ABYC A-T July, 2014 ——— ee ‘Thermal Appliance Project Technical Setting Standards for Safer Boating ommuies! The ABYC Standards and Technical Information Reports for Small Craft are the product of @ consensus of representatives of government, industry and public sectors. Its intended solely as a guide to aid manufacturers and the marine community in the design, construction, equipage and maintenance of small craft ABYC reviews each standard at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or withdrawn, ABYC welcomes any written comments on the standards and Technical information reports, ABYC A-7 LIQUID AND SOLID FUELED BOAT HEATING SYSTEMS © 2014 American Boat & Yacht Counell, IncAT m4 THERMAL APPLIANCE PROJECT TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Robert Newsome, Chairman Mike Adler Doug Cowie Kim MacCartney Po Chang Ralph Lambrecht ‘Thomas Shultz This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted. NOTE: Membership on @ committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of ABYC or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves. This standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards, The Project Technical Committee that approved the Standard was balanced to ensure that individuals from ‘competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate, This standard, which is the result of extended and careful consideration of available knowledge and experience on the subject, is intended to provide minimum performance requirements, ABYC's Project Technical Committee meetings are open to the public. All contact regarding standards activity, or meeting attendance should be directed to the ABYC Technical Department at comments@abycine.cr, ABYC and its committees do not ‘approve’, “cert”, or “endorse” any item, construction, or proprietary device, REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATIONS Upon written request, the Thermal Appliance PTC will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard The tequest for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. Requests should be presented to the PTC in a manner in which they may be answered in a yes or no fashion. The committee reserves the night to reconsider any interpretation when or if addtional information which might affect, it becomes available to the PTC. Persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the Committee for reinterpretation © 2014 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine.7 72 73 74 75 76 7 78 79 7.10 74 7.12 A-7 LIQUID AND SOLID FUELED BOAT HEATING SYSTEMS Table of Contents PURPOSE, SCOPE. REFERENCES. DEFINITIONS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. EXHAUST SYSTEMS. LIQUID FUEL BURNERS: FORCED WARM AIR HEATING UNITS. CIRCULATING HOT LIQUID UNITS RADIATION AND CONVECTION SELF-CONTAINED TYPE HEATING UNITS. HEATING UNIT MARKINGS SAFETY LABELS AND WARNINGS. Origin and Development of ABYC A-7, Liquid and Solid Fueled Boat Heating Systems. AT 74 Ooooh eR ON KO © 2014 American Boat & Yacht Council, IncAT 714 A-7 LIQUID AND SOLID FUELED BOAT HEATING SYSTEMS Based on ABYC’s assessment of the existing technology. and the problems associated with achieving the goals of this standard, ABYC recommends compliance with this standard for all boats and associated equipment manufactured and/or installed after July 31, 2016. 7.1 PURPOSE These standards are guides for the design, construction, and installation of permanently installed boat ‘accommodation space heating units and systems. 72 SCOPE These standards apply to permanently installed boat accommodation space heating units and systems using only liquid or solid fuels, EXCEPTION: Heating appliances and systems fueled by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), and heating systems that produce steam in a boiler are not covered by this standard. NoTEs: 1. This includes devices that by design can function as a cooking device or an unattended heating dovict 2. For requirements relating to LPG and CNG fuel systems, refer to ABYC A-1, Marine Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Systems, ABYC A:22, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Systems_ ABYC A-26, LPG and CNG Fueled Appliances, contains requirements for all gaseous fueled appliances, including those used for ‘comfort heating, 73 REFERENCES The following references form a part of this standard. Unless otherwise noted the latest version of referenced standards shall apply. 