Sustainable Development, Guiding Principles and Values

4/19/2020 Sustainable Development, Guiding Principles And Values
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Sustainable Development, Guiding Principles And Values

Environmental studies have shown that the environment related problems of developed countries are mainly due to
industrial and technological development whereas undeveloped countries have environmental problems because of
poverty, over-population and illiteracy
Author Name: kavitakait
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Environmental studies have shown that the environment

related problems of developed countries are mainly due to
industrial and technological development whereas undeveloped
countries have environmental problems because of poverty,
over-population and illiteracy
Top
Sustainable Development: Guiding Principles And Values
www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1641/Sustainable-Development,-Guiding-Principles-And-Values.html 1/18
The well recognized principle of sustainable development for the protection and improvement
of environment has been unanimously accepted by the world countries as a strategy that
caters to the needs of the present without depriving the future generations of their right to
available natural resources. It has been rightly said that sustainable development is meant to
secure a balance between developmental activities for the benefits of the people and
environmental protection and therefore, “it is a guarantee to the present and bequeath to the
future generations.” The principle of sustainable development seeks to harmonise the conflict
between development which may be industrial, economic or social, and right to healthy
environment. In other words, the balance between environmental protection and
developmental activities could only be maintained by strictly adhering to the principle of
sustainable development.
Environmental studies have shown that the environment related problems of developed
countries are mainly due to industrial and technological development whereas undeveloped
countries have environmental problems because of poverty, over-population and illiteracy.
Undoubtedly, encouragement and boost to developmental activities is in the socio-economic
interest of a nation but this should not be at the cost of environmental degradation, because
this will not only affect the present generation but have its adverse impact on the future
generations. Therefore, sustainable development is the need of time so that development and
environmental protection, both proceed maintaining a balance.
‘Development’ has been recognized as a human right under Rio- Declaration of 1992. But all the
nations (parties) participating in this summit unanimously agreed that economic or industrial
development should be carried out in a manner that it does not adversely affect the
environment because environmental pollution is a potential danger to human life and in that
case, what is the use of such development? It is for this reason that the principle of sustainable
development was evolved in this world summit for maintaining a balance between
development and environment, and it was realised that both should go hand in hand.
What is Sustainable Development

The principle of sustainable development has evolved on the basic assumption of co-existence
of two apparently conflicting notions i.e. development and environment. But from the practical
point of view, ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainability are inseparable. As
William Rees has rightly pointed out that maintenance of ecological integrity has to be
accorded primacy over achievement of socio-economic human needs, thus there should be a
convergence between ecological and economic factors in the developmental process.
The principle of sustainable development emphasises on two basic needs, firstly, need for Top
socio-economic development and secondly, need of limitation imposed on the environment's
bilit t ith th t df t i t
capability to cope with the present and future requirements.
Explaining the inter-dependence of conservation and sustainable development, the Brundtland

Report (1997) said:
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their, own needs…. Sustainable
development requires meeting the basic needs of all and extending to all opportunity to satisfy
their aspirations for a better life.”
Basic objectives of Sustainable Development

The principle of sustainable development seeks to achieve the following three basic objectives:
(1) to maintain production of goods and services for development and efficiency;
(2) conversation and management of neutral resources including preservation of bio-diversity
and maintenance of biological integrity;
(3) maintenance and enhancement of the quality of life adopting the principle of equitable
distribution of wealth and material resources.
These objective may respectively be called as economic, environmental and social objectives of
the principle of sustainable development.
From the environmental point of view, the objective of the principle of sustainable
development centres round three issues, namely, (i) to maintain essential ecological processes,
(ii) to preserve genetic diversity; and (iii) to secure sustainable utilization of species and
ecosystems.
Scope of Extent of Sustainable Development

