r d i n g to t e a c h e r '

are n ot a tt e s t e d .

13. P . I I . 1 .8 - yavad avadharane (s u p a a w a y iu n a v y a y l b h a v a h )

Th e i n d e c l i n a b l e y a v a t is in v a ria b ly com p ounded w i t h

a w o r d e n d in g in a c a s e - a f f l x w h ic h I s s o r a a n t ic a lly c o n n e c t e d

w ith it, w hen i t s ig n if ie s lim ita tio n and the c p . is called

av y ay lbhav a.

26) y a v a jilv a m ' throughout l i f e *

)clni u Ja enara iuhuyat

(J a l .B r . 1 .3 7 )

Th e c p .

27) yavadayusaw 't h r o u g h o u t l i f e * is f o u n d in Cha.U p .

1 .1 5 .1 6 .

But the e x . g iv e n b y K . as -

y a v a d a a a tr a o i ' in a s n a n y as d r i n k i n g v e s s e l (a r e t h e r e ) *

is not attested.
 lb

14* P .I Z .1 .9 - aup pratln e aatrarth* ( supa aw ay»i

a yyaylbh ayab )

A word a n d l n g In a caa «- a ffix Is cooipoundad w i t h th<

In daclin abla p ra tl. %rhan i t c o n v e y s t h e m e a n in ? ' a little*

and the c p . is called aw ay lbhava.

The derivatives cited by K. as -

Mkaprati * a little vegetable*

sSpaprati ' a little soup *

lavanaprati * a little salt '

are n o t a t t e s t e d , o th e r e x .s also are n ot

a v a ilab le. The first occurm ce of the e x .s 6a k a p r a t i

and supaprati is a v a ilab le in APur. 3 5 4 .1 7 ^ and J a i .

1 .3 .4 (4 7 .1 ) resp e c tiv e ly .

1
The e x . saraprati *p ro p e r, ap p ro p riate* as

aw avlbh av a C P .I I .1 .6 ) in th e sense o f v ath a is attested

in T a i. sam . 2 .5 .S .3 , A i .B r . 5 .3 , Cha. l?p. 2 .9 .5 . and

j ^ .I r .S u . 2 .3 .3 . The cp. can be derived as pratipattva

2
sanqatam it i.

1. T h e m e a n in g o f s a m p r a t i is *n o w *, w h ic h i s
a t t e s t e d i n T a i . saw and A i . B r .

2. see VPK., sec. X, P t. V ., p. 3308„ fn. f.

 IV

H e r e t h e w o r d aup 1 b c o n t i n u e d from P . I I . 1 , 2 .

w hat I s the purpose o f s t a t in g It a g a in In th is rule ?

T h e w ord s ^ . c o n t in u e d In P . I I . 1 . 8 h as c o n n e c tio n w it h

t h e w ord avyayam . So« If t h e w o r d sup I s to be co n tin u ed

In th is r u le * I t w ill b e c o n t i n u e d a lo n g w i t h t h e w o r d

a w a y aw. The c o n tin u a tio n o f aw avara is not In ten d ed

here. Th erefo re* t h e w o r d sup is repeated to d is c o n t in u e

t h e w o r d avyayayata

15. P . H a l .1 0 > akeaaalak agm ^h y a^ p a rin a (s u p a avyayam

aw avlbh avah )

T h e w ords akya , * a d ic e fo r p la y in g w it h ' ,

sal^a *an i v o r y p i e c e u s e d in g a m b lin g * a n d sam khya

*n u m e ra ls * a re ccm p ounded w i t h t h e in d e c lin a b le p ari

and the c p . is called avvaylbhava.

The deriv ativ es su p p lied by K . as *

alca a p a r i *an u n l u c k y th r o w o f d ic e *

s a lr ic a p a r i * an u n l u c k y th r o w o f iv o ry p ie c e s*

ekapari * an u n l u c k y th r o w b y o n e o v e r *

dv lpari * an u n l u c k y th r o w b y two o v er *

trip a ri * an u n l u c k y thro w b y t h r e e o v e r *

c a t u sp a r l * an u n l u c k y th ro w b y f o u r o v e r *

1. see FA.* p . 235.

 18

are not a tte ste d . The f i r s t occurence o f the e x .s

a k s a p a r l* salaXapari and d v lp a r i is fo u n d In EM, 5 .3 9 ®

w h e r e as th e o t h e r e x . s m e n t io n e d a b o v e a r e f o u n d i n

Jai. 1 .3 .8 (4 8 .1 5 ) .

