INSTITUTIONALISM

DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN SOCIAL

SCIENCES GRADE 11
SECOND QUARTER

Guhit ni Wilmar Tawana

FAMILA T. MAXIMO
Developer

Department of Education. Schools Division of Benguet

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Schools Division of Benguet
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Published By:
Curriculum Implementation Division–
Learning Resource Management Section

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the

Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency of office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12

Curriculum through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning
Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS). It can be
reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged.
Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or
a supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is acknowledged
and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for
commercial purposes and profit.
 PREFACE
This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division
particularly the Learning Resource Management Section, Department of
Education, Schools Division of Benguet which is in response to the
implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.
This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education-
CID, Schools Division of Benguet. It aims to improve students’ performance
specially in understanding the theories of social sciences under the subject
Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. This module is designed to fit both
home study and home education with little to no supervision of parents or
adults. It is designed to meet both the requirement of MELC and the
curriculum guide release in 2016.

Date of Development : June 2020

Resource Location : Atok District, Benguet
Learning Area : Disciplines and Ideas in the Social
Sciences
Grade Level : 11
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Second quarter /week 2
Learning Competency/Code :

 Analyze the basic concepts and principles of

institutionalism.
 Apply the concept and principle of institutionalism
and its importance in examining socio-cultural,
economic, and political conditions.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who help in the
development of this learning material especially to Wilmar Tawana for patiently
drawing the cover page of this module, Dr. Ryan Guinaran for unselfishly allowing
me use his Parable and to mam Teresita Tillama and Joanabelle Morales for
extending their expertise and support. Also, the following people for the fulfillment
of this learning material would not be possible without them who gave their
support, helping hand and cooperation:

DIVISION LRMDS STAFF:

MELVIN L. ALFREDO ANTOINETTE D. SACYANG

Librarian II Project Development Officer II

SONIA D. DUPAGAN
EPS-LRMDS

CONSULTANTS:

ROSE N. ANAPEN
Coordinator, Araling Panlipunan
EPS II– ALS

RIZALYN A. GUZNIAN, EdD

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

NESTOR L. BOLAYO
Public Schools District Supervisor
OIC- Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

BENILDA M. DAYTACA, EdD, CESO VI

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC – Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Copyright Notice ii

Preface iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Content v

What I Know 1

What I Need to Know 1

What’s In 3

What’s New 5

What is It

What’s More

Activity 1 7
Assessment 1 7
Activity 2 8

Assessment 2 8

Activity 3 9
Assessment 3 9

Generalization 10

Application 10

Post Assessment 11

Additional Activities 12

Key Answers 13

Reference Sheet 14
 INSTITUTIONALISM
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN SOCIAL
SCIENCES GRADE 11
Quarter 2/Week 2

Guhit ni Wilmar Tawana

FAMILA T. MAXIMO
Developer

Department of Education • Schools Division of Benguet

 What I need to Know

The module intents to answer few questions about

institutionalism such as what is institutionalism? and what is formal
and informal institution?
Furthermore, it claries the role of institution to human as it
discusses how institution constrains social behavior. The activities
introduced in this module is purposely designed to identify and classify
institutions whether it is formal or informal institution and to justify how
the rules and regulation of the school help mold one’s personality or
constrain behavior.
Furthermore, the lessons would direct the students to decide which
form of government is best for the country should they want a better
institution.
As a facilitator or a support knowledge source of a learner, you are encouraged
and expected to do the following:
• Establish relationship with learners to gain trust and confidence,
• Guide the learners understand the concepts, skills, processes given,
• Assist or coach the learners to accomplish the required activities,
• Help the learners develop their academic potentials to able to cope
• Acquire the essential competencies and to manifest skills prescribed in the K to 12
curriculum and the 21st Century skills,
• To maintain and record the progress of the learners.
Instructions to the learner
As a learner, you are expected to do the following roles:
• Abide, respect and maintain good relationship with your learning facilitator at all
times,
• Be in constant contact with your facilitator or teacher for assistance in any concept
unclear to you,
• Be honest in answering the activities, and following the prescribed home learning
schedules and learning plans,
• Do your full potentials or best abilities in accomplishing the required activities.
• Read each direction/instruction carefully,
• Answer the pre assessment first before doing the other activities,
•
• Use other sheets of papers in writing your answers in all the required
activities that you will do,
• Take care of the module. Do not tear, stain or any unnecessary marks
in any part of the module, and
• Return your module to your teacher.
Having all done the activities in this module you are expected to:
1. Understand formal and informal institution and how it has
influenced man’s decision making.
2. Draw their ideal society as they create roles and regulation for the

What I Know

realization of such society.