The concept of sustainable development, as pointed out the chairperson Ms. Brundtland in her
report (popularly called the Brundtland report) is aimed at meeting the needs of the present
without compromising the ability a future generations to meet their own needs. Commenting
on sustainable development, the Former President of the World Bank James D. Yolkenson
observed, “it is for us to think as to what kind of world we want. Do we want to bequeath a
world for our future generation a poorest world wherein innumerable people die of hunger,
climate uncertainty, biodiversity at its lowest ebb and social conditions most unstable? This
observation of Volkenson clearly shows that the central focus of sustainable development is
not confined to the present happiness of the people but it also expends to safeguarding the
interests of the coming generations.
Sustainable development involves a multi-faceted approach i.e. (1) economic, (2) human, (3)
environmental, and (4) technological. It is a process which seeks to bring improvement in the
quality of human life alongwith conservation of the ecological system. Thus, development and Top
environment, both are inter-dependent and therefore, there cannot be development without
protection of environment, nor can there be conservation of environment without

development.
The former U.N. General-Secretary Kofi-Annan had identified five areas for the applicability of
the principle of sustainable development. They are (1) water, (2) health, (3) power and energy,
(4) Agriculture and (5) Bio-diversity.
Former Prime Minister of India Smt. Indira Gandhi had categorically stated in her address at
the Stockholm Conference, 1972 that water, air, land, soil, plants, trees and living organisms
must be preserved because they are valuable natural resources for the benefit of the future
generations.
Salient Principles of Sustainable Development

