Types of Power

1. 1. Referent Power Chloe Aveyard

2. 2. • Referent power is power of an individual over the Team or Followers, based on a high
level of identification with, admiration of, or respect for the powerholder/ leader. •
Nationalism, patriotism, celebrities, mass leaders and widely-respected people are examples
of referent power in effect. • Referent power is one of the Five Bases of Social Power, as
defined by Bertram Raven and his colleagues in 1959. • Definition: Referent power refers to
the ability of a leader to influence a follower because of the follower's loyalty, respect,
friendship, admiration, affection, or a desire to gain approval. • Referent power is gained by a
leader who has strong interpersonal relationship skills. • Referent power, as an aspect of
personal power, becomes particularly important as organizational leadership is increasingly
about collaboration and influence rather than command and control.
3. 3. Negatives • To be able to have this kind of leadership you need to be able to have a
friendly yet business like relationship with your employers, so a Boss that doesn’t have that
relationship wont be able to have a reference relationship with their employers.
4. 4. Advantages • The advantages to reference power means that people want to follow you
because they like a respect you. • It will show that you have a very loyal band of followers.
5. 5. Examples • Stephen Fry Is a classic example he has a fan base of over 6.68Milion
followers. These people respect him and want to find out what he’s doing. He has Power
over his followers. • Lady gaga is also one she has 41.1 million followers on twitter ‘little
monsters’
6. 6. Business Example • A business man that has this kind of power is Nev Wilshire the welsh
business man, he has a loyal band of followers within his company because of his amazing
business skills But also his attitude towards his staff, his staff love and respect him, which
also adds up to a happy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xza0p28vC t4
7. 7. Sources of Power: Coercive
8. 8. Definition... Coercive power is based on the subordinates fear of the leader; maintained by
the use of threats and punishment.
9. 9. ... It’s often considered the most extreme form of autocratic leaders. Frequent use of
reprimands and a hostile attitude, threatening subordinates with the loss of status, loss of
employment or in extreme cases physical force. Staff are often scared of being shouted at or
being sacked. This fear empowers the manager.
10. 10. Advantages Disadvantages • Some (however few), can be motivated to work hard under
these conditions. • If employees respond positively then the workforce can have a very
positive, productive output. • Employees can be motivated to acquire similar levels of power.
• Few people can handle it. Some will not tolerate it, leading to a high labour turnover •
Subordinates feel isolated and unable to communicate any ideas. • Limited communication •
No sense of positive motivation and reinforcement • Employees often don’t feel wanted or
appreciated
11. 11. Business Context A manager whose position is based on coercive power can often be
effective on labour intensive environments, such as in factories or call centers, where the
mundane nature of the job requires extreme motivation!
12. 12. An example Although this may not be the case in the actual day to day business
environment, on the television show ‘The Apprentice,’ Lord Alan Sugar has created an image
based on coercive power. He uses a very aggressive tone and threatens candidates with the
sack.
13. 13. Legitimate power
14. 14. Definition The sense of power based on law and other formal authority such as terms of
reference for a specific role or position.
15. 15. Legitimate power is power you derive from your formal position or office held in your
organisation’s hierarchy of authority. For example, the leader of an organisation had certain
powers because of the position they holds within the organisation.
16. 16. Advantages and disadvantages Advantages - enables for a clear
hierarchy/organisational structure so subordinates know exactly - can often increase leaders
effectiveness, in the way of being a strong role model, a sense of trust and vision, strong
moral code and high expectations which can create a very productive workforce - many
people are used to accepting and using legitimate power Disadvantages - leaders can
sometime abuse their powers, for example miss deadlines or tries to exercise their power
over those whom they do not have legitimate power over - It does not alway result in
effective and flexible organisations, it gives employees power because of their role, rather
than because they have particular skills and talents.
17. 17. Examples - when the CEO determines the overall direction of the business and the
resources needed - when a senior pastor uses their legitimate power to cast vision, set the
agenda and organise staff effectively - when an executive pastor sets deadlines for
subordinates to submit annual goals - when a receptionist insists visitors check in before
proceeding to the managers office
18. 18. By Rupert Burnard
19. 19.  Reward power is when someone is given an reward for good work. To motivated
employees to work harder.
20. 20.  Reward power is the power to give someone a reward. This could be because they
have done a good job or all employees get a basic level of rewards. Rewards can be given in
bonus or money off products that the business, that they work for make.
21. 21.  Advantages: ◦ Promotes good behaviour ◦ Increases sales ◦ Promotes loyalty to the
business they work for  Disadvantages: ◦ Rewards can loses value if the same reward is
keep given out ◦ Some things which people may consider a reward others may not ◦ It also
costs the business money as it pays for the rewards
22. 22. Mole valley framers: • 20% discounted on mole valley products • Easy movement within
the business • Work place pension • Respected pay
23. 23. P O WE R EXPERT
24. 24. EXPERT • a person who is very knowledgeable about or skilful in a particular area. •
Expert power • Possession of particular expertise, skills and knowledge can give power. •
personal expertise and knowledge
25. 25. EXPERT POWER • Ability to influence other parties based on expertise and knowledge.
Expert power in an organization is the ability to influence the behavior of others in the
organization based solely on past experience and expertise in a specific area. Read more:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition /expert-power.html#ixzz2wt9g57S4
26. 26. ADVANTAGE • prevent other employees acquiring their particular knowledge and skills •
Offer subordinates some elements of their particular knowledge and skills to gain their
support and respect • Staff are more willing to accept instruction
27. 27. DISADVANTAGE • Too bossy • overconfidence • if the expert's knowledge is shared, his
power will probably diminish over time • if the expert does not share his knowledge, then the
organization will not be as effective.
28. 28. EXAMPLE -software engineer recently hired to lead the development of a new interactive
3-D action video game. great deal of experience and have developed some new techniques
that will bring gaming up a notch. Your team, and even your direct supervisor, is in awe of
your skills. They come to you for help in writing the programming code they have been
assigned to compose. You teach them some of your techniques, and you become the go-to
guy on the team and in the department. However, after about six months, almost all of your
team members, and quite a view of the department members, have learned your tricks, and
you are no longer sought out or listened to as much as you were before you shared your
knowledge. You once were able to exert expert power, but that power has been severely
diminished as you shared the knowledge.