T h is e p . is r e s t r ic t e d to th e w ords, trhlch a r e m e a n t

f o r g a m b lin g o n l y .

16. P .Z Z .1 .1 2 . - a p a p a rlb ah iran cav a h p ancam ya (s u p a avyayaro

v i b h a ya avy ay lbhav ah >

The w ords apa, p a r i , b a h i s and i n d e c l in a b l e s m d in ?

Q/Os-
in ancu ^ r a r e l y com pounded w i t h a w o r d m d i n g In the f i f t h

c a s » - a f f i x and th e c p . is called ew ay lbh av a.

Apa a n d p a r i govern the a b la t iv e by P . I I . 3 .1 0 .

T h e w o rd s e n d in g in anctj g o v e r n a b la tiv e by P . X I . 3 .2 9 .

T h e r e i s no s e p a r a t e r u l e f o r b a h i s . B u t t h e m e n t io n o f

t h e w o rd b a h i s in P . n . 1 . 1 2 im p lie s thet i t governs

a b lativ e.

Here q u e stio n a rises, what is the n e c e s s it y o f the

term psncam ya in th is ap lw riam . The answer is i it is

necessary, because p . d o e s n o t m e n t io n a separate rule,

w h ic h p re sc rib e s the a b la t iv e f o r the w ord b a h i s . Thus,

ba h is c a n g e t any c a s e a n d w i t h t h a t c a s e , i t c o u ld g iv e

1. see N o .595 (P .X I .3 .2 9 ), and AT A , p .l l 8 ,f n .5 7 6 .

 IB

rise to cp, - formation. To prohibit this, the word

1
pancawya Is mentioned.

Here the 8ec±lon-heading rule vlbhaaa (P .I I .1 .1 1 ) Is

continued. The word vlbhaaa means 'or rather not* or

•rarely? or preferably not' or 'marginally*,so this rule

is better not applied. Therefore* It teplles that the
analytic paraphrase I .e . apa trlqarterbhyah Is her*

preferred to the cp. apatrlqartaw. Even P. himself uses

the full analytic form in the place of cp. foxm.^

28) apadhuram '« # a y from t h e y o k e •

apadhuram e v a l n ^ yunaktl

(T a l.B r .l.6 .S .l)

apadhurat Is not a v a ila b le .

29) b a h l spatham 'o u t o f the w ay '

bahljggath^ zi. £?£ etl. '

(go. Br. 1 .3 .1 )

A ls o In M a ^ . 52!H* 1 .8 .9 .

The ex. bahlgpathat Is not available. The cp.

30) bahlsp arldh l 'o u t s i d e the enclosure* Is fo u nd In

A ^ a . I r .s u . 1 . 1 2 . 3 4 . b u t b a h l sp a r ld h e h Is not attested.

1. See ATA«, p .l l 7 » fn. 571.

2. ' Panlnl as ai varlatlonlst, ed, by S .D .J o s ^

PCASS, C lass B, N o . 6, University of Poona, 1 9 8 0 ,p . 37*
 20

But the mx,a cited b y K. as -

apatrlgartaa / )
) *ai*fgy from T r i q a r t a *
flP^trlgart^hyah )

p arltrlq artaa / )
) * round about T r iq a r t a *
p a ritrlq a rta b h y a h j

bahlrgrawiam / ) • o u t s i d * the v i l l a g e •

bahlrq ram at j

pawaQramm / ) * east of the v l l l i ^ e *

are not attested.

T h e f i r s t occ«](r«nce o f t h e a x . s p arltrlq artaa and

praqqram at Is fo u n d In 2 0 ,1 0 - a n d J a l » 1 . 3 . 1 0 (4 8 .2 6 )

re sp e c tiv e ly .

The e x .

31) p arlvatsara *a f u l l year* as ta tp u r u s a (p r a d l )

C P .I I .2 .1 8 ) is f o u n d I n M a . Sam . 2 7 .4 S « l a .B r .8 .1 .4 .8 and

j ^ a . S r .S u . 1 7 .1 3 .2 . The e x .

