Lecturer: Qassim J.

Alabody
Master in adult nursing

Myocardial infaraction
Myocardial infarction is death of the cells of an area of the heart muscle
((myocardium)) as result of oxygen deprivation, which in turn is caused by
obstruction of the blood supply. Commonly referred to as ((heart attack)), the
myocardium receives it is blood from the two large coronary arteries and branches.
Pathophysiology
Cholestrole deposition within the wall of the main artery

Atherosclerosis plaque

Narrowing in the coranary aryery

Ruptureing the plaque with activation cloting mechism

Block coronary artery and interrupts blood supply to heart muscle (myocardium)

Ischemic the heart muscle and necrosis

Dead the part from myocardium

 Risk factors of myocardial infraction

Modifiable Non Modifiable

actively smoking age

high blood pressure male sex
diabetes mellitus family history
low levels of physical activity previous heart attack
alcoholic drink genetic
obesity congenital anomaly

 Signs and symptoms

1- Chest pain is the described as
 a sensation of tightness,
 pressure, or squeezing.
 Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower
jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen
 Lecturer: Qassim J. Alabody
Master in adult nursing
2- sweating,
3- nausea or vomiting,
4- shortness of breath,
5- Weakness and fatigue.
6- palpitations,
7- peripheral edema
8- Loss of consciousness
9- sudden death
 Diagnosis of myocardial infraction
1. Medical history
2. Physical examination
3. Blood chmistary such as level of cholestrole
4. Cardiac enzyme and protein
5. Electrocardiography (E.C.G)
6. Chest X ray and CT – Scan
7. Echocardiography and Doublers

 Treatment of myocardi
1. Diet:- low calorie, low sodium and low fate with increase dietary fiber
2. Oxygen therapy and monitoring vital signs with E.C.G.
3. anti-platelet agent such as aspirin and clopidogrile (plavix)
4. anti lipemic agent :- cholystramin (Questran) atrovastin (Lipitor)
5. analgesic such as morphin (I.V)
6. calcium channel blockers :- nifedipine (procardia) and verapamile
7. beta- adrenergic blockers :- propeanole, nadolol
8. antianxiety such as diazepam (valium)
 complications of myocardial infraction
1- anginia
2- heart failure
3- arrythemias
4- pulmonary edema
 Lecturer: Qassim J. Alabody
Master in adult nursing
 possible surgical intervention
1- coronary artery bypass graft (CAPG)
2- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)