The principle of sustainable development which received international recognition as a result of
Brundtland Commission Report (1987) was overwhelmingly supported by all the nations. Some
of the salient principles which underlie the concept of sustainable development were spelled
out in the Rio Declaration, 1992 and Agenda 21. Therefore, these principles have got to be
necessarily followed in order to achieve the objective of sustainable development. These
principles are as follows:
(1) Inter-generational equity;
(2) Use and conservation of natural resources;
(3) Environmental protection;
(4) The precautionary principle;
(5) The ‘Polluter Pays’ principle;
(6) Principle of liability to help and co-operate;
(7) Poverty eradication; and
(8) Principle of ‘public trust’.
(1) Inter-Generational Equity.- The principle of inter-generational equity pre-supposes the right
of each generation of human beings to benefit from cultural and natural resources of the past
generation as well as the ‘obligation’ to preserve such heritage for future generations. The
principle emphasises on conservation of biodiversity resources and of the renewable sources
like forests, water, soil etc.
The principle of inter-generational equity has its genesis in Principles 1 and 2 of the Stockholm
Declaration, 1972 wherein environment has been taken to be resource basis for the survival of
the present generation and right to be beneficially used by the future generations. Both these
principles are reproduced as follows:
Principle 1.- Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of Top
life, in an environment of quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being, and he bears a
q y p g y g
solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for the present and future
generations.
Principle 2.- The natural resources of the earth, including the air, water, lands, flora and fauna,
and especially representative samples of natural ecosystems, must be safeguarded for the
benefit of the present and future generations through careful planning and management, as
appropriate.
In A.P. Pollution Control Board v. M.V. Nayudu, the Apex Court observed that where the
State Government makes an attempt to balance the need of the environment and need of the
economic development, it would not be proper to prohibit it from doing so. In such a case, it
would be safer to apply the ‘protective principle’ and the ‘principle of polluter pays’, keeping in
mind the principle of sustainable development and the ‘principle of inter-generational equity!
2. Use And Conservation of Natural Resources - This principle requires that earth's natural
resources should be carefully used in such a way that they may be conserved and enhanced for
the future generation. It must be borne in mind that natural resources are already depleting
due to poverty, over- population, urbanisation, industrialisation etc. and there is likely to be
acute shortage of these resources in future. Therefore, there is dire need to develop techniques
and technologies which may need minimal utilization of natural resources.
The principle of use and conservation of resources is founded on the theory that the present
generation should be modest in their exploitation of natural resources for the benefit of the
future generations. This will secure the conditions of survival for future generations. This
principle has been accepted by the international community in the form of Principles 8 and 23
of the Rio Earth Summit Declaration, 1992.
Principle 8 provides that in order to achieve sustainable development and a high quality of life
for all people, States should reduce and eliminate unsustainable pattern of production and
consumption. Thus, use and conservation of natural resources should be an essential principle
of sustainable development.
Similarly, Principle 23 of the Rio-Declaration (1992) specifically states that the environment and
natural resources of people under oppression, domination and occupation, shall be protected
by all means.
The Supreme Court applying the principle of careful use and conservation of natural resources,
observed in the case of A. Jagannath v. Union of India, that activities of the industries
violative of this principle and of, environmental legislations must be discouraged.
Top
In Indian Handicrafts Emporium v. Union of India, the indigenous ivory or ivory articles were
prohibited from being exported as it impugned Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 and was also
prohibited from being exported as it impugned Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 and was also
against the moral claims embodied under Article 48-A of the Constitution and principle of
conservation of natural resources.
3. Environmental Protection
Environmental protection is an integral part of sustainable development. Most of the nations
have enacted environmental protection laws to ensure sustainable development within their
territories. In order to reinforce sustainable development, an effective environmental
protection mechanism is needed. It is generally seen that inadequate protection of
environment or its degradation affects the poorest sections of the society most as they draw a
large part of their livelihood from unmarked environmental resources such as forests, water
from hand pumps, air polluted and noisy slum dwellings etc. The problem of environmental
protection generally emanates from water resources, forests, agriculture, industry, energy and
power etc., therefore, policy decisions in these sectors should be environmental oriented and
well planned so as to ensure that there is no degradation in the natural environment.
So far India is concerned, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is the central legislation.
Besides, there are some other pollution control and prevention laws and States have also
framed their own anti-pollution laws according to their local requirements. The ultimate object
is to ensure sustainable development for protection of environment from being degraded or
polluted.
4. Precautionary Principle
The precautionary principle seeks to ensure that a substance or human activity which may
cause a threat to the environment is prevented from causing harm to environment, even if
there is no conclusive scientific proof of linking that particular substance or human activity to
environmental damage. Thus, precautionary principle pre-supposes that onus of proof is on
the industrialist to show that his action is benign, that is not harmful to environment.
The precautionary principle in the context of environmental protection is essentially about the
management of scientific risk. It is a component of the concept of ecologically sustainable
development and has been defined in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration, 1992.” According to
this principle, “where there is threat of serious or irreversible environmental damage, lack of
full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent
environmental degradation." In other words, any human activity or behaviour which bears the
harmful effect to the environment, has got to prevented at all costs.
It may be stated that prior to the precautionary principle as incorporated in Principle 15 of the
Rio-Declaration, 1992, Principle 6 of the Stockholm Declaration, 1972 relating to the Top
Assimilative Capacity Principle was the governing rule which provided as under :-
“The discharge of toxic substances or of substances and the release of heat in such quantities
The discharge of toxic substances or of substances and the release of heat, in such quantities
or concentrations as to exceed the capacity of the environment to render them harmless, must
be halted in order to ensure that serious irreversible damage is not inflicted upon ecosystem.
The just struggle of the peoples of all countries against pollution should be supported.”
Thus, the assimilative capacity principle assumed that science could provide policy-makers the
information and means necessary to avoid encroaching upon the capacity of the environment
to assimilate impacts and it is presumed that relevant technical expertise would be available
when environmental harm was predicted and there would be sufficient time to act in order to
avoid such harm.
The precautionary principle has received legal recognition in almost all the international
instruments and has now become an integral part of the United Nations Environmental
Programme. The European Community has adopted the principle in the Bergen Declaration on
Sustainable Development, 1990 and reiterated that environment related actions should predict,
prevent and ‘suppress environmentally harmful factors’.
Beginning with Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum v. Union of India, the
Supreme Court explicitly recognised the precautionary principle as a principle of Indian

