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01-DG - Section 1 adsscGeneral-Version 2.0 PDF
01-DG - Section 1 adsscGeneral-Version 2.0 PDF
(ADSSC)
DESIGN GUIDELINES
SECTION 1
GENERAL
Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
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Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 4
1.1.1 SCOPE ................................................................................................ 4
1.1.2 CONTENTS AND ARRANGEMENT ..................................................... 4
1.2 RELATED DOCUMENTS ................................................................................ 4
Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
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1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 SCOPE
This document, the Design Guidelines (DG), is for use by design consultants
when carrying out the design of projects for ADSSC. It presents guidelines
for the design, but it does not include design theories and methods of
calculation but instead describes local practices and criteria to be adopted.
Use of the DG does not absolve design consultants from their normal
responsibilities. It is meant as a guide only and should be used only by
competent practitioners, with due diligence.
a) General.
g) CAD Standards
Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
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Sections of this document are reviewed from time to time and it will be the
responsibility of all design consultants using it to ensure that they are
working to the current issue. Any errors and/or constructive comments shall
be notified to ADSSC.
a) Pipelines 60 years
b) Structures 30 years
d) Instrumentation 5 years
a) Climatic Data.
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
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A description of the geology of Abu Dhabi and the requirements for site
investigations are given in the Geotechnical Design Manual.
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
The designer must be aware of all his responsibilities regarding health and
safety in the design and detailing of a project and shall:
a) Ensure that any design he prepares and which he is aware will be used
for the purposes of construction work includes among the design
considerations adequate regard to the need:
b) Ensure that the design includes adequate information about any aspects
of the project or structure or materials (including articles or substances)
which might affect the health and safety of any person at work carrying
out construction work or cleaning work in or on the structure at any time
or of any person who may be affected by the work of such a person at
work.
c) Co-operate with ADSSC and with any other designer who is preparing
any design in connection with the same project or structure so far as is
necessary to enable each of them to comply with the requirements and
prohibitions placed on him in relation to the project by or under the
relevant statutory provisions.
d) Comply with the requirements of the ADWEA Health and Safety Manual.
Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
b) VM reviews should be carried out throughout the project life cycle, as set
out in the value management plan, and the number required will depend
on the project complexity. The reviews should generally follow the
following sequence:
Civil works cost estimates may be built up using local rates and allowing
further margins for overhead and profit of any overseas involvement.
a) Project complexity.
b) Levels of competition.
e) Operations expenditure.
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
i. Labour.
ii. Power.
iii. Chemicals.
iv. Sludge disposal.
v. Maintenance and spares.
Currently, labour costs are generally low; therefore high manning levels can
be acceptable.
Maintenance costs should be agreed with ADSSC based upon the value of
the asset cost.
Net Present Value (NPV) or Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) calculations are a
method of comparing capital and operations costs over a period to
determine which has the lowest overall value. In essence, all costs are
reduced back to present day prices.
Capital costs for expenditure in the first year, Year 0, are the actual costs
whereas costs for future capital expenditure, e.g. phased construction or
replacement of plant, are represented by the sum which invested now would
build up to the capital sum needed in the future.
Operations costs are represented by the present day sum that invested now
will enable the annual running costs to be paid and reduce to zero at the end
of the term.
NPV = Cost/(1-r)n
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
1.4.10 DRAWINGS
c) Load path showing the safe load transfer from structural elements to the
ground.
e) Concrete properties.
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
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j) Types of structures.
k) Dewatering requirements.
Approval shall be obtained from the ADSSC to use design standards other
than those detailed above.
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
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Both the working stress and the ultimate stress methods of calculation are
acceptable and shall be in accordance with the recognised standard.
Drawing format as specified in the CAD Manual shall be adopted for all
design projects.
All drawings are to be signed by a qualified engineer and two initials of the
draughter, designer and checker must be included as appropriate in the title
block.
a) Cover sheet.
b) Index of drawings.
c) Location plan.
d) Project drawings.
e) Standard drawings.
The consultant has total responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of
the plans, calculations and related documents as required under the scope
of work.
