The Sounds of Speech File 3.1 _Atough anguagesanin pepe we odes of cmmunkton te than sound (orice vik tot bean act ome hors av cased ht urog evral opparat range fee Imanbandsoengagetn ste sth sand ht urna ae inte vation oe seen, Pe tnt sy oepech ound ch te iy ny haa phone ‘le co aces involved h communicating sing By 20 Fit of al speakerenodestannginto sounds whch eo ae pfs ing the tongue bps a ore ‘Story ore, Tene snd eae ough te ito eae tr Ten hsp ete them hgh aun paces lly taniting then bck ino mean. Ther ae tee feet pcs ote study tap ound: tetany pons te sho he pation a Specroounts cote hoa ayo ears ede ysl rope ook {Binks (cheno tnquey and draons nd oui proe esto he erepon Pre sy oar poets hasat hw lngsthisoy ange the sctachesot Phocians ity dead by th rete cet In ppt mal My Fat Legos on Benard Se’s ply Pyros weeps Higgins vs acly Maal seb See Nop ctr pny evar analy fund wan A parte error teapot, as ‘ot eyo 8 rng tetas ban phot uo gets tet one ‘ond owing wp trent nor weraningt Maman eure ene parece Arup tees testy of hw phones peep pats tn td sipion nla ofthe nde acing tee popes Exh thw eect ‘into pnts wile catia Gs at oo, and becca phones elses wi abo karin anu yaa pete bos at ngs ave {eseoped or repretng sph cds na oe cpr ce und eprarNedy ne ‘symbol and each ym epee sgl sound Comper tse with Engh nay Geropeing whichis ot ones tox exampi secimacin a ce _ ana ‘Saterandshrcer rte lat ale ae age: + Scmeties singe ound ape by combiner, at ck a aks atop spl ore + mies ting ter eps moran eso sine ou {Sametime iter tnd fr wu at al a eS hth lan, bs, oF ‘The Sounds of Speck Fie3 onan twee ens and utguastocs he Say ne symbols yu willbe learning can be used to transcribe the sounds of any language: Phonetic symbols are writen with gine rah [Jo dating nom leeror words en oder o. "Hogrphy I sinortat emer tatty ot esa slot and a ey op smetnthe sounds olbangunge otters fa wings Phonetic Symbols fo the Consonants of English Symtol Sample Word tpl LS a hcugh ppc 1) ol globe, amb ule td Sep patch potted ta) discrep. ved ated tk st cae tiga ced tel sag np dnt, Fgh pi cbt tack Batman (onal (a feng pop texte Ww vot doe gel av args 1) hough wth hit ae ech coy {a} Anedhomete th ee (ontop i soap, psyche ck ec pene fe pond ines eon sgn fa ‘Sie ct la ue (ewe este) a ‘ste on ay, cay cn en) th) osha eh le we fa coke math etre ou contuet (alg ately o alge Geog 1-0 oad veda ae) [en] soe amb snack, me ample [n} ‘ps tnige sno mee (o} Sig tink ge ge ane enema uy Ie ot yd pad tl sel ac Hans prte cap ld te bt dete te (exp [oe] sin ing ge wih i You enti ead wy [oy] she whee a whl (vl) hy forthe dis inwich sisana Phonetics Syllabie Consonants im) inl ny i Phonetic Symbole fr the Vowels of English a 0 le) te (x) ty) to (oh b) i, cnt jc. buses pt ot ashe oa bogiewengie boat te, rom thowbh over fa} po ater sees, Map ial but tugh.anter ¥en fal ameng.sle Dipntnongs: fay] iSelect and [aw] bout rown dew fewer out [oy] veya pepe. arney coin cotsbe'™) cotton) (ona) (easing) (opeaty (ur mingey) (cpa 'eh) (ut tiny (usta (open (edge tess (eta) iC pp 4-7 or mere comprehensive iting of phonetic rte usd in his ook, ‘erangun ces han gish an copa se erst Pho File 3.2 Articulation and Description of English Consonants Engl spc sur ar famed by converting therm tat fred out of he lange {eo th oral aac bh np sounder snd