PHILIPPINE LITERATURE arikenken

(Reviewer) -verbal joust, meaning “one-on-one debate”

-precursor to the bukanegan
Region 1: Ilocos Region

Isabelo de los Reyes’ HISTORIA DE ILOCOS (1885) sarsita and pakasaritaan

-literal translations: story and history
ilog (river)  Ilocos  people by the river -narratives about the unfolding of life, revealing who
the Ilokano people are and the kind of future they want
- referred to the early settlers living along riverbanks. to have
The area was first inhabited by aboriginal Negritos
before Malay occupants dominated the narrow coast. Ilokano literature is one of the most active tributaries to
the general Philippine Literature.
Tingguians inhabited the interior, Ilocanos in the north,
and Pangasinenses in the south.
Languages used in Ilokano Literature: F PIES
1972: Pangasinan became a part of the Ilocos Region  Foreign
under P.D. No. 1  Philippine languages
 Iloko
Provinces: IloPaLa  English
1. Ilocos Norte: Laoag City  Spanish
2. Ilocos Sur: Vigan City
3. Pangasinan: Lingayen City Earliest known written Ilokano Poems:
4. La Union: San Fernando City  Romances translated from Spanish by Francisco
Lopez
Language  Doctrina Christiana by Cardinal Bellarmine
Ilokano (Pagsasao nga Ilokano)
Pedro Bukaneg
 spoken by 66% of citizens
 Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature
 third most spoken native language
 First known Ilokano poet
 Authored Biag ni Lam-ang (17th cent.)
Literature
 El Ilokano (1889-1890)
 Ilokano literature is considered as part of
 Vida de Lam-ang
national literature by critics and literature
experts.
18th Century
 Translation is vital to be understood for readers
Missionaries used religious, secular lit.  Christianity
and thus creates a problem for the Ilokano
Works:
writer limiting Ilokano literature.
 Sumario de las Indulgencias (Fr. Jacinto Rivera)
 Iluko writing in another language suffers
 Pasion (St. Vincent Ferrer’s Sermons into Iloko –
constriction.
Burtia/burburtia = RIDDLE Fr. Antonio Mejia)
Pagsasao = SAYINGS
(both distill insight and reflection about human life) 19th Century
Leona Florentino – Nat’l Poetess of the Philippines
Dallot – Chant during weddings and birthdays  Bridge from oral to literary tradition
Dung-aw – Chant narrating the pain and joy of life of  Mother of Philippine Women’s Literature
the living and dead  works published on the Bibliothique
(both are forms of performance art antedating drama) Internationales de Cuevre de Femmes (1889)
Works:
Dallot to Pangangas-sawa  Pagbating Babiro
The groom’s side establishes marriage parameters to be  Blasted Hopes
offered to the bride’s side. Marriage, according to the  Naunsyaming Pag-asa
dallot, is a communal concern. These are rite and ritual,  Kakaibang Pagkalibing ng Paghahangad
rhyme and reason. Some places in Ilocos still hold on to
the dallot as a unifying cultural practice. Isabelo de los Reyes
 Son of Leona Florentino
kablaaw (tribute)  Historia de Ilocos
The Ilokanos are oriented by a sense of direction. Honor  Folklore Filipino
to them is an individual affair hence the  Las Islas Visayas
contextualization of kablaaw.
Marcelino Mena Crisologo
bukanegan  Helped popularized Zarzuela
-named after Pedro Bukaneg, the Father of Ilokano
Poetry and Literature Pascual Agcaoili
-argumentation as an art reflecting sophistication of  Wrote and staged Daguita Agpaspasukmon
mind Basi

Isaias R. Lazo
 Comedia and Zarzuela
Rufino Redondo
 Matilde de Sinapangan
 First Iloko novel (1892)
20th Century
More intense literary activity
 Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaamames a
Bales (Life of an Old Man, or a Dreadful
Revenge) – Marian Gaerlan
 Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan (Improvement
Despite Obstacle) – Facundo Madriaga
 Apay a Pinatayda ni Naw Simon? (Why did they
kill Don Simon?) – First known detective novel
in Iloko
 Banawag Magazine (Sister publication of
Liwayway, Bisaya and Higaynon)
CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
Main city: Baguio City
Established on July 15, 1987 (EO 220) Cory Aquino
Provinces:
1. Abra
2. Apayao
3. Benguet
4. Ifugao
5. Kalinga
6. Mountain Province
7. Baguio
The Cordillera Literature is divided into 2:
1. Ritualistic - these consist of songs, chants and
narratives that is performed during religious
rituals when imploring the aide of divine or
supernatural beings.
2. Non-Ritualistic - pieces of literature that is
performed in any occasion usually during times
of celebration like festival and birthdays they
often express communal living and personal
sentiment.
Epic Poetry:
Ifugao Hudhud
 A mythical figure known for his wealth and
prowess
 Often sung on the wake of a high class member
in community and also during weeding time
when women work in the fields during the
harvest time. So Hudhud is also considered as
an harvest song.
 Only women can be a soloist in this epic or a
narrator during a duet.
Kalinga Ullalim
 Is a long ballad chanted by both men and
women during feast and other social occasion.
 Represent the epic tradition of Southern
Kalinga.
Gasumbi
 These are epic songs are sung during the
harvest season at night.
 They are mostly about headhunting and or
courtship their stories are often surrounded
with magic and supernatural elements
 They usually sung in the northern part of
Kalinga
Alim
 A kind of epic whose main protagonist are
divine rather than the typical mortal
 These epics can only be performed by men
during special occasion and during harvest
season.
Two great example of Cordillera epic poetry are the
“The Harvest Song of Aliguyon” by the Ifugaos and
“The Heroi Exploit of Banna” by the Kalinga.
Famous People
1. Pedro Bukaneg (see prev.)
2. Leona Florentino
3. Carlos Sampayan Bulosan - an English-
language Filipino novelist and poet; His best-
known work today is the semi-
autobiographical America Is in the Heart, but he
first gained fame for his 1943 essay on The
Freedom from Want.
4. Francisco Sionil José - novels and short
stories depict the social underpinnings of class
struggles and colonialism in Filipino society. The
Rosales Saga – five novels encompassing a
hundred years of Philippine history, painting a
vivid documentary of Filipino life.
5. JUAN CRISÓSTOMO CABALLA SOTO - wrote a
number of lyrical poems, historical dramas,
humorous plays and philosophical essays, and
"sarsuwelas.“ the most famous of which is
"Alang Dios" or There is no God (1901).
6. ANGELA MANALANG GLORIA - Lyric poet,
pianist, and editor, had her roots in Guagua,
Pampanga, but her ancestors went to Albay and
prospered. the first and only pre-war
anthology of poetry in English by a Filipino
woman
7.