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Tutorial Lessons

 Introduc on to Newton’s Laws

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Box on a Surface Example
laws/introduc on-to-newtons-laws/)

 Introduc on to Forces  To do  5 min read

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/introduc on-to-forces/)

 Different Types of Forces Example: Newton’s Second Law: Box on a Surface

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/different-types-of-forces/) Contents [show]

 The Normal Force

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n Ques on
laws/the-normal-force/)

Two crates. 10 kg and 15 kg respec vely, are connected with a thick rope according to the
 Fric on Forces
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
diagram. A force, to the right, of 500 N is applied. The boxes move with an accelera on of 2
laws/fric on-forces/) m⋅s
−2
to the right. One third of the total fric onal force is ac ng on the 10 kg block and two
thirds on the 15 kg block. Calculate:
 Finding Sta c Fric on
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
1. the magnitude and direc on of the total fric onal force present.
laws/finding-sta c-fric on/)

 Finding Kine c Fric on 2. the magnitude of the tension in the rope at T.

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/finding-kine c-fric on/)

 More Sta c Fric on Examples

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laws/more-sta c-fric on-examples/)

 Normal Forces and Fric on

Experiment
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/normal-forces-and-fric on-
Tip:
experiment/)

Important: when you have tension in a rope in a problem like this you need to know that
 Fric on and Tension
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n both ends of the rope apply a force with the same magnitude but opposite direc on. We
laws/fric on-and-tension/) call this force the tension and you should examine the force diagrams in this problem
carefully.
 Force and Free Diagrams
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/force-and-free-diagrams/)
Step 1: Evaluate what is given
 Resolving Forces Into
Components To make things easier lets give the two crates labels, let us call the 10 kg crate number 2 and
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n the 15 kg crate number 1.
laws/resolving-forces-into-
components/)
Tutorial Lessons
 Introduc on to Newton’s Laws
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/introduc on-to-newtons-laws/)
We have two crates that have overall has an accelera on that is given. The fact that the crates
are ed together with a rope means that they will both have the same accelera on. They will
also both feel the same force due to the tension in the rope.
We are told that there is fric on but we are only given the rela onship between the total
fric onal force both crates experience and the frac on each one experiences. The total
fric on, F→f T will be the sum of the fric on on crate 1, F→f 1 , and the fric on on crate 2, F→f 2 .
We are told that F→f 1 → and F→f 2 → . We know the blocks are accelera ng to the
2 1
= F fT = F fT
3 3

 Introduc on to Forces right and we know that fric on will be in the direc on opposite to the direc on of mo on and
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n parallel to the surface.
laws/introduc on-to-forces/)

Step 2: Draw force diagrams

 Different Types of Forces
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/different-types-of-forces/)
The diagram for crate 1 will be:

 The Normal Force

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/the-normal-force/)

 Fric on Forces
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/fric on-forces/)

 Finding Sta c Fric on The diagram for crate 1 (indicated by blue do ed lines) will be:
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/finding-sta c-fric on/)

 Finding Kine c Fric on

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/finding-kine c-fric on/)

 More Sta c Fric on Examples

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
Where:
laws/more-sta c-fric on-examples/)

→ is the force due to gravity on the first crate

 Normal Forces and Fric on F g1

Experiment →
N is the normal force from the surface on the first crate
1

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
T
→ is the force of tension in the rope
laws/normal-forces-and-fric on-
F
→ is the external force being applied to the crate
experiment/) applied

F
→ f1 is the force of fric on on the first crate
 Fric on and Tension
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
The diagram for crate 2 (indicated by orange dashed lines) will be:
laws/fric on-and-tension/)

 Force and Free Diagrams

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/force-and-free-diagrams/)

 Resolving Forces Into

Components
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/resolving-forces-into-
components/) Where:

→ is the force due to gravity on the second crate

F g2

Tutorial Lessons →
N is the normal force from the surface on the second crate
2

→
T is the force of tension in the rope

 Introduc on to Newton’s Laws F

→ f2 is the force of fric on on the second crate
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/introduc on-to-newtons-laws/) Step 3: Apply Newton’s second law of mo on

 Introduc on to Forces
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/introduc on-to-forces/)
The problem tells us that the crates are accelera ng along the x-direc on which means that
the forces in the y-direc on do not result in a net force. We can treat the different direc ons
separately so we only need to consider the x-direc on.

 Different Types of Forces

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n We are working with one dimension and can choose a sign conven on to indicate the direc on
laws/different-types-of-forces/)
of the vectors. We choose vectors to the right (or in the posi ve x-direc on) to be posi ve.

 The Normal Force

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n We can now apply Newton’s second law of mo on to the first crate because we know the
laws/the-normal-force/) accelera on and we know all the forces ac ng on the crate. Using posi ve to indicate a force
to the right we know that Fres1 = Fapplied − Ff 1 − T

 Fric on Forces
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n F
→ res1 = m1 a →
laws/fric on-forces/)
Fapplied − Ff 1 − T = m1 a

2
Fapplied − Ff T − T = m1 a
 Finding Sta c Fric on 3
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n 2
(500) − Ff T − T = (15)(2)
laws/finding-sta c-fric on/) 3
2
−T = (15)(2) − (500) + Ff T
 Finding Kine c Fric on 3

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/finding-kine c-fric on/) Now apply Newton’s second law of mo on to the second crate because we know the
accelera on and we know all the forces ac ng on the crate. We know that Fres2 = T − Ff 2 .
 More Sta c Fric on Examples
Note that tension is in the opposite direc on.
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/more-sta c-fric on-examples/)
F
→ res2 = m2 a →
T − Ff 2 = m2 a
 Normal Forces and Fric on
1
Experiment T– Ff T = m2 a
3
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
1
laws/normal-forces-and-fric on- T = (10)(2) + Ff T
3
experiment/)

Step 4: Solve simultaneously

 Fric on and Tension
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/fric on-and-tension/) We have used Newton’s second law of mo on to create two equa ons with two unknowns,
this means we can solve simultaneously. We solved for T in the equa ons above but one
 Force and Free Diagrams carries a nega ve sign so if we add the two equa ons we will subtract out the value of the
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
tension allowing us to solve for Ff T :
laws/force-and-free-diagrams/)

 Resolving Forces Into

Components
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/resolving-forces-into-
components/) 1 2
(T ) + (−T ) = ((10)(2) + Ff T ) + ((15)(2) − (500) + Ff T )
3 3
1 2
0 = 20 + 30– 500 + Ff T + Ff T
3 3

Tutorial Lessons 0 = −450 + Ff T

Ff T = 450 N

 Introduc on to Newton’s Laws

(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n We can subs tute the magnitude of Ff T into the equa on for crate 2 to determine the
laws/introduc on-to-newtons-laws/) magnitude of the tension:

1
 Introduc on to Forces T = (10)(2) + Ff T
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n 3
1
laws/introduc on-to-forces/)
T = (10)(2) + (450)
3

T = 20 + 150
 Different Types of Forces
T = 170 N
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n
laws/different-types-of-forces/)
Step 5: Quote final answers
 The Normal Force
(h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/n The total force due to fric on is 450 N to the le . The magnitude of the force of tension is 170
laws/the-normal-force/)
N .

 Fric on Forces
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laws/fric on-forces/)

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 Finding Sta c Fric on
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 Finding Kine c Fric on
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 More Sta c Fric on Examples  Applying Newton’s Second Law (h ps://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/newtons-laws/applying-

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 Fric on and Tension

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 Force and Free Diagrams

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laws/force-and-free-diagrams/)

 Resolving Forces Into

Components
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laws/resolving-forces-into-