cnt ay ae sud oe ‘ade ung ptmone erste sara ctu OB inten mest se pe ‘wel When deeb acoaaant ecemy to provieneston sD te ee ‘ach tse willbe daca atm I the ecptn af pea cunts ores need be Sie ee und volo rei ple ean” 3 What the pot rcltin? Fee note tats hae and cebu, whenever wey tinge a(n ap" he [lino what we ly ean te woe be ound pete ty he yee Pe ee rember tht wen tang tou soa rd eet ou the lone yet epee ‘Components of Human Speech Production “oe ae he compen of human physlyinpt fr pst of pee See gure 1JOnly woo bem wile dead indtall Ones thet, whch seta heed 8 Sue oti sneer woe wet above arya, which’ lh ala al ites The turd te subgltaltem whch ep ft epson syste ated ble fe3 Phonetics sags gue 1. Tete componett pe prof From ise nd Bhan Set Pay C1080) p.4 pyr 19% Carnie Unveraly Pess A Right Re ‘States ofthe Glotis amanchave slays smeties alld voi at he top fe ten wind) Wain he pei mae coe ops moe coe at Tafapol such epg tates the on ow rr an ea fold domed ah © ‘ean aes ew te hase aly gen tr ot ey Thora fescue lst thf of ai comag up toe ngs pastes gh tty The folly abe beheld cle neta co at hey ae as pas ough Ty pating ‘nigh nour thm x puting your nga your ae arth making dean ut Yo (rea es eerste neon Ba sow maa ga uo) ne ‘nwa vation cr uss ating This ut th vibaton oe Yecl lds Sounds made ‘id ween The st sods owing pao wonder oly nat he Sound Scent Fst word of ch para ved nt aed ts npr a wher whe 2 un pe (thc ep 4. Bt ainton Gre iy (ate Fa ituion © fa © tna 5m ht aa ce (hha tab ‘el si Atialtion and Description of English Consonants Pie32 poi orl es aay Cel aa as ‘he ra hing iscenay ont abot aun whan proving anata dxcrption hen whether vce reveal sare ibang) rece th i voc ie vee), Place of Articulation shee the eal wut sre te aro Than ed oath sap ‘eshintgh lib nl Ida Graeme ose Engaharwotaieta tant i as Icrotat—ourdal se ae witht ipo te ange be he fn eth. The ace rotor sounds ings] band]. ‘eft ind your Uper tot oh he nal ie lle he ala hig. Eo {ahmaknseen sounds wine lone op torn aces oa ol lS (etaPhonetics + pata if youl you fge ge backalg theo lyr moat you wl note at he ate "oe pti satan he pee pect sa Soune mae wiht ong ete Rad Parte te ef of out ali pala sous Erlsh mes ve sands he pono {hehe pale ea mere (Sta Mju hse precy B28 ana hae strep sou, ya de the we even te sel ge a he aed Pane Wel seth plo ence hw nde Engh howeee) «Naar the st pf tot of eth end the Rad plat aed the vam Suns Ide withthe eng eet een ae be lt hy he ar sends in gis (Sta a pt andl a. 1+ hoa space teenth aa ids isthe gala. xpi has twoscunds made the go ‘i Ove ieny tear inte istry Tre ter cad lot wp ees aed Phare (7) Taso orusbeloe each! bevel acum a ante Articulation and Deseripton of English Consonan le32 Manner of Articulation Bends nhc annie wa ing dpa atin i te produce sound The manne of testa ond depend rg lsu ea ‘eaters hw ln get apart hey 2) pss ae maby obi ttm comply oh rl vit. Nai that when yousay Ip ana] yout ite coe topes me ppg om ps restos ea ee a stp (1 BL and ig aes slope What te te pat “he potalsiop,PLiamas by omental cls the vals The expo ni athasa (eteto nach vel yous alway tough toh and old your acs postion forthe ‘conta yo ul ab yor ange at oy (ve ahr Feuestrctves sete by forming 2 aly compl Hoppage he alten. The pesingtonegh wich he aenaps evo sal a fitonw pence ash a emp ng