32) p a r lv e sa 'w i n d i n g ro un d* as t a t p u r u s a (q a t l ) ( P . I I . 2 .1 8 )

is a v a ilab le in &au» sam.. 9 .6 .1 2 « T a l »B r . 3 .3 .1 1 .1

and g h e . sr.su. 8 .1 7 .6 . The e x .s

33 ) p raksiras * h a v i n g t h e h e a d t u r n e d to t h e e a s t * a nd
 2i

34) »raktSla ' h av in g p « n c l l 8 o f grass) turned

towards th e e a s t * as b a h u v r lh i (P .I I .2 .2 4 ) cp. are

a tte s te d In Saw . &r« su. 4 .1 7 .1 1 and B a u . 2 . 1 12

resp ectiv ely .

17, P . 1 1 .1 .1 3 - jn m a ry a d ^h iv id h v o h ( supa avyavag

panc«ava v ib h a sa avv ay lbhavah )

The in d e c lin a b le an , w hen s i g n i f i e s l i m i t e x c l u s i v e

o r lim it in c lu siv e , is r a r e l y com pounded w i t h a w o r d « i d i n g

the qp. is c a l l e d avv ay ib hav a.

35) w rapadam ' u p t o t h e fo<~<s p a r t o f t h e r o o t*

a th a ha d a n t ^ o dhaum yas t r a y an vedam i£ £ S£ adam

v id o m c a k a r a

^^i.B Tji^ 2 . 5 5

The e x . aprapadat is not fo u nd . But the ex.

36) akalat *u p to t h e d e a t h * is av a ilab le in J a l . t?p.

4 .2 5 .4 .

37) apralavaa ' u p t o t h e t im e o f d i s s o l u t i o n o f t h e

w h o le w o r l d a t t h e md of a kaXpa*

gum talp aq ah savrsanaa

... d a X s i n anukho g a c c h e d v atralv a p ra tih a n v a t t a t r a

t i s thed B Pralavaw .

(Va. 20.13)
 22

Th« « x . ayralayt is not attested. The e x .

38) ^Ita p a ta n g a p lp iltk a ro * u p to In s e c t s # m oth and a n t s '

is a v a ilab le in C h a . u p . 7 .2 .I .

The d e r iv a t iv e s c i t e d b y K . as -

a p a ta lip u t r a n i / )
. _ ) • u p to P e t a l ^putra*
ap atallp u trat J "

aXumarara / ' upto the b o y s'

akuw arebhyah ')

are not attested.

18. P .l l .1 .1 4 - l a k sanane n a b h ip ra tl ^h iw u k h y e ( supa

a w a y aw v l b h a sa a vv ay lb havah )

The in d e c lln a b le s abhi and p r a t l, w hen Im p la y

d ire c tio n (t o w a r d s ), a r e r a r e l y corapountided w ith a w ord

e n d in g in a c a s » > a f f i x d e n o tin g th e l i m i t o r t h e goal

w h ic h r e g u l a t e s o r m a rks the d ir e c t io n and the c p . is

c alled avyavlb hava.

39) ^h iv a tam ' to w a r d s the w in d * .

taaw ad v a d y api asakta iv a m o n ^e tab liiv atM

Pari y a t . (§ a . Br. 4 .1 .3 .9 )

A lso in M a i . Sm. 2 .2 .1
 23

♦0) pratvacml * towards the fire*

.......... ahltao n eh prayape tubhyam ta e m q lra a a B

tam e t i h u tv a p r t h a q a r a n l pratyagnl ....

V a l .& r . su. 1 2 .3 .2 .

Th e e x . g iv e n by K . as - a b h y a q n l * In the d lr e c tic m

of fir e * Is not a t t e s t e d . But the e x .

41) abhyaqnl • N » n e o f a so n o f Etasa* as tatp urusa

(p r a d t ) ( P . I I . 2 .1 6 ) Is attested in ^ . B r . 6 .3 3 .

19. P . I I . 1 .1 5 - anur yatsam aya (supa avyayam 1 aksan e

vlbhasa avyaylbhavah )

The indeclinable anu *near to* Is rarely compounded

with that word, by which nearness is indicated by the

particle and the cp. Is callc»d avyaylbhava.

42) an u p arid h i ' alo n g the three e n clo su res o f th e

sacrificiat fire*

idhmas«in ahanalr

anugsrLd^ sasma *stry aqnevaiall* fliti tris trih

parikraraam tusnlna upari

O C a .^ r .s S . 3 .1 .1 3 > 1 4 ) .

The e x . c it e d by K . as anuvanaw *n ear the fo rest*

is not a tte s te d . But

43) a nu v an a as t a t p u r u s a (p r a d i ) ( P . I I . 2 .1 8 ) is

attested in K h i . 3 .1 5 .1 0 .
 24

20. P .I I .1 .1 6 - yasya cayawah ( gupa anur lakgane

vibhasa avyavlbhavah )

The indeclinable anu is rarely compounded with the

word conveying that whose length is implied (in the cp.)