environmental law in a number of subsequent cases. Justice Kuldeep Singh of the Supreme
Court in Vellore Citizens case laid down the following rules with regard to precautionary
principle :-
(1) The State Governments and local authorities are supposed to anticipate and then prevent
the cause of environmental degradation. They are supposed to check the activity which is
damaging for environment;
(2) Merely because there is a lack of scientific knowledge as to whether a particular activity is
causing degradation, it should not stand in the way of the Government;
(3) The onus of proof is on the actor (i.e. person who does the activity) or the
developer/industrialist to show that the action was environmentally friendly.
In order to achieve the above, the following precautions are supposed to be taken:
(i) The decision should be based on best possible scientific information and analysis of risk;
(ii) Where there is uncertainty but potentially serious list exists, even then precautionary
measures are supposed to be taken;
(iii) Ecological impacts should be given paramount consideration, more so when resources are
non-renewable or where the result is irreversible;
(iv) The indication of the cost should be made known directly to the person who if does not take
precaution, can be called upon to meet the expense – a subject which may fall under the head
“polluter pays Ii principle.”
Top
In Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India, the Apex Court explained that “when there is
f i d l k fd i l b h
www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1641/Sustainable-Development,-Guiding-Principles-And-Values.html
fd ll i 7/18
a state of uncertainty due to lack of data or material about the extent of damage or pollution
likely to be caused, then in order to maintain ecological balance, the burden of proof that the
said balance will be maintained, must necessarily be on the industry or the unit which is likely
to cause pollution.”
5. “Polluter Pays” Principle

All the member countries participating in the Organisation For Economic Co-operation and
Development (O.E.C.D.) agreed to incorporate in their environmental policies the principle of
'polluter pays' so as to discourage subsidies that could be detrimental for trade. They deemed
this necessary for the protection of environment and save the country from threats posed by
environmental pollution in modernised industrial societies. “Polluter Pays” principle was
considered to be one of the best method for prevention of environmental pollution. But there
were practical difficulties in working out an exact definition of the principle as there could be
dispute as to the limits on payment for damages caused and exact scope of the applicability of
principle.
Despite these difficulties, the European Community in its Action Programme on Environment
had accepted the ‘polluter pays’ principle as a part of its strategy on environmental matters.
The principle Was incorporated in Article 130 R (2) of the action programme which reads as
follows :-
(i) Preventive action is always preferable to remedial action;
(ii) Environmental damage should be rectified at source;
(iii) The polluter should pay the costs of the measures taken to protect and preserve the
environment;
(iv) environmental policies should be a component of the European Community’s other policies.
Finally, the “polluter pays” principle was recognised as an integral part of the sustainable
development by the international community arid was incorporated as Principle 16 of the Rio
Declaration of Earth Summit, 1992. The principle reads as follows :-
“Principle 16 National authorities should endeavour to promote the internationalisation of
environmental costs and the use of economic instruments taking into account the approach
that the polluter should in principle bear the cost of pollution with due regard to the public
interest and without distorting international trade and investment.”
As a matter of fact, this principle was already accepted and included as Principle 4 of the
Stockholm Declaration in 1972 but it was legally and internationally recognised as a substantive
principle of environmental law under Principle 16 of the Rio Declaration, 1992.
The Supreme Court in M.C. Mehta v, Kamal Nath, observed that ‘polluter pays principle has Top
been recognised as fundamental objective of Government's environmental policy to prevent
and control pollution. The Court in this case observed that the calculation of environmental
damages should not be on the basis of claim put forward by the party, but it should be on the
basis of examination of the situation by the Court, keeping in view the factors such as deterrent
nature of the award.
In Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum v. Union of India, the Supreme Court directed the Central
Government to constitute an authority under Section 3 (3) of the Environment (Protection) Act,
1986 and confer on this authority all the powers necessary to deal with the situation created by
tanneries and other polluting industries in the State of Tamil Nadu. The authority so
constituted shall implement the ‘precautionary principle’ and the ‘Polluter Pays Principle.’
6. Principle of Liability to help and Co-operate