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
1.5 MATERIALS
Materials shall be chosen which result in the least maintenance and are not
prone to decay by weathering or corrosion causing structural deterioration,
leakage and infiltration.
Established International Standards and guides such as ASTM, BS, EN, ISO
and WIS shall be followed in the selection of and specification for
construction materials. Ideally, the material product should be covered by
an established ISO 9000 Quality Control system and wherever possible a
third-party quality assurance scheme.
Design
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Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Temperature
Degree C
Mean Dry 19.8 20.7 23.1 27.1 29.4 32.0 30.9 33.5 30.9 28.9 25.3 22.0
Bulb for
Month
Daily Ave. 24.4 25.3 28.5 33.4 36.7 38.5 41.3 39.2 37.3 35.7 30.1 26.3
Max.
Daily Ave. 15.2 14.5 19.6 22.0 23.6 27.4 31.1 29.8 26.7 23.0 20.3 16.9
Min.
Absolute 30.1 32.7 39.8 41.7 41.9 44.6 44.8 45.5 43.0 39.6 36.7 31.3
Max.
Absolute Min. 12.0 10.5 13.2 15.6 18.6 24.5 26.5 26.0 24.7 21.0 15.4 13.3
Ground Min. 13.2 13.0 15.7 19.7 21.3 25.6 30.2 28.9 24.9 21.0 18.7 15.1
Daily Ave.
Absolute 9.0 8.3 11.6 13.3 15.7 22.8 24.5 24.6 21.8 17.8 13.9 10.4
Ground Min.
Earth 50cms. 25.2 24.4 25.8 29.4 31.5 34.7 36.8 36.8 36.5 34.1 30.8 27.5
Daily Ave.
Earth 26.8 25.7 26.1 28.6 30.5 33.2 34.9 34.9 35.8 34.2 31.8 29.0
100cms.
Daily Ave.
Relative
Humidity %
Mean RH for 68 65 56 50 55 58 57 66 67 65 63 68
Month
Daily Ave. 83 88 82 71 79 80 79.3 84.7 85 86 78 85
Max.
Absolute 100 100 100 84 97 91 92 92 94 100 90 100
Max.
Daily Ave. 51 43 36 28 28 33 32.8 42.2 41 29 45 50
Min.
Absolute Min. 37 15 10 13 11 17 17 13 13 16 10 27
Wind Speed
(46' above
ground)
Knots
Mean Wind 7.2 6.5 7.4 8.2 7.3 8.5 8.9 8.8 7.9 7.3 8.1 6.9
for Month
Absolute 24.0 32 31 27 25 27 26 25 22 19 23 32
Max. (for at
least 10
mins)
Highest Gust 30.0 45 39 39 32 33 30 34 30 25 29 30
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
Precipitation
(Rainfall)
mm
Total Amount Nil 20.1 0.8 2.7 TR Nil TR Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.3
Max. for any Nil 10.5 0.7 2.1 TR Nil TR Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.3
one day
No. of days Nil 5 2 4 2 Nil 3 Nil Nil Nil Nil 1
with Rain
Atmospheric
Pressure
mbs (MSL)
Mean for 1019 1018 1014 1010 1006 999 997 997 1005 1012 1016 1019
Month
Cloudiness-
Oktas
(Eighths of
Sky)
Total Cloud- 1.8 2.6 1.8 2.7 0.6 0.8 2.1 1.4 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.6
Mean for
Month
Low Cloud 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 Nil 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.0
(8000) - Do
Evaporation
mm
(Standard
Piche)
Total for 464 413 517 404 482 N/A 456 382 316 339 30.9 24.8
Month
Max. for 24 28.1 28.0 29.0 25.0 28.5 29.0 24.2 19.3 16.5 16.10 19.8 17.0
hours
Solar
Radiation
mls
Total 306 354 506 501 607 637 537 515 507 487 363 313
Distillation of
Water
Maximum 14.2 16.6 22.4 21.2 24.5 21.6 22.8 20.1 19.3 23.2 15.2 16.0
Distillation of
Water for 24
hours
Visibility (vis
1000m in 24
hours)
No. of Fog 7 7 4 Nil 2 Nil 1 1 2 6 Nil 7
Days
Note: The above data is provided for guidance of climatic conditions prevalent to Abu
Dhabi. The designer should obtain latest data and confirm the accuracy for use in specific
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
Designs.