ons punctured tee mains Nasa} Samadety amon ppg mith ih fr othe Palate ia suson pt ator How moh you doer extot along To 0, BL Lait sngitc ars slightly 20 at con podund (Alcina Bough oles ombtion lastopand ircatve) Bgl hasonly Wo asa (end is combaston ot and sndsos somes traratd as is eis pi afte is comatose dlesomeinestapsrbd ld] How woul youre cathiogand ag the potuctor oral ound tn item can nape ou ugh he Sica two athouph hw wcrc rl coi When elm ie! agai ecko te Bt cleft phar) aan xap dough asl pseages unde mae withthe ‘lum nied ce oranda Te suds ogame pode withthe ear vere ses conpistrton thera cay. They aed pleas stapes he lc iSCumplety ott, ar eg te pecion fal op me det he vel rt an Sompce obsrction of he stam Xr i Fe evel een ne tengo ip pened gn! acl ge made mis Wea ee oth back the tcegue dopping ie iste ne velar pon In Egham aed Tras eed ni ma pt nl flee been fata else forthe el Aono bt bed for teartelstion (Ho wal ou debe Ig not atom on stop the ow or caus eo Thea proce by eng tengur ome svar ge nath he sistem expe oe ie the longue Taur be {ile tain Ligue ae cay ved Engl es! ae at ua Te {ratdcalofvaraion nthe ays spear of Eoglah mie rou ost ame yore and arsed {rth sel, and commen epee ing the tp a the gc ack behind he sheolrsdge ore reobex sun Forourpurpor Masi rl may boca aisle ee ae ee eaea Phonetics neg a made wit wee any met opener woes vow sound el tae yang th back a te ange ‘Swan the velum wie ung the these ies claim ind Ra fae (Race the ay i the way you acne h(n the Vowel ln he word a he oly ‘ange hat you of your eile moe a) fo rofacd jake wl, cept ate ‘ees ot al pears of Eplah awh son I ade wih. sh hare the pllal e {Bo is id ul ge oie te sary beeen andthe vowel in te war) “The chat Fgwe lhe consent Englehcan bel ores dec. Tore Se spteets ino endo t tYoucan ion tty hig Ini eplace of aaltion aly, ck the manne of run tel thea eto be ‘Mhndtusstal ow Lose foreclosed ining tat he sate oe ‘Pots durig the prodston of ts sed produces Ying Now lok above 3 Isnt ver Extienmanted neal Looking teary rr a tte he, mi orden slg ne of the actor: net fhe vocal tt ook the tee ah raced thoi "ou should amir youre wih te cat ofa you cn easy copie he phone sy ell hte rc nh Pm Moa hop | pb td k lg|? sz File 3.3 Description of English Vowels {syle nc, ade aon tat sround them ie cpsndon he voor thi a 1 Forni th dot gun mach toe pa rd aly point arco (pce of cost or anne owen ype and depe of conto), Iyotke vowels [avo lorena “rere sre wai ih opekes can hage the shape he eal at an hs sng ot eting ebay fe tongue Snecma ore ‘aking thee movers ith atense ot alaxgeire ‘Theson whan dechng vowel ts neces to provide eration about es fou ate UHesstiulton eth owel Refers techn igure aca asp dicPhonetics ‘Tongue Height 1 you ope 0 youral th vowel sou af a ttt fi [n}~you wild at ou cpen your south ate waders you change fo ie and he ile wider il yu "hanger ol These varying Soe f Openness conespnd adler depres of tngue ee igh or, fore an ow or). "igh vow ihe i ane th he fom he mothe open because the ong body 2 ud, orig Tr igh feng ae os av ml hk a, ik Convery ve ‘lsc thelaina a prance wh the ot tw mut open nthe tngueloer ah = {Restandat tte tenet of nginh Mid vowel teh tected with an nee ‘inte tengo hn Engh ese id vowels ate 9 oa ht at Auge it Nake ‘tatthevowel 9 onthe! steno sply nace Inmary