The ex . 8 cited by K. as anuqanqaa *altmqr-slde

the river «3angec*

anuyamunaro * aloner-side th© river Yamun? •
are not attested, other derivativefc also are not

found.

Here the words anuqanqaw and anuyawunam denote the

length of the city Benares and Hathura. Prom the length

of the river Ganges and Yamuna» the l«igth of Benares

and Mathura can be Measured.

1
The use of eg is redundant here.

21. P .^ . 4 . 83. - anugavffin ayame (samasantah aC)

The word anugava is irregol arly formed by adding

the affix aC and has the sense of ‘ suited to the length

of the cows' .

The cp. given by this rule as -

tfiujavara • suited to the length of the cows'^

see PCA/ p . 65.

 2b

is not attested. This ex* also Is not found in

post-pmlnian literature

22. P . I I . 1.17. - tlsthadquprabhrtin1 ca (avyaylbhgvah)

Also the words tlsthadgu 'at the times when the

cows stand to be m l l ^ I .e . after sunset* I c . are
avyaylbhava. cp.s.

44) saniabhuml *on even ground*

samabhuml paryarsam Xarotl

(^a.B^. 3 .6 .1 .1 3 ) .

4 5) susanam * perfectly smooth*

ya val suganani bhavaty athalam yalnaya bhavatl.

(^a.^jr. 3.2.1.30}

By P .V I.2.121. the initial of the word sama gets

acute in an avyaylbhava qp.

46) pradak^jngn *tum to the right side*

sarvam pradaXsioaro krnu yo varah

pratlkamayah

(Sau.Sam. 2.36.6) ,

Also In J a i .Br. 1.49 and Apa.^ r .S u .l .1 2 .3 .

By the words t1sthadquprabhrtin1 P. refers to the

list *qana* begins by the word tisthadqu. The words listed

 2b

In the 2S^£3L mentioned In the body of the A,

P« has collected them in an appendix to the a ., called

qaoepa^ a * It contains the list of the words# which are

1
stated hy £• In the a . The words given In this list are
ready^Made forms or nlpatana forcas of avyavlbhava cp.
The literal meaning of the tezm nlpatana Is not clear«
Here the force of the word ca Is restrictive. The

Irregular fozms listed in this rule always focm of avyavlbh^a

cp. and no other cp. like pararaetlathad^u. Joshl and Bhate

opine that the use of ca Is recbwdant here.^

The ex.s tlsthadju .*when the cows stand to be milked

I . e . after sunset*, vahadou »at the time when the oxen are
yoked*, ayatlqgva * at the time of the return or arrival of

the cows* etc. are found In KB. 6 .3 .5 , 1 ^ .6 .3 5 and Bha.4.14*^

respectively.

23. P . I I , 1.18 - pare madhve saathya va (gup« avyaylbhavab)

The words para *across* »nd madhya *mlddle* are

preferably compounded with the word mdlng In the sixth case

1. see Avachlt S.M ., *3anapatha i A critical study", /

22« 55.60-61 (1961).

2. see ATA, p.123, fn.590.

3. c f. caXaro*vadharaoarthah aparah samgso na bhavatl,
parematlgthadgu It l . K . on P .I I .1 .1 7 .

4. see p CA, p .65.

 27

affix, when they taXe the fozra? pare and niPdhve and
the cp. is called avyaylbhava.

The ex.B supplied by K. as -

V
pareqangam * across the Oanges*
wadhyeqanqam * middle of the Oanges*

are not attested. No other ex. is available. But the first

occi^flBice of the above ex.s is found in SUK. 7814 and
c
spur. 4.28.45 respectively.

The ex.

47) madhvelvatis *a )cind of Vodic metre* is found in

Mai. Sinn. 3 .2 .6 and Nl.su. 1.2.14 and the cp.

48) madhyenidhana ‘ having the passage called Nidhana

in the middle* is available in L a . ^ . ^ . 6 . 4 . S,

as bahuvrlhi ( P . I I . 2 .2 4 ).

By the force of Va# genitive tatpurusa can be

formed also. P. has given the ex.s ganqaparara *across

the Ganges* and qangaroadhyam * middle of the oanges* for

genitive tatpurusa. Neither these ex.s nor any other ex.

is available. The above . mentioned ex.s first

occur in Ram. 2.1217 and ARam. 2 .6 .2 f respectively.