This principle has been specifically incorporated in Rio-Declaration (1992) as Principle 9 which
provides that the States should co-operate to strengthen indigenous capacity building for
sustainable development by improving scientific understanding through exchanges of scientific
and technological knowledge and by enhancing the development, adaptation, diffusion and
transfer of technologies including new and innovative technologies.
Principle 10 of the Rio-Declaration further provides that environmental issues are best handled
with the participation of all concerned citizens at the relevant level. Emphasising the need for
mutual cooperation in environmental matters, Principle 12 requires the States to cooperate to
promote a supportive and open international economic system that would lead to economic
growth and sustainable development in all countries, in order to address the problem of
environmental degradation in a better way.
Finally, Principle 27 of the Rio Declaration expects people and the States to co-operate in good
faith and in a spirit of partnership in the future development of international law in the field of
sustainable development.
7. Poverty Eradication
Poverty is perhaps the worst contributing factor for polluting the environment and causing its
degradation. Smt. Indira Gandhi, the Late former Prime Minister of India, addressing the
Stockholm Conference on Human Environment in 1972 said, “of all pollutants we face, the
worst is poverty”. The Brundtland Report (1987) also attributed poverty as a potential cause of
environmental degradation as it reduces people’s capacity to use resources in a sustainable
manner, which eventually brings more pressure on environment and results into its
deterioration. Most of the developing countries’ are facing the problem of poverty which is
adversely affecting the environmental quality.
Top
The Earth Summit, 1992 also projected that elimination of poverty was utmost necessary for
e a t Su t, 99 a so p ojected t at e at o o po e ty as ut ost ecessa y o
achieving the goal of sustainable development, particularly m the developing countries.
India being a developing country, its more than 30 per cent people are living below the poverty
line. The pitiable condition 'of slum-dwellers, scaricity of food, fuel, kerosene oil etc. are serious
threats for environment. Due to lack of residential, houses crores of poor men, women and
children are compelled to live in slums and even on road-side temporary hutment in most
unsanitary conditions without sufficient food and water. Thus, they have to live in
unwholesome environmental conditions. Therefore, India needs cooperation and assistance
from the developed countries to help and support the poverty alleviation programme and
maintenance of wholesome environmental conditions.
Protection of Forests
It must be stated that awareness about the protection of forests is also closely connected with
the principle of public trust applicable for the preservation of natural resources. The State
being a trustee of forest-resource, it is the moral and legal obligation of the Government to
protect forests from being destroyed by indiscriminate felling of trees. If forests are well
preserved, it will reduce soil erosion and increase fertility of land and also cause sufficient
rainfall which is necessary for cultivation and domestic purposes in the form of water. But
despite these benefits from forests, the record shows that almost one-third of the part of the
forest in tropical region had been destroyed due to deforestation until the year 1970.
Unfortunately, destruction of forest still continues and nearly 1,70,000 sq. k.m. forest land has
been converted into plain for construction of industries, complexes and other commercial
purposes. Besides, seven lakh hectare land has turned into desert and gallons of polluted
water is being flowed in rivers, lakes and seas causing irreparable damage to environment and
ecosystem.
In view of this destruction of forests, the Government is failing in its duties as trustee of this
valuable natural resource and causing damage to its beneficiaries i.e., the peop1e could not
exploit it for their own use, what to talk of leaving it for use by future generations'! Even now, it
is not too late and there is need on the part of the State to protect and preserve the valuable
natural resources as a trustee and people to cooperate with the administration to protect
environment from being degraded.
Conclusion
It is true that in order to improve and protect the environment from pollution sustainability
must be there between environment and development. The concept of sustainable
development based on the notion that natural resources should be exploited for the benefit of
both present and future generation. As we know that increased industrial activity worldwide Top
requires the use of natural resources which are depleting day by day. It is also true that the
need for resource conservation efficient use of resources and environment friendly corporate
need for resource conservation, efficient use of resources and environment friendly corporate
policies and behaviour has now been recognised worldwide. The country needs an
Environmental policy and planning, while being globally sensitive must be based on local
needs. Finally, if sustainable development has to move from mere wishful thinking and slogan-
mongering into a reality, the world (developed and developing) as a whole has to move towards
