Transverse joints in succeeding layers shall be offset at least 2 meters.

8.28 PROTECTION OF COMPACTED LAYER

The Contractor shall protect all sections of newly compacted pavement from traffic until they
have hardened sufficiently to the approval of the Engineer. On heavily trafficked roads during
the summer months a minimum period of 7 days must elapse before the newly compacted
pavement is trafficked.

8.28.1 Compaction Trials for Bituminous Courses

8.28.1.1 Prior to the commencement of the bituminous paving operations, the Contractor shall construct
trial lengths, of at least 30 metres. The materials used in the trials shall be those approved for
use in the bituminous paving courses and the equipment used shall be that according to the
contractor's approved detailed Method Statement and equipment list and the programme of
work.
8.28.1.2 The object of these trials is to determine the adequacy of Contractor's equipment, the loose
depth measurements necessary to result in the specified compacted layer depths, the field
moisture content, (for earth works, subbase aggregate base course) and the relationship
between the number of compaction passes and the resulting density of the material.

8.28.1.3 The Contractor may proceed with the bituminous paving operations only after the method and
procedures established by the compaction trials have been approved by the Engineer.

8.29 SURFACE TOLERANCE FOR BITUMINOUS COURSES

8.29.1 At final compaction, the finished surfaces of the individual layers shall fall within the following
maximum tolerances, measured with a 3m straightedge laid in any direction.
• Base Course - 6mm
• Binder Course - 6mm
• Wearing Course - 3mm

8.29.2 The longitudinal regularity of the surfaces of surface course, binder courses and base course
in pavements without binder course shall be such that the number of surface irregularities is
within the relevant limits stated in Table 8.9.
An irregularity is a variation between 4mm and 7mm and between 7mm - 10mm in the profile
of the road surface as measured by the rolling straightedge or the type designed by Transport
and Road Research Laboratory or equivalent, along any line or lines parallel to the centre line
of the carriageway, on sections of 300m selected by the Engineer, whether or not it is
constructed in shorter lengths. Where the total length is less than 300m the measurements
shall be taken on 75m lengths. No irregularity exceeding 10mm shall be allowed.

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 Table 8.9

Wearing and Binder Course Base course

Irregularity 4mm-7mm 7mm-10mm 4mm-7mm 7mm-10mm

Length (m) 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 75

No. permitted 20 9 2 1 40 18 4 2

8.29.3 Prior to checking any final road surface, binder course or top surface of base in pavements
without binder course for level, regularity or texture depth, it shall be cleaned of loose or
extraneous materials. These operations shall be carried out without damaging the surfaces of
the pavement, as soon as possible and within 3 days of construction of the pavement.

8.29.4 Compliance with surface regularity shall be checked by the rolling straight edge along any line
or lines parallel to the edge of pavement on sections of 300m at regular intervals, whether or
not it is constructed in shorter lengths. Sections shorter than 300m forming part of a longer
pavement shall be assessed using the number of irregularities for a 300m length pro-rata to
the nearest whole number.

8.29.5 Pavements shall be measured transversely for irregularities at regular intervals, by a 3m long
straight-edge placed at right angles to the centre line of the road. The maximum allowable
difference between the pavement surface and the straight-edge shall be 3mm. In addition the
finished wearing course shall meet the following requirements when tested for readability.

8.29.6 i) The rideability of the finished wearing course when tested with a laser Road
Surface testing Machine shall have IRI (international Roughness Index) hot exceeding
the following valves.
Average value over a 400 m section < 0.90
Peak value over 25 m section < 1.50
(more than 2 values per 400 m section)

ii) The amplitude of the longitudinal profile of the road, filtered between (a) 1
meter and (b) 3.3m and 13m shall not exceed, the following values.
1m 3.3m < 1.80
3.3m 13m < 3.50

8.29.7 Rectification

Where any pavement area does not comply with the Specification for regularity, surface
tolerance, thickness, texture depth, material properties or compaction, the Engineer shall
determine the full extend of the area which does not comply with the Specification and
Contractor shall make good and the surface of the pavement course in the manner described
below:

(i) Aggregate Road base or Wet mix Macadam Road base

The top of 75mm shall be scarified, reshaped, with material added or removed as necessary,

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 and re-compacted all to the Specification requirements. The area treated shall not be less than
30m long and 2m wide or such area as determined by the Engineer to be necessary to obtain
compliance with the Specification.

(ii) Wearing Courses, Binder courses and Base courses.

These shall have the full depth of the course removed and replaced with fresh material laid
and compacted in accordance with the Specification requirements. The removal of pavement
layers shall be by cold planning to give a surface grooves not more than 5mm in depth.

Irrespective of the dimension of the defective area, the areas to be removed and rectified shall
be a minimum of 20m in length for wearing course and 15m for binder and base course. The
width shall be full width of the paver. When more than one layer is involved, each layer shall be
vertically cut back by 20cm.

Where the number of surface irregularities exceeds the limits in the Table 8.9, the area to be
rectified shall be 300m or 75m long as appropriate and full width of the lanes affected, or such
lesser length as necessary to make the number of surface irregularities conform with the limits
and shall be the full width of the lanes affected.

Testing of the wearing course for compliance with specification clause 8.29 shall be carried out
as soon as possible after completion of the surfacing and remedial works completed before the
road is opened to traffic.

8.29.7 All humps and depressions exceeding the specified tolerance shall be corrected by removing the
defective work and replacing it with new material as directed by the Engineer at the Contractors
cost.

8.30 TOLERANCE IN BITUMINOUS PAVING THICKNESS

8.30.1 The thickness of the bituminous paving courses shall be determined in accordance with ASTM
D 3549.

8.30.2 For the purpose of establishing an adjusted unit rate for bituminous paving courses, units to be
considered separately are defined as three hundred (300) linear meters in each traffic lane.
The last unit in each lane shall be three hundred (300) meters plus the fractional part of three
hundred (300) metres remaining. At least three (3) cores shall be taken at random from each
unit being sampled.

8.30.3 Other areas such as intersections, entrances, crossovers, ramps, etc., will be considered as
one unit and the thickness of each unit shall be determined separately. Small irregular unit
areas may be included as part of another unit. At such point as the Engineer may select in
each unit, one core shall be taken for each seven hundred fifty (750) square metres of
bituminous paving course.

8.30.4 If the core so taken is not deficient by more than three (3) millimeters from the specified
thickness, full payment will be made. If the core is deficient in thickness by more than three (3)
millimeters, from the specified thickness, two (2) additional cores shall be taken from the area
represented and if the average of the three (3) cores is not deficient by more than three (3)
millimeters from the specified thickness, full payment will be made. If the average thickness of
three (3) cores is deficient by more than three (3) millimeters, but not more than ten (10)

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