The ex.

49) rathamadhya * occupying the centre of a car** as

bahuvrihi (P.XI.2.24}« is found in Khi. 2 .6 .3 . and

M^.or.Su. 2 .1 3 .6 .
 2b

The vibhasa la atatad by P. In P .I t .k .I l . P t j. has

splitt*d thla rule Into two rulaa by the principle of yog»>

vlbhaga and the part vlbhaaa is considered as a section^’'

heading rule. Therefore, the rules preceding P . I I . 1.11 are

nltya-samasa where as the rules from p .l l .l .l l onwards are

optional cp. so what is the purpose of stating the term

va here 7 Since va is mentioned* we can either accept

the view of the conunentators or infer that PtJ*s yoga~vibhaqa
Is not justified. l£ we accept the latter view, then the
. 1
niles p . I I . 1 .12-18 must be considered as nttya-samasa and
the rules from P .I I .1 .1 9 onwards prescribe optional cp.^

24. P .I I .1 .1 9 - samkhya vam^ena ( supa va avyayibhavah )

A numeral is preferably compounded with a word dmotlnqr

*llneage' and the cp. is called avyaylbh^a. Lineage

(vamaa) can be of two fold t one constituted of the

knowledge thrust upon a pupil and the other by birth.

The ex.s supplied by K. as -

dvlmunl * two sages as its principal expounders*

trimuni * three seges as its principal expounders '

ekavim^atlbharadvalara • Twenty-one Bharadvaja*

are not attested. Other ex.s also are not found.

ATA., p. 129, f n .600

2. Ibid. fn.eoi.
3. cf. vldyaya janmana va praolnaro ekalaksanasantano
vamsah Ity abhldhiyate. K.on. P . I I . 1 .1 9 .
 2b

Th« mx.B dyjmani and rtcavlaBatlbharadvai 1aw »

first eccur in » U 5.34^ and Jai.. 1.4.153 <87.7) r«8poctlv«sly.

25. P .Z Z.1.20 - nadibhis ca (auoa aawJchyava va avraylbhavah )

A nuneral (aamkhya) ! • also optionally con^oundad with

names of rivars and the cp. is called avyaylbhava.

According to PtJ. this refers to their aggregate

-- 1
(sawahara) •

Here the word ca resolves the anbiguity by isolating

2
this rule from the preceding role.

The derivatiYes supplied by K. as •

saptagaAqn ' at the meeting of the sevwn Oanges*

#yiy«aunam ' at the meeting of the two yvminas/

papcanadi ' where the five rivers meet*

saptagodavarap> * where the smvm Oodavari^ meet *

are not attested, other ex.s also are not found.

The first occt^ence of the above illustrated ex.s

is available in KK. 3115* 2297, MB. 3.80.99* and

MB. 3.83.41* respectively.

1. c f. nadibhih samkhvarah sawahare *vyavibhavo vaktawah

sa cavasvaa vaktawab (Kbh. on P .X I.1 .2 0 ).
2. PCA.» p . 6 S.
 30

The «x.

SO) prfcanadam * Name of a countxy*

as aaaahara dvlou (P.ZI.1.52) i« attested in 5 0 .3 .S.

76» P .IZ .1 .2 1 - anvapadarthe ca satnlnww (supa nadlbh^

The words ending in case -affixes are compounded with

the words denoting the names of rivers when the cp. denotes
a thing other than that expressed by the tezns of the cp.
and Is an appellative and the cp. is called awavlbhava.

The anuvrtti of the word sawkhya Is not extended here.

Though this rule is mentioned under the sub-division of

optional cp«s; it is* however* a nitva cp. The n«ne

saalna can never be expressed by a sentence, so the derivation

of this cp. cannot be analysed.

Here the word ca is used to resolve the atnbigulty by

1
isolating this rule from the previous rule.

The ex.s supplied by K. as -

unmattaqanqam * the country called Unmatta Ganges*

lohitaqanqaoi * the country called Lohlta Ganges'

1. Ibid.
 31

kranaqangwi 'the country called Kfsn^ Ganges*

etc. are not attested. No other ex. is found.

The first occa^r«nce of the ex.s unaiattaqanq«pi and

lohltaqanqas Is found In UC. 1 .1 * and HV. 6878 respectively,

27. P.VZ.2.33 - Paripratvu»a»avar1yaHianahoratg^«yavestt

(purvapadaw prakrtlsvarew)

The particles pari, prati, upa and apa retain

their original accent* when they follow the word which

specifies an exclusion or a portion of day or night.

