Lung cancer / medical and surgical medicine ass. Lect. Qassim J.

AL-Abody

Hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoid is an abnormal mass of dilated and engorged blood vessels in swollen tissue
that occurs internally in the anal canal or externally around the anus
❖ Types of the hemorrhoids
1. Internal hemorrhoids. These lie inside the rectum. Occasionally, straining can push
an internal hemorrhoid through the anal opening. This is known as a protruding or
prolapsed hemorrhoid and can cause pain and irritation.
2. External hemorrhoids. These are under the skin around the anus. When irritated,
external hemorrhoids can itch or bleed.
3. Thrombosis hemorrhoids. Sometimes blood may pool in an external hemorrhoid
and form a clot (thrombus)
❖ Causes of hemorrhoids
1) Straining during bowel movements
2) Sitting for long periods of time on the toilet
3) Chronic diarrhea or constipation
4) Obesity
5) Pregnancy
6) Anal intercourse
7) Low-fiber diet
❖ Clinical features of the hemorrhoids
1- Painless bleeding during bowel movements
2- Itching or irritation in anal region
3- Pain or discomfort
4- Swelling around anus area
5- A lump near anus region
Lung cancer / medical and surgical medicine ass. Lect. Qassim J. AL-Abody

❖ Diagnosis of the hemorrhoid

1. Digital examination. During a digital rectal exam is inserts a gloved, lubricated finger
into rectum.
2. Visual inspection. Because internal hemorrhoids are often too soft to be felt during a
rectal exam, with an anoscope, proctoscope or sigmoidoscope.
❖ Complications of the hemorrhoids
1. Anemia. chronic blood loss from hemorrhoids may cause anemia
2. Strangulated hemorrhoid. If the blood supply to an internal hemorrhoid is cut off, the
hemorrhoid may be "strangulated," another cause of extreme pain
❖ Prevention of the hemorrhoids
1- Eat high-fiber foods. Eat more fruits, vegetables. Doing so softens the stool and
increases its bulk, which will help you avoid the straining that can cause
hemorrhoids and eating the diet slowly to avoid problems with gas.
2- Drink plenty of fluids. Drink six to eight glasses of water and other liquids (not
alcohol) each day to help keep stools soft.
3- Consider fiber supplements. Amount of fiber 25 grams a day for women and 38
grams a day for men in their diet. These products help keep stools soft and regular.
4- Don't strain. Straining and holding breath when trying to pass a stool creates
greater pressure in the veins in the lower rectum.
5- Go as soon as feel the urge. If wait to pass a bowel movement and the urge goes
away, the stool could become dry and be harder to pass.
6- Exercise. Stay active to help prevent constipation and to reduce pressure on veins.
7- Avoid long periods of sitting. Sitting too long, particularly on the toilet, can
increase the pressure on the veins in the anus.