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Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
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Legend to Appendix 2
Note: The above data is provided for guidance only. The designer should obtain latest data
for specific design purpose.
Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
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The following are typical analyses of groundwater samples that have been
encountered in Abu Dhabi.
Note: The above data is provided for guidance only and should be verified by the designer
for specific design purposes.
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Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
The following is typical potable water analysis, based on data from Umm al Nar
desalination plant.
PH 8.3 - 8.8 -
Conductivity 250 - 500 µ S/cm
Total alkalinity as CaC03 20 - 30 mg/l
Hardness as CaC03 20 - 35 mg/l
Chloride 60 - 120 mg/l
Sulphate 5-7 mg/l
Residual chlorine 0.4 - 0.8 mg/l
Calcium 8 - 15 mg/l
Magnesium 4-7 mg/l
Note: The above data is provided for guidance only and should be verified by the designer
for specific design purposes.
Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
Legend to Appendix 5
Note: The above data is provided for guidance only. The designer should obtain latest data
for specific design purpose.
Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
1 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
2 MATERIALS SELECTION
Design
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Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
3 PIPES
The material for a pipeline must be selected to suit the liquid being
conveyed, the installation conditions and locally sourced if possible.
(*) Stainless steel has very limited use in sewerage works due to cost and may be
considered in process applications in pumping stations.
Design
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Guidelines
Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
A buried pipe and the soil surrounding it are interactive structures. The
extent of the interaction and hence the magnitude of the pipe loads arising
depends on the relative stiffnesses between the pipe and the pipe bedding
and native soil. Pipes are generally classed into rigid, semi-rigid or flexible,
depending on the degree of this interaction.
Rigid pipes are those where due to the nature of the pipe material, only very
small diametrical deflections are possible before fracture occurs at a well
defined limiting load. These deflections are too small to develop significant
lateral passive pressure in the pipe zone fill material due to external vertical
loading. Thus all the external load is taken by the pipe itself and bending
moments are induced in the pipe wall. The design of rigid pipes is based
upon the concept of a maximum loading at which failure occurs. Some
examples of rigid pipe are reinforced concrete pipe (RC) and vitrified clay
pipe (VC). “A Guide to Design Loadings for Buried Rigid Pipes”, TRRL1987,
can be considered as a good design guide for rigid pipes, whilst in other
conditions BSEN 1295-1:1998 “Structural design of buried pipelines under
various conditions of loading” can be of help.
Design
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Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
surround. Some examples of semi-rigid pipe are ductile iron (DI) and
cylinder type pre-stressed concrete.
Although rigid pipes support vertical loads mostly through their inherent
strength and little support is generated by the horizontal soil reaction,
nonetheless the selection of an appropriate pipe bedding installation can
significantly increase its load bearing capacity by ensuring a more even
distribution of vertical loads onto the pipe itself and also by transmission of
the load by the pipe to the trench formation beneath.
There is a much greater interaction between flexible pipes and the pipe zone
material. The integrity of a flexible pipe is therefore critically dependent on
the width and degree of compaction of the pipe bedding material and the
stiffness of the native soil. A flexible pipe should be surrounded with
granular bedding material. Sufficient trench width each side of the pipe is
essential to allow correct placement and compaction of the granular bed and
surround. Incorrect placement will lead to distortion of the pipe walls. A
geotextile membrane is often employed to avoid loss of fines from the native
soil and/or to stiffen up the pipe zone material.
3.4 JOINTS
Flanged joints for rigid connections are normally employed for above ground
use and within pumping stations. Nuts, bolts and washers should be
specified to suit the prevailing conditions e.g. stainless steel in wet and/or
corrosive environments.