Amatan dct, wo og 2c edn and Daman pronounce ier ely with an and a rectly In ther Armen lec the werd re roan the ‘hme Ii you pronounce ae pu te same you probsiy we the unvounded ore a ae ends rast speakers Engh however he vomel appear wode sch ool ad Tongue Advancement Besides rng high or mi oro te toga ab be pushed oral pled bk whi he tra cavity Foe example the hgh on eel ab th ody the tongue led an Pd forvardao jt unr heh pte Teg vowel otto the herb = ade bye th boy fh tongue bk the mouth toad te vn Toe tongue ‘ined er puted forwa forall te et vowel tains ks ale ‘ov plled bac or ack val 9, AL ine nk ps these woe a Saft [ol mth nt al nthe werd a Up Rounding ‘only doen onli poston When you sy [ln your pe sounded. Frthe [new thy av unourded Engh four mudd owe sn lof Sun. Tenseness ora ae comin mae ee tn tenga an ve te (One vm! youn enlace that he dance beeen the ese vows and els ger tanh datunce tte the ln vowels anf For eam, terse vowels te ade thm ‘Srgur parton othe sertigh ot vowel fife and tr a thai ote Ui La Vowels art ppt nthe outer eget he posite vowel space Compare toe with i mo eal ft th [lin Ine at amyl i at Aaticultion an Description of English Vows e333 tere ound vowel ao pce with re ed grip sounding than he a counter o ‘Now wean cenler some ample despise! gis vores + asin bight uno and ne 1 ytsinenpic mid beck unde anda 1 Glsinctinto bac wnnde nd 1 isonet coal nnd’ and lx. sett “ian rer to these + fopan cma rrtunounded anda Diphthongs Ass point we ll hae not decbe he owl sounds sme Eng words sch a hi, cn Unie the sample versed above, te sels thse we iptonge fartvonelsoundecrautngots vowel hein thesanesyabe yous he word ees ‘cnerrating en ow you maketh ove sod ou shou id hat out enue Sats tin he pti for fol aad aver ovar he ero oe ve ore omenponde alta ge [9] (ctigue iyo ave acl tine posing thes sounds, ty yng heron your tng Saying The shuld ep you ee apa tngur overt) This pong whch ‘soft ariclatons nd fo cvespeding sande writen with symbol fas a Ihapd eT ptt vowel ne worl ad the ng te ie tata pon ral nd move ons pt for (los hi iphbong i rte ow ei ll ut Foe me penters tbe ol pat ie ciphong wl be he fo) nt voto he word the Tengucows th fl poston ovate positon rorya vowel lean wit oy Sh hol The das boo Utne ange mavens nied inthe producto these Sipntooge TH \ Figure Tedptitang of nga ‘he postions ofthe voc nan fry] an [ae ef te poston fi and ep they Souipthongs won tase ann te sya fort seme natn aoe symbol wage emt yh ly a nl comb on (oi and ol Fhe mark we seb (eethe sein vowel of dpithong mdash th one! Sonn orm scat yale as 8 ‘rel wy woud fol woul the way wean [ol wo he way oeSagittal Section ExercisesEditors of Previous Editions 6th edition, 1994 Stefanie Jannedy Rober Poleto Tracey L. Weldon Sthedition, 1991 Monica Crabiee Joyce Powers Athedition, 1987 (Carolyn MeManis Deborah Stollenverk Zhang Zheng Sheng, 3rd edition, 1985 ‘Anete 8 Bissantz Keith A. onson 2nd edition, 1982 Carol ean Godby Rex Wallace Catherine Jolley 1st compilations, 1977-79 Deborah B. Schaller Joha W. Perkins Christian Latta Sheila Graves Geoghegan Language Files ‘Materials for an Introduction to Language & Linguistics Seventh Edition Editors Nick Cipollone Steven Fantman Keiser ‘Shravan Vasishth Department of Linguisties ‘The Ohio State University ‘Ohio State University Press Columbus