Let’s see how familiar you are with the topic on institutionalism.
 What’s In

Before discussing the other approach of Social Science, let’s recall

about rational choice theory by answering the questions below:
A. Instruction; Write True if the statement is true and False if it is
wrong. Write your answer on the space provided.
________ 1. Using Rational Choice theory is a very comprehensive theory
which one can use to fully understand one’s behavior or action.
________ 2. According to Rational Choice Theory, individual’s actions are
based on their preference, belief, and feasible strategies.
________ 3. Rationality is based on whether preferences are evil or bad.
________ 4. There is so called bounded rationality because of the
assumption that an individual cannot have all the resources, time
and emotional detachment in making choices.
_________5. Rational choice Theory only uses explanations of the
disciplines under social science.
_________6. Sociologists say that an individual’s behavior is largely an
influence of social structure.
_________7. An individual may resolve to choosing what many people
choose.
_________8. Rational Choice Theory relies on Reason
_________9. Rational Choice Theory focuses on the individual as an actor
making the decisions.
_________10. RCT uses explanations across all disciplines.
B. Instruction: Identify what is being asked. Write your answer on the
space provided.
_____________1. It should be the focus of analysis as claimed by
behaviorist.
_____________2. The most important tool for economist in applying RTC.
_____________3. According to Heretics, man’s rationality is ____.
_____________4. According to sociologist Individual’s function is based on
the function of ____.
____________5. According to Psychologists, man do not act ____.
 What’s New

Read the following article and answer the questions that followed it.

THE PARABLE OF THE UNCIVILIZED IGOROT

BY: Dr. Ryan Camado Guinaran
The “uncivilized Igorot” is the nomme de gurre ascribed to inhabitants of
our beloved land and spices, peons and power. It’s a term though which has
managed to sleep into present-day bigoted cerebral masses. And the antonym
“civilized Igorot” supposedly speaks of the assimilated mountain people years
after being taught the ways of the West.
With an ecological lens and in more perspectives than one, I love the
uncivilized Igorot.
The so-called uncivilized Igorot regarded land as life and nature as his
culture. His concept of health and well-being could not be threshed from the
notion of environment. It was one and the same whole. His relationship with
nature was health. His relationship with the community was health.
The century – old Papatay or patpatayan trees,on whose feet offerings
were slaughtered and prayers chanted by the uncivilized Igorots, were actually
churches and shrines of the environmentally –conscious theism. And in our
present –day “civilized Igorot” towns, only this tree is sole witness to centuries of
loaded beautiful history. The civilized Igorots, with their highly—regarded civility,
should have considered each sapling and fine wood a Patpatayan tree on whose
feet, protection , water, and life were sustained. The Patpatayan more than a
tree, was a symbol of theism which had a dogma rooted in care for the
environment.
The ampasit spirit of the rivers and bodies of water caressed by the
uncivilized Igorots did not instill fear. It inculcated the value of liquefied life and
resources. The tomongao and the pinad-ing spirits were the eyes that spied on
the uncivilized Igorots’ behavior in the mountains. Hence the mountain did not
become bald and exploited. The tomongao was known to be the mining regulator
–gold, silver, and copper should not be squandered. Earth’s bosom should spill it
in just-right tranches. Now desiccated land and pockmarked and crying
boondocks wrought by the civilized Igorot with their highly-regarded capitalist
education lie aghast.
The snakes, owls and other animals for the uncivilized Igorot were unhurt
for these animal friends forewarned of luck or none, portended danger, or invited
good news. The civilized Igorot, with their highly-sophisticated conservation
program, trapped the good luck-bearing animals in zoos and cages, and
annihilated bad luck-bearers at the expense of natural predators in the food
chain.
The uncivilized Igorot was wary of pejew or taboos of going to sacred plac-
es which actually protected water sources and lush wildlife. The civilized Igo-
rot armed with his highly - regarded intellect knew pejew was a myth and
trounced on the placid nature.
The spirit themselves were the indigenous policies and laws of the uncivi-
lized Igorots. Environment was a doctrine. Pejew was a test of love for nature.
The tongtongs (dialogues) on consequences of their disobedience and disrespect
for the spirits instituted wisdom and become jurisprudence. All these engen-
dered discipline. They knew all too well that there was only one God and that He
loves nature.
It was for these and many other reasons that nature made the uncivilized
Igorot sturdy, fit, nourished, protected and envied . Le Gentil, 250 years ago
simply scribbled, “The People (uncivilized Igorots) have practically no necessi-
ties. Nature seems to have made provision for their safety. Nothing is more diffi-
cult than to conquer people who have no needs and whose ramparts are the for-
ests, mountains, impenetrable wildernesses, and high precipices.”
It is ironic that the very protector of the independence and integrity for the
uncivilized Igorot is the very instrument that the civilized Igorot and his cohorts
subdued and colonized badly. Now the civilized Igorot scrounge for all necessi-
ties. Their safety is not at all guaranteed with avalanche of loam, silt and mud.
Their vulnerabilities are exposed with the absence of nature’s care and shield. No
forests, mountains, wilderness and precipices stand to be ramparts against a
bleak tomorrow. He has lost his soul and culture, his doctrine and protector.
The greatest colonizer was not of any race, it has been greed cloaked in
civility. The civilized Igorot only thought of today and his immediate comfort-the
major, major mistake. At a glance we see the culture –deprived civilized Igorot
whose riches are spilling, only for today . But none is left for his children's’
sullied tomorrow.

