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Maths Form 5 : Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations 1

6.1 Permutations

6.1.1 Multiplication Rule

If event A happens in r ways and event B happens in s ways,
then the number of ways that event A happens followed by event B,
is r x s.

1. In how many ways can a man dress himself up from 4
different shirts and 3 different pairs of pants for a party.
Number of ways of choosing a shirt =
Number of ways choosing a pair of pants=
Total number of ways of dressing up =
2. Ann plans to travel from Banting to Kuala Lumpur via
Klang. From Banting to Klang, she has the options to travel
by bus or taxi. From Klang to Kuala Lumpur, she has the
options to travel by bus, taxi or train. Determine the
different combination of modes of transport Ann can use to
travel from Banting to Kuala Lumpur.

3. A restaurant offers the choice of a meat, a vegetable, a 4. A quiz consists of 10 true/false questions. How many
dessert and a drink for a lunch special. If there are 4 types different answer sheets are possible?
of meat, 3 vegetables, 5 desserts and 2 drinks available to
choose from, how many different lunch sets are available?

5. Rahim has 3 options of selecting a city to be visited from 6. There are 2 routes joining towns A and B and 5 routes
tour package A and 5 options from tour package B. If he joining towns B and C. Find the number of different ways
going to select a city from each package, in how many of travelling from town A to town C via town B.
different ways can this be done?

6.1.2 Permutations of n different objects

 Permutation is the number of ways of arranging the object where the order of arrangement is
important.

 The number of permutation of n different objects is given by

n! = n  (n  1)  (n  2)  ....  3  2  1

1. How many different ways can the alphabets in the word 2. How many different ways can 6 different paintings be
‘SUN’ be arranged? arranged in a row on a wall?

3. In how many different ways can 12 different books be 4. In how many different ways can all the letters in the word
arranged in a row on a shelf? ‘SMART’ be arranged without repetition?

5. In how many different ways can 7 students be seated in a 6. How many 4-dgit numbers can be formed using the digits
row for the photo session? 1, 2, 3 and 4 without repetition?

7. In how many ways can all the letters in the word 8. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, find the number
“FRIENDLY’ be arranged without repetition? of 9-digit numbers that can be formed without repetition.

9. There are 10 rings of different colours. In how many ways 10. Find the number of ways to arrange all the alphabets in the
can all the rings be arrange in a row? word “UNIVERSAL”
 Add. Maths Form 5 : Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations 2

The number of permutations of n objects of which p of one type are alike, q of a second type are alike
n!
=
p! q!

1. Find the number of different arrangements of the letters of 2. Find the number of different arrangements of the letters of
the word BANANA. the word EVERMORE

3. Find the number of different arrangements of the letters of 4. Find the number of different arrangements of the letters of
the word ZOOLOGI the word MENTERI

5. In a row of 7 books, 3 are the same. Find the number of 6. How many 5-dgit numbers can be formed using the digits
different arrangements of boos that can be made. 1, 1, 3 ,4 and 5 without repetition?

7. How many 6-dgit numbers can be formed using the digits 8. How many 7-dgit numbers can be formed using the digits
1, 3, 3,5, 5 and 5 without repetition? 1, 2, ,4, 4, 4 ,5 and 5 without repetition?

6.1.3 Permutations of n different objects taken r at a time

The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is

n!
n
Pr 
(n  r )!

1. How many 3-digit codes can be formed by using the digits 2. How many different 5-letter arrangements can be made
1,2,3, …,8 without repetition? from the letters of the word “COMPUTER” without
repeating any of the letters?

3. There are 10 scouts in a group. In how many different 4. In how many different ways can 2 of the letters in the word
ways can 4 scouts in the group be arranged in a line? “WISDOM” be arranged without repetition?

5. How many 4-digit numbers can be formed using the digits 6. Find the number of 3-digit numbers that can be formed
1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 without repetition? from the digit 1,2,3, 4,5 and 6 if repetition of digits are not
allowed.

7. 20 students are vying for the 3 prizes offered in a Science 8. There are 10 different books in a shelf. How many ways
quiz. How many possible ways are there of awarding the can 4 of them be arranged in a row?
prizes to the top 3 winners?