51) apadhuram *away from the yoke', awaylbhava ( P . I I .l .!>!).

^adnuram eve in aw yunakti

^^a^.Br^ 1 .6 .5 .1 ) .

The ex.s mentioned by K. as •>

paritrlgartam 'round about or outside Triqarta'

parisauvlram 'round about or outside 8auvira'

farisaryaseni 'round about or outside sarvaseni'

pratiparvatoaw * every fore-noon*

pratvaprahnan ' every afternoon*

pratlpurvaratraw • crv«ry firat part of tha night*

pratvapararatraw *«v«ry laat part of tha night*

ate. ara not attaatad* Other also are not available,

so the accent cannot be traced.

All the particles and upasarqas have acute on the

firat syllable except the preposition abhi. by the Phit .S u .

XV.12^13. —

P .V I .2 .1 2 1 - xiilatlratttlaBulasalSlcsasMiare (uttarapadam

adyaudattiw)

52) pratikttli *in inverted order* '

' awavlbhava O P.IZ.1.6)

aqnir vai tu pratiXSlaa anukulam ivodakaai.

(Sau.Sai ,5 .1 4 .1 3 )

53) paroksaw * invisible*, awavibhava C P .I I .1 .6 );

iivante

1*7.3.1)

Also in ia.Br. 1 .8 .1 .2 0 .

54) duhsaaaw *uneven*« awavlbhava C P .Z X .1.I7 ).

 33

yada duhjBjawTO bhavati na tartiy atwana canal aw bhavati

^Sa«B|T« 3 •2*1 *30)

The ax.a auppliad by K* as -

-f
parllculawi 'around tha bank*

upakulaw 'near the bank*

paritlraw * around the bank*

#
upatrrwi * near the bank '
£ m
parltSl ant *around the tuft of grass or reeds'
£
upat5l am * near the tuft ofgrass orreeds '

etc. are not attested.

The cp.

55) upaaulaw 'near the root* is attested in H a l, sam.

1.10.17« and J a . 2 .4 .2 .1 7 which goes against the

present rule. The ex.s

56) upasala * a place in front of a house* is

available in Kau. Su. 69.2 and

57) viyamam *un-even* in Apa. s r .^ u . 1 9 .1 6 .8. so

the proper accent is not traced.

I

29. P.V .4.107 - avyaylbhave saratprabhrtibhyah (samasantah

TaS > %
The affix TaC is added to the words i^arat /St C. in

avyayibhava cp.
 34

58) vathaianaaam * to the heart's contant*

awavlbhava ( P .Z I .1 .6 ) .

gvobhute tarpayltva aarasadhayat.

^Aga* Dh« Su« 2 « 9 * 1 ).

59) pratidisaw * In every direction*

P . I I . 1.6)

pradaXglnew vacchet

( ^ . B r . 3 .3 .5 )

The ex.s

60) vathadiaaw *ln all directions* and

61) anudiagn *in every quarter* areattested in

iCa. san. 11.10 and Bau. § r .s 5 . 2.14t 8respectively«

62) pratya)C8«n * before the eyes*

awavlbhava (P .I I .1 .1 4 ).

purastad diksava es5 vai praty^saw dPcsa taw

evalabdhai tair eva luhuvat (Mai. sam. 1 .9 .8 )

Also in A i.B r. 4.20» Cha.Up. 5 .2 .1 and Asva. ^ r .

Su_^ 1 .3 .1 6 .

The ex.s given by K . as -

ttpasaradan * at or near the autumn*.

pratisaradaa * every autumn '

 3b

ttpavlpaa« * n«ar th« (river) Vtpaa.

pratlvlpaaaa * along th« Vipaa rivar *

are not attested.

The first occt^ence of the ex.s upasaradaw and

pratlaaradaa Is found in HV. 20.48 and CC.206.5*

respectively, where as the ex. upavlpasam* in

The words listed in ^aradadl class which ends in

a ihav cansonant add invariably the semasanta affix

TaC, even though TaC is added optionally by P .V .4.111,

The word avyaylbhava ext«id« upto P.V .4.112.^

1. Cf. ye* tra Ihayantah pathyante teyata nitvarth<

qrahanap. svaryate cedaw avyaylbhavaqrahanam
pr^ bahuvrlheh K. on P .V .4 .1 0 7 .