7.3.1 ABYC - American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. ~ 613 Third Steet, Suite 10, Annapolis, MD 21403 (410) 1990-4460. Fax: (410) 990-4466. Web site: ynvw abycine org YC At i im. ABYC A:22, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Systems ‘ABYC A-24. Carbon Monoxide Detection Sysiems ABYC A:26. LPG and CNG Fueled Appliances ABYCE-11, AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boats ABYC H-33. Diesel Fuel Systems ‘ABYCT-5, Safety Signs and Labels 732 _ ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Phone: (212) 591-7722. Web site: wuw asme.org, 73.3 CFR - Code of Federal Regulations and other government publications. May be obtained from the ‘Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Information, PO Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7054, Phone: (202) 512-1800, Fax: (202) 512-2104, Website: ww access, apo gov. An excerpted edition of the CFR is also available from ABYC, Inc. 33. CFR 183, 7.3.4 UL - Underariters Laboratories, PO Box 19995, 12 Laboratory Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Phone: (919) 549-1400. Web site: www ul.com UL 103, Chimneys, Factory-built UL 181, Factory-made Air Ducts and Air Connectors UL 1100, Alcohol and Kerosene Cooking Appliances for Marine Use (© 2014 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 1Ar 74 7.4 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply 7.4.1 Accommodation Space - spaces designed for living purposes for persons aboard a boat, Examples of specific uses of accommodation spaces include: staterooms, heads (bathrooms), galley, pllothouse, navigation, ‘workshop, and other similar people-oriented spaces. These uses contrast with engine and fuel tank compartments, 7.4.2 Attended Appliance - an appliance that is installed in the accommodation space of a boat and used when the occupants are in the accommodation space. An attended appliance requires action and attention by an operator, including operator initiated ignition 7.4.3 Circulating Hot Liquid Heating Systems - any heating system designed to raise the temperature of a circulated liquid to a higher than ambient temperature. Liquid is distributed by means of a pipe or tubing network to heat distrbutors, generally a convector or a radiator, located in those areas or accommodation spaces to be heated. Such a system includes a circulating pump to positively distribute quid from the heat source to the distributors and return, 7.44 Draft- the gas flow caused by the pressure differential in the exhaust of a heating unit at any specified time. 7.4.5 Flame Failure - the failure of combustion to continue after initial flame establishment. 7.4.6 Flame Failure Device - a device preventing fuel from flowing to a burner i lame is not present. 7.4.7 Forced Warm Air Heating System - a system that heats air to temperatures exceeding ambient, and circulates the warmed air by means of a fan to the area(s) to be heated. 7.4.8 _ High Temperature Limit Switch - an automatic device that shuts off the bumer at a predetermined temperature. 7.4.9 Ignition Failure -the failure of a combustion type burner to establish proper flame when starting 7.4.10 Liquid Fuels - kerosene, diese cl, or alcohol 7.4.11 Readily Accessible - capable of being reached quickly and safely under emergency conditions without the Use of tools, 7.4.12 Room Sealed Combustion System - a combustion system in which incoming air, the combustion chamber, and the outgoing products of combustion are sealed from the boat interior. 7.4.13 Solid Fuels - coal, wood, or charcoal 7.4.14 Unattended Appliance ~ an appliance that is intended to function without frequent attention by an operator and that may cycle on and off automatically, such as, refrigerators, or thermostatically controlled accommodation space heaters and water heaters. 7.8 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 7.8.1. _ Electrical wiring serving heating units, and electrical components associated with the control and operation of all heating units, shall meet the requirements of ABYC E-11. AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boals. 7.5.2 Heating units using gasoline, in any form, as fuel or for priming, are prohibited, EXCEPTION: Heating systems that utilize main propulsion engine liquid cooling system waste heat. 75.3. Printed instructions for proper installation, operation, maintenance, and refueling where applicable, shall be provided with each appliance, 7.8.3.1. The instructions shall include information on the risks associated with the air consumption ofthe appliance, ‘and information for the installer relative to the installation of a warning label. See A7.5.13.1 and A-7.12. 7.5.4 Heating units and their enclosures or jackets, if provided: © 2014 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 2AT 714 7.8.4.1. shall have @ means of securely fastening the unit in place against the pitch and roll experienced in marine applications; and 7.5.42. the outside, external surface temperature of the enclosure(s) or jacket(s) shall not exceed 180°F (82°C) with fan ambient temperature of 77°F (25°C) when the unit is operating at maximum heat output. See A-7.9.2.2 and A- 7106. 