a new world order in which new economic and technological orders are dovetailed. Such an
order has to be aimed at benefiting the poor because in the chain of sustainable development,
the weakest links are poverty and inequality. Last but not least, if the principles of sustainable
development are followed then definitely with the economic growth and industrial
development of a country environment protection can be maintained.
REFERENCES
1. Agarwal, S: Legal Control of Environmental Pollution
2. Krishna Iyer, V.R. – Environmental Pollution and the Law
3. Paras Diwan – Environmental Administration – Law and Judicial Attitude
4. Srivastva A.B. – Product Global Environment, 1994
5. Jaswal, P.S. & Nishtha – Environmental Law
6. Shanta Kumar S. – Introduction to Environmental Law
7. J.J.R. Upadhaya – Environmental Law
8. V.N. Paranjape – Environmental Law
***********
# Assistant Professor, Institute of Law, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, E-mail
kavitakait@gmail.com.
# Dr. Vinay N. Paranjape, “Environmental Law” (2013) Central Law Agency, p. 74.
# N.D. Dayal v. Union of India, (2004) 9 SCC 362.
# The UN Earth Summit, 1972 held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
# William E. Rees : Understanding Sustainable Development (1998) p. 20.
# Philippe Sands: Principles of International Environmental Law (1995) p. 198.
# Report of the U.N. Commission on Environment and Development titled as Our Common
Future (1987) p. 43.
# Article 39 (c) of the Constitution of India.
# P.S. Nathani : Environment, Natural Resources and Pollution, (2007) p. 53.
# These issues were discussed in the Rio Earth Summit, 2002.
# Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India, AIR 1996 SC 2515.
# P.S. Jaswal and Nishtha Jaswal: Environmental Law, (2009) p. 120.
# (1999) 2 SCC 718 (739).
# See also Consumer Education & Research Society v. U.O.I., (2002) 2 SCC 599 (605) ; Intellectual
Forum v. State of A.P., (2006) 3 SCC 549 (576).
# (1997) 2 SCC 87; see also M.C. Mehta v. U.O.I., (1997) 2. SCC 353 (known as Taj Trapazium Top
case), Animal & Environment Legal Defence Fund v. U.O.I., (1997) 3 SCC 549 etc.
# (2003) 7 SCC 589
# (2003) 7 SCC 589.
# The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, The Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981 ; The Wildlife (protection) Act, 1972, The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980,
The # Biodiversity Act, 2002 and the Rules made under these Acts.
# United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio-de-Janerio, 1992.
# Year Book of International Environmental Law, 429 (1990).
# (1996) 5 SCC 647.
# The Supreme Court discussed the development of precautionary principle in its decision in
the case of A.P. Pollution Control Board v. Prof. M V. Nayudu, (1999) 2 SCC 718; In M. Stalin v.
Chairman, # Bhimrao Nagar Palika Parishad, AIR (2001) 2 AP 308, the high court refused
permission for starting a slaughter house in a public place as it was likely to cause pollution.
# (1996) 5 SCC 647.
# (2000) 10 SCC 664.
# Simon Stuart Bell: Environmental Law, (1991) p. 97.
# Ibid., 64.
# (2000) 4 SCC 213.
# (1996) 5 SCC 647; (Popularly known as Tamil Nadu Tanneries case). The Central Government
accordingly constituted the “Loss of Ecology (Prevention & Payment of Compensation
Authority” w.e.f. # September 30, 1996.
# ‘Our Common Future’ – The World Commission on .Environment & Development, (1987) pp.
49-50.
# Olga Tellies v. Municipal Corporation, Bombay, AIR 1956 SC 180; see also Vanvasi Sevashram
v. State of U.P., 1987 SC 374
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Kartik Bagchi
The Union Cabinet is all poised to table an amendment to the marriage laws, which, in the event of a divorce, would give the wife an equal share
of not only the property acquired by the husband during or before the marriage, but also his inherited or inheritable property. This proposed
amendment is already creating a furore.
Like · Reply · 19 · 6y
Mallikarjuna Sharma
That is quite insane proposal. Self-acquired property can be disposed of at will - is the established law and this contradicts it. Even if
elements of social or public interest are there, those should not totally drown the established law. The maintenance provisions should be
made more stringent and adequate by reform but not such divesting of property for a song.
Veeraswami Panjan
Mallikarjuna Sharma It is not divesting of property for a song Sharmaji, when two join in wedlock, they flurish and family become
established. This society was men dominated, is being men dominated and I feel bad and continue to be men dominated. Hence, to
safeguard the interest of women folk who have to face so many illtreatment are protected through this historic measure. Why not we
support.
Lakshmirajyam Jonnalagadda
Execute documents of all the property in the name of your beloved wife and then you will face the music. men are the strong enemeies
of the men and idiotically they see cruelity in men and the regular and continuous female mess in houses which lead to the disastrous
state of affairs for the men folk and it has become a regular irony and more than 90% of women who seek divorce recite the stupid
stanza that their live is full of thorns and many impedements espeically after marriage as if their life at their parental houses ran on
golden carpet. Present day should be taken into consideration to ascertain present day oproblems and the days of great great grand
fathers or the inception times of this Kali Yuga.
Show 5 more replies in this thread