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
Joints can also be formed by solvent welding (uPVC pipes) and in-situ
lamination (GRP pipes). The pipes themselves are flexible and can
accommodate limited differential settlement through longitudinal bending.
For HDPE pipes and fittings butt-fusion welding is the preferable method.
Universal mechanical couplers are also available particularly for jointing
HDPE to pipes/fittings composed of different material. Flanged joints can
also be formed, generally comprising a slip-on galvanised mild steel flange
restrained by an integral stub return on the pipe end.
4 STRUCTURES
4.1 GENERAL
Structures within the networks are usually constructed using concrete, either
in-situ poured or with pre-cast elements or a combination of both. Concrete
is a relatively cheap material produced locally using locally sourced
materials, cement, aggregates, clean water, admixtures etc. Approved
readymix companies and precast yards should be selected to provide
concrete.
a) For fresh concrete bleed, setting time, slump and slump retention,
temperature, bulk density.
There are five general types of cement classified by ASTM C 150. The five
Design
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Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
types are designated as Type I through Type V with each classified for a
particular type of application based on its properties. OPC in designated as
Type I and SRC is designated as Type V.
4.3 ADDITIVES
The additives used to modify the properties of fresh and hardened concrete
are of the following general categories:
c) Air-entraining agents.
d) Accelerators.
e) Retarders.
f) Waterproofers.
g) Viscosity modifiers.
i) Fungicides, etc.
Additives may be useful for specific applications, but the claims made by
manufacturers of such products should be well supported with long-term,
impartial test results.
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over plain Portland cement concrete and their use should be evaluated on
an as-needed basis. Three of the most common one are briefly discussed
below:
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
0
d) Crack spanning ability, equal to or better than 2mm at 40 C.
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
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Epoxy coatings have been in use for more than 30 years. Although the
coating offers an additional protection against corrosion it should be noted
that it is prone to damage during the transportation, handling, cutting,
bending and fixing. Site repair kits are usually provided by suppliers but
control of the possible damage during all stages of construction is often not
sufficient.
Design
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Design Guidelines
Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
5 MANHOLES
Manholes are generally designed in both cast in-situ and precast concrete
with protective coatings on internal and external faces.
For sewage applications, the internal liner must be corrosion resistant and
generally GRP with vinylester resin rich outer layer is used. For ease of
construction, it has been found that use of double-skin GRP units as
shuttering has proved successful. The units can be manufactured in one
piece for small depths but generally come as separate units that have to be
in-situ laminated together.
With the recent developments in technology new materials like HDPE and
PVC-u may be considered for use in construction of manholes and
chambers. ADSSC will review the viability of application of the new materials
providing that they can offer competitive alternative to the concrete structure.
6 MANHOLE COVERS
The most common materials now in use are ductile and cast iron. Cast iron
manhole covers are manufactured in several countries in the Gulf region,
India, Europe and Australia.
For sewage manholes and chambers, the frames need to be gastight and
watertight. This can be achieved by inclusion of a separate removal plate
often manufactured in GRP with an EPDM rubber seal.
Standards for Covers on Sewerage Manholes are shown in the table below.
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
The top of the rungs should have a non-slip surface for safety reasons.
Furthermore, to avoid failure during use it is of the utmost importance for
steps and ladders to be resistant against corrosion which can result from
high temperatures, humidity, chlorides and hydrogen sulphide gas where
sewage effluent is present.
There are several types of materials used for steps and ladders in manholes
as discussed below.
Design
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Abu Dhabi Sewerage Services Company
(ADSSC)
nickel and chromium has the greatest corrosion resistance for use in
structural and civil engineering works. The minimum grade is to be grade
316 S31 to BSEN 10084. It is durable in most situations encountered in
marine applications with the exception of anaerobic conditions, which may
occur due to marine growth and in stagnant conditions where the oxygen
supply is low. Under these circumstances, stainless steel, owing to the
breakdown of the protective oxide film, is subject to pitting and crevice
corrosion, a tendency that is increased in the presence of chlorides. All step
iron design shall be approved by ADSSC.
END OF SECTION
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