7.5.5 __ Burner systems shall be capable of normal operation without creating a fre hazard when inclined at angles Up te 30° from horizontal, in any ditection, and continuous operation at angles ef heel up to 30° 7.5.6 _ On boats with gasoline engines, heating units, or systems used for accommodation space heating, shall be of the room sealed combustion system type. 7.5.7 When installed in spaces requiring ignition protection, all electrical components associated with the control and operation of heating units shall comply with the ignition protection requirements of ABYC E-11_ AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boats. NOTE: For boats with inboard gasoline engines, the Code of Federal Regulations, 33 CFR, Section 183.410 and ABYC E-11, AC & DC Electrical Systems on Boats apply. 7.5.8 Operating controls shal be readily accessible, 7.5.8 Ducts and air handling systems, shall meet the requirements of UL 181, Factory-made Air Ducts and Air Connectors, 7.5.10 Ducts and air handling systems shall be sized in accordance with the heating equipment manufacturer's recommendations, 7.5.11 Air handling systems, including discharge and return air systems, shall be so constructed and installed as to prevent harmful gasses from entering living spaces, and 7.5.1.1 shall be airtight, with respect to compartments containing engines or fossil fueled devices where the air handling system shares common partitions with or passes through those compartments, and EXCEPTION: Accommodation spaces containing LPG or CNG appliances. 7.8.11.2 shall neither discharge to, nor return to, any compartments other than the one(s) intended to be serviced by that equipment. 7.5.12 On boats with non-room sealed combustion heating systems, a carbon monoxide detection system shall be Installed in accordance with the requirements of ABYC A-24, Carbon IMonoxide Detection Systems. 7.5.13 Non-room sealed combustion system appliances using liquid fuels shall be equipped with an oxygen depletion sensor that cuts off the fuel supply to the appliance when the room oxygen level falls below 95 percent of normal, andlor failure of oxygen sensor, and 7.5.13.1 the manufacturer of the appliance shall provide a warning label to alert the appliance operator to maintain adequate ventilation during appliance operation, See A-7,12 for label requirements, 7.6 EXHAUST SYSTEMS 7.6.1 Exhaust products shall be ducted to the exterior ofthe boat with a smoke pipe or stack, and cap, designed to minimize water entry and back draft into accommodation spaces. 7.6.2 The flue system shall be continuous and sealed from the appliance to its terminus outside the boat, and 7.6.2.1. the system shall be accessible for inspection, and 7.6.22. the fue terminus shall not be positioned within 20 inches (508 mm) of a refueling fiting or fuel tank vent, and (© 2014 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 3Ar 74 76224 shall be positioned to minimize exhaust re-entry into the boat through any openings into the ‘accommodation spaces 7.6.2.3. Forboats with solid fueled appliances, the fue terminusicap shal be fited with a UL listed spark arrester 7.6.24 Dampers .e., shutoff valves, shall not be installed in the fue systems of liquid fueled heating appliances. 7.63 Double oF tiple wall smoke stacks shall meet the requirements of UL 103, Chimneys, Factory-buil, and 7.6.3.1. shall be installed in accordance with the instuctions of the stack manufacturer. 7.7 LIQUID FUEL BURNERS 7.7.1. Ignition failure, or flame failure by the atomizing burner, shall cause complete shut-off ofthe fuel supply and all other burner operations, or 7.7.1.1 shall contain all fuel spilled within the appliance. 7.72. Restarting a bumer(s) after ignition failure shall be possible only after operator attention and intervention. 7.7.3 Fuellines, connections, and fuel fiters, if used, shall comply with ABYC H-33, Diesel Fuel Systems. 7.7.4 Aceadlly accessible manuel or electrically operated (¢.g.. solenoid) shut-off valve shall be installed at the tank out. 7.8 FORCED WARM AIR HEATING UNITS 7.8.1 Ahigh temperature limit switch, with manual reset, shall be integral withthe heating unit 7.8.1.1 This switch shall be separate and distinct from any other control, and 7.8.12 shall shut of the bumer(s) if the heating unit's output air temperature exceeds 90% ofthe maximum rating of the duct material. See UL 181, Factory-made Air Ducts and Air Connectors. 