Please answer the following questions.

1. According to the parable how does uncivilized Igorot regarded land, nature
and the environment?
2. In the parable, how does nature shaped the uncivilized Igorot?
3. In the parable, what happened to the civilized Igorot? What is his greatest colo-
nizer?
 WORDS TO PONDER

Annihilated—to destroy or to cause to cease to exit

Ampasit - Spirit owner, Nature spirit that are inhabitant of forest, cave, cliff or
nature
Bigoted - influenced something because of having a strong belief
Boondocks— remote area with less population
Desiccated— dried out
Nomme de Guerre—pseudonym / allias
Peons—workers
Pinad-ing
Pockmarked –scarred
Tomongao— also known as Tinmongao, malevolent spirit beings
Trounced—trashed

Through the text, You can probably imagine the kind of community the author is living in– what shaped
such community ,and how it was changed. To rephrase it, how it was reinstitutionalized as being referred
to as from an uncivilized igorot to a civilized one. In the next page you’ll read more about institutionalism.
 What is it

Institutional Theory - A social science theory which considers a

process by which norms, practices, constitutional law, rights,
customary laws, structures, schemas and routine becomes
guidelines to social behavior. (scott, 2004)
Institutionalization– It is a process of embedding regulations, norms,
schemas, rules within a social system or a society that regulates
human interaction.
Institution - an established regulations, law, norms and customs. This
may be classified as Formal and Informal Institution.
1. Formal Institutions– these are the formally established
institutions by a governing body. One example of formal institution is
the Philippine Government. It has power to impose new restriction
that has created a “New Normal”. We shouldn’t be going out without a
mask, maintain social distancing or stay at home policy.
Some other examples of formal institutions are the Student
Supreme Government at school, corporations, the cooperative in your
own barangays, labour union, religious institutions or any organizations
that provide structure in the society and the economy. It has formally
written laws that sets standard in the society.
2. Informal Institutions - these are not formally established but
the practices are widely accepted in a society. In many society, all types
of informal institution is applied in different activities. The practice of
Aduyun (the community coming together to help someone in need) among
the Ibaloys. The practice of Upo, a local term for any amount of money
being extended to the family of a dead person. It is not a rule to give to
the family of the dead but it is a practice that is widely accepted among
the Ibaloys and Kankanaeys of Benguet. In some instances, anyone in
a society who do not follow these norms could be frowned upon.
Different Approaches
To fully understand how institution shapes human behaviour, we need
to look at the different views and approaches of institutionalism.
1. Traditional or Classical Approach - this was characterized by Rhodes
as descriptive, formal-legal, and comparative.
Descriptive - because traditional approach uses past event as
reference to explain contemporary political events.
Formal-Legal - it is formal and legal because the approaches study
the influence of formal government organization and public law to
human behavior.
Comparative - clarification of views may be obtained by using thorough
comparison of the different system of government. Also, the
approach is much appreciated by studying the different system of
government.
2. Neoinstitutionalism/ New institutionalism/ Neo-institutionalism
When behavioralists became popular or has greater influence in the
mid-20th century, it opened the idea of looking into the study of politics
through political actors or through individual’s behavior rather than the
traditional approach of focusing into political institution.
Later in the 80’s, political scientist thought that traditional interest
in the political institution cannot be totally ignored neither the behavior-
alist idea of focusing into political actors. This then gave birth to the idea
of New Institutionalism where traditional interest and behavioralist idea
are both necessary in the study of politics and economics.
It is then safe to say that New institutionalism is an approach in
the study of social sciences by exploring rules, norms or culture that in-
fluence or constrain an individual’s action and choices as part of the po-
litical institution.
Branches of Neo-institutionalism
1. Rational Choice Institutionalism - this claims that the rationality of an indi-
vidual is influenced by the institution. It thinks of institution as rules and incen-
tives that shapes the individual’s behavior and influences his choices.
2. Sociological Institutionalism - this look at the institution not as a system of
rules and incentives but rather an institution which carries rules and norms
which are culturally constructed. These rule and norms were crafted with sort
of influence from the other institution with the idea of rules of appropriateness.
Rules of appropriateness was based on the idea of “logic of appropriateness”
as introduced by James March. These refers to rules driven by appropriate,
exemplary behavior and rightful actions.
Sociological institution then is being look into its appropriateness as an organi-
zation and how it’s participants or actors behave.
3. Historical Institutionalism- It adheres to the idea that the rules, feedbacks
and constrains through time has great effect in the behavior of political actors
especially in decision making.
 What’s More

ACTIVITY 1: Assessing institutionalism in the Parable of Uncivilized

Igorot.
Direction: Recall The Parable of the Uncivilized Igorot written by Dr. Ryan
Guinaran and Ponder the terms he used.
Assessment 1
Direction: Answer the questions below. Refer to the rubric as basis of
scoring.
1. Give examples of informal institution mentioned in the parable.
2. What institution is being referred to as the protector of independence?
How will you classify this institution?
3. If you are to institutionalized the “Uncivilized Igorot” as described in the
parable, what kind of law will you introduced? Give example of these laws.

10 points 4 3 2 1
Rubrics
Organization Ideas are Ideas are pre- Ideas are not Hardly under-
presented sented quite clearly stated stand the point
clearly with clearly with but can be quite of the essay
minimal gram- quite a number understood. and grammati-
matical errors. or grammatical Grammatical cal error is very
errors error is evident. evident.
Quality of infor- Information Given infor- Information is
mation given is clearly mation is relat- not quite related
related to the ed to the topic to the topic with
topic. Claims with at least 1 no supporting
are supported supporting evi- evidences given
with 2 or more dence.
evidences.
Source All sources are Sources are No source was
accurately doc- documented documented.
umented but did not fol-
low proper for-
mat
ACTIVITY 2: Identifying formal and informal institution in you community.
Formal and informal institutions are found in every community. Every com-
munity under formal government was institutionalized as it imposes written
policies and regulations. Think about the different institutions in your commu-
nity.

Assessment 2
Direction: Classify the different institutions that you have identified in your com-
munity. Use the diagram as representation of your identified institution. .

Brgy:

Legend:

- Formal institution

- Informal institution
ACTIVITY 3
Being a formal institution, the school has its rule and regulation
that is stipulated in the school handbook or it may have been discussed
during the first day of classes. Recall all these rules and list them all
down. You may interview an SSG officer or the SSG adviser.
Assessment 3
Having listed all the rules you’ve researched, classify them accord-
ing to whether it is helpful in moulding your personality or being by an-
swering the questions below.

What do you think is the impact of this rules

to you?

Rules that are helpful but has less impact

Rules that are very helpful to me.

How does