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T k G d
Tukaram Gaude
hi
Brijesh Mithaulia
Jenny Kay : Thank you Rose Sarah. I am Brijesh Kumar Mithaulia from India. I am in similar situation today, only genders have changed.
I have contacted father Dr Jude and has asked me for some details. Will send him shortly.
Like · Reply · 1 · 39w
Brijesh Mithaulia
Its such a coincidence that I found your blog.
Like · Reply · 2 · 39w
Angel Vijayvidya
Can anyone help me.i am suffering from dowry harassment.i am mentally have depressed from my husband.
Nilesh Pawar
Go to Police Station and file Section 498A of IPC
if getting Physical harrasment you can file Domestice Violence in the appropriate Court and get Protection from Husand & relatives of
husband
Abhinav Vishnu
What's ur actual problem, u r not mentioned facts here
Abhinav Vishnu
Is it belongs to dowry ,or, cruelty,or , harrassment, domestic violence,or ,adultry,or, desertion, what is ur actual problem
Anita Rao
Top
India being democratic country and having protective laws for women , its high time to have special courts for women to try cases exclusively
women cases only...........
o e cases o y
Sharon Chatterjee
woman courts is no solution it fact we need capable judges who are not appointed politically
Aparna Singh
Sharon Chatterjee Right
Muneeta Dhiman
By demanding women courts, we ourselves are encouraging gender discrimination in our country. We can't encourage and demand
gender discrimination at the same time. It's time to have more courts and efficient judicial system. Let's demand and create that!!!
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Sustainable Development, Guiding Principles and Values

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4/19/2020 Sustainable Development, Guiding Principles And Values

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Sustainable Development, Guiding Principles And Values

Author Name: kavitakait

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Environmental studies have shown that the environment

What is Sustainable Development

Explaining the inter-dependence of conservation and sustainable development, the Brundtland

Basic objectives of Sustainable Development

Scope of Extent of Sustainable Development

protection of environment, nor can there be conservation of environment without

Salient Principles of Sustainable Development

Beginning with Vellore Citizens’ Welfare Forum v. Union of India, the

Supreme Court explicitly recognised the precautionary principle as a principle of Indian

5. “Polluter Pays” Principle

6. Principle of Liability to help and Co-operate

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ISBN No: 978-81-928510-1-3

Author Bio: Name : Kavita Designation : Assistant Professor Institute of Law Kurukshetra

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