7.8 CIRCULATING HOT LIQUID UNITS 7.9.1 Alow liquid cutoff switch shall be integral with the appliance, and 7.9.1.1 shall be separate and distinct from any other control, and 7.9.1.2 shall automaticaly shut off the fuel supply to the burner ifthe liquid level falls below a pre-determined level. 7.9.2 Ahigh temperature limit switch shall be integral withthe heating unit, and 7.9.2.1 _ shall be separate and distinct from any other control, and 7.9.22 _ shall automatically shut off the burner if circulating liquid temperature exceeds 190° F (88°C). 7.9.3 Apressure safety relief valve, separate and distinct from any other control, shall be installed on each heating 7.9.3.1 The relief valve shall be an ASME approved type and rated for hot liquid heating as follows: 7.9.3.4.1 The rating of the valve, in heat value STUMhrs relieved, shall be at least 50 percent greater than the ‘maximum input to the heating unit; and 79312 the ie valve shall operate at a pressure no greater than 30 psig (207 kPa); and 7.9.3.1.3 the relief valve discharge shall be to a location that avoids danger to the boat's occupants. © 2014 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine. 4AT 714 7.10 RADIATION AND CONVECTION SELF-CONTAINED TYPE HEATING UNITS 7.10.1. Radiation and convection self-contained type heating units shall be considered attended appliances. 7.10.2 Solid fueled appliances shall be constructed and installed so that 7.10.21. @ positive flow of flue gases is maintained at all times, and 7.10.22 combustion byproducts cannot be discharged into the accommodation spaces, and 7.10.23 under no conzitons shall the operation or adjustments of controls or dampers restrict the flow of fue gases. in such a way as to compromise compliance with A-7.10.2.1 and A-7.10.2.2 7.10.3 Solid fuel type heating units shall be provided with grates and suitable ash pit. 7.10.4 Solid fuel type heating units shall be provided with adjustable openings in the ash pit and above the ‘combustion area for draft adjustment, 7.10.5 Airspace shall be provided around the unit to allow full convection of air. 7.10.6 With the appliance installed, the temperature of the surfaces below, and immediately surrounding, vertical Combustible surfaces shall not rise more than 150°F (86°C) above the compartment's ambient temperature when tested with the temperature test of section 18 of UL 1100, Alcohol and Kerosene Cooking Appliances for Marine Use 7.11 HEATING UNIT MARKINGS 7.11.1 A durable and permanently legible sign providing information on the proper operation and any unique hazards of the appliance shall be provided. 7.11.2. Each appliance shall be permanently marked or labeled with the following informaton: 7.11.21 manufacturer's name or trademark; 7.11.22. manufacturers or prime seller's address; 7.11.23. model number, 7.11.24. serial number; 7.11.25. fuellenergy used. 7.12 SAFETY LABELS AND WARNINGS 7.12.1. Safety labels and warnings shall comply with the recommendations of ABYC T-5, Safety Signs and Labels, {and shall contain at least the following informational elements, 712.141. the hazard intensity signal word; 7121.2. the nature ofthe hazard 7.12.13 consequences that can result the instructions to avoid the hazard are not followed; and 7.12.4 instructions on how to avoid the hazard. 7.12.2 The warning label required in A-7.5.13.1 shall be a permanent, legible label installed on, orn the vicinity of the heating unit (© 2014 American Boat & Yacht Council, Inc. 5Ar 74 Origin and Development of ABYC A-7, Liquid and Solid Fueled Boat Heating Systems ‘A:T was first published in 1964 and was approved in 1965. This standard was revised in 1967, 1870, 2000 and 2008. The 2014 version is the work of the Thermal Appliances Project Technical Committee. ABYC technical board rules provide that all reports, including standards and technical information reporis, are advisory only. Their use is entirely voluntary. They represent, as of the date of publication, the consensus of knowledgeable persons, currently active in the field of small craft on performance objectives that contribute to small boat safety The American Boat & Yacht Council assumes no responsibilty whatsoever for the use of, or failure to use, standards or technical information reports promulgated by it, their adaptation to any processes of a user, of any consequences flowing therefrom. Prospective users of the standards and technical information reports are responsible for protecting themselves ‘against lability for iningement of patents. The American Bost & Yacht Council standards are guides to achieving a specific level of design or performance, and are not intended to preclude attainment of desired results by other means, © 2014 American Boat & Yacht Council, Ine 6