9. State the number of ways to arrange 3 letters from the 10. How many 4-digit numbers can be formed using the digits
word “SMART” without repetition. 1 to 9 without repetition?

6.1.4 Permutations of n different objects for given conditions.
1. In how many ways can all the letters in the word
‘SECTION’ be arranged without repetition such that
the first letter is vowel ?
[2160]
3. In how many ways can all the letters in the word
‘SECTION’ be arranged without repetition such that
the first and last letters are vowels ?
[720]
5. In how many ways can all the letters in the word
‘SECTION’ be arranged without repetition such that
the first letter is a vowel and last letter is a
consonant ?
[1440]
7. In how many ways can all the letters in the word
‘SECTION’ be arranged without repetition such that
the vowels placed adjacent to each other ?
[720]
9. How many five-digit even numbers that can be
formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 without
repetition.
Add. Maths Form 5 : Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations 3
2. In how many ways can all the letters in the word
‘SECTION’ be arranged without repetition such that
the first letter is consonant ?
[2880]
4. In how many ways can all the letters in the word
‘SECTION’ be arranged without repetition such that
the three letters in the middle are vowels ?
[144]
6. In how many ways can all the letters in the word
‘SECTION’ be arranged without repetition such that
the first letter is E and last letter is T ?
[120]
8. In how many ways can all the letters in the word
‘SECTION’ be arranged without repetition such that
the vowels separated from each other ?
[4320]
10. How many five-digit odd numbers that can be
formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 without
repetition.

[72]
11. How many five-digit numbers that are greater than
40000 can be formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 6 and
7 without repetition.
[72]
13. In how many ways can 2 boys and 3 girls be
arranged in a line if the two boys must be at the
front and the back of the line respectively ?
[12]
15. 8 different cards are to be arranged in a row. In how
many ways can all the cards be arranged if 2
particular cards must be next to each other ?
[10080]
6.1.5 Permutations of n different objects taken r at a time for given conditions
1. How many four-letter codes can be formed using the
letters in the word ‘WINSDOM’ without repetition
such that the first letter is vowel ?
[240]
3. How many four-letter codes can be formed using the
letters in the word ‘WINSDOM’ without repetition
such that the first letter and the last letter are vowels
? consonants ?
Add. Maths Form 5 : Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations 4
[48]
12. How many five-digit numbers that are smaller than
can be 40000 formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 6 and
7 without repetition.
[48]
14. In how many ways can 2 boys and 3 girls be
arranged in a line if the two boys must be at the
first two position of the line respectively ?
[12]
16. 8 different cards are to be arranged in a row. In how
many ways can all the cards be arranged if 3
particular cards must be next to each other ?
[4320]
2. How many four-letter codes can be formed using the
letters in the word ‘WINSDOM’ without repetition
such that the first letter is consonant ?
[600]
4. How many four-letter codes can be formed using the
letters in the word ‘WINSDOM’ without repetition
such that the first letter and the last letter are

[40]
5. How many four-letter codes can be formed using the
letters in the word ‘WINSDOM’ without repetition
such that the first letter is a vowel and the last letter
is a constant ?
[200]
7. How many five-letter codes can be formed using the
letters in the word ‘WINSDOM’ without repetition
such that the vowels placed adjacent to each other ?
[720]
9. How many four-digit even numbers that can be
formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 without
repetition.
[72]
11. How many four-digit numbers that are greater than
can be 3000 formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 6 and
7 without repetition.
[96]
13. 2 boys and 4 girls are to be seated in a row of 5
chairs. Find the number of ways they can be seated
if the first and the last are boys.
[48]
15. Calculate the number of ways to arrange 3 different
Mathematics books and 4 different Sciences books
Add. Maths Form 5 : Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations 5
[400]
6. How many four-letter codes can be formed using the
letters in the word ‘WINSDOM’ without repetition
such that the first letter is S and the last letter
is D ?
[20]
8. How many four-letter codes can be formed using the
letters in the word ‘WINSDOM’ without repetition
such that the vowels separated from each other?
[4320]
10. How many four-digit odd numbers that can be
formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 without
repetition.
[48]
12. How many four-digit numbers that are smaller than
can be 6000 formed using the digits 2, 3, 4, 6 and
7 without repetition.
[72]
14. 2 boys and 4 girls are to be seated in a row of 5
chairs. Find the number of ways they can be seated
if the first and the last are girls.
[288]
16. Calculate the number of ways to arrange 3 different
Mathematics books and 4 different Sciences books
 Add. Maths Form 5 : Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations 6
on a bookrack if the Mathematics books have to be on a bookrack if the Sciences books have to be
placed together. placed together.

[720] [576]

SPM Questions

1. How many 3-digit number greater than 200 can be 2. How many 5-digit even number can be formed from the
formed from the digits 1, 2 and 3 without repetition? digits 1, 2 , 3 ,4 and 5 without repetition?

Number of arrangement = Number of arrangement =

3. How many 5-digit number greater than 30000 can be 4. How many 4-digit odd number can be formed from the
formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without digits 2,3,5 and 7 without repetition?
repetition?

Number of arrangement =
Number of arrangement =

5. Find the number of ways the letters from the word 6. Given 4 letters are chosen from the word “FAVOUR”, find
“SMILE” can be formed if the arrangements begin with the number of arrangements that end with the vowel.
a vowel?

Number of arrangement =
Number of arrangement =

7. How many 4-digit number less than 7000 can be formed 8. How many4-digit number greater than 4000 can be formed
from all the prime numbers between 1 and 10 without from all the prime numbers between 1 and 10 without
repetition? repetition?

Number of arrangement =
Number of arrangement =

9. How many 3-digit odd number can be formed from the 10. How many 3-digit even number can be formed from the
digits 1to 9 without repetition? digits 1, 2 , 3, 4 and 5 without repetition?

Number of arrangement = Number of arrangement =

11. 5 boys and 3 girls are to be seated in a row. Calculate 12. How many 5-digit number can be formed from the digits 1,
the number of possible arrangements if the 5 boys have 2 ,3, 4 and 5 without repetition, if the digit 1 and 4 must be
to be seated together. arrange together??

Number of arrangement = Number of arrangement =

13. 3 boys and 2 girls are to be seated in a row. Calculate 14. All the letters from the word “MOTHER” are to be
 Add. Maths Form 5 : Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations 7
the number of possible arrangements arranged. Calculate the number of possible arrangements if
(a) if two boys have to be seated at the ends. the arrangement begins with the letter “K”

(b) If the two girls have to be seated together. (a) the letters O and E must be arranged side by side.

15. The diagram shows 5 letters and 3 digits. 16. The diagram shows five cards of different letters.

A B C D E 6 7 8 E
H B A T
A code is to be formed using those letters and digits. The
code must consists of 3 letters followed by 2 digits. How (a) Find the number of possible arrangements, in arow, of
many codes can be formed if no letter or digit is repeateed in all the crds.
each code? (b) Find the number of these arrangement in which the
(SPM2003/1/22) letters E and A are side by side..
(SPM2004/1/23)

17. Diagram shows seven letter cards. 18. Diagram shows six numbers cards.

U N I F O R M 3 5 6 7 8 9

A four-letter code is to be formed using four of these A four –digit number is to be formed by using four of these
cards. cards.
Find How many
(a) the number of different four-letter codes that can be (a) different numbers can be formed?
formed, (b) different odd numbers can be formed? [4 marks]
(b) the number of different four-letter codes which end (SPM2008/P1/23)
with a consonant. [4
marks]
(SPM2006/P1/22)

19. Find the number of different arrangements of the letters 20. Find how many different odd 4-digit numbers less than
of the word MEXICO. Find the numbers of these 4000 can be made from the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 if no digit
arrangements may be repeated.
(a) which begin with M, (“O” level N02/2/5)
(b) which have the letter X at one end and the letter C
at the other end.
(“O” level J03/2/7)
Add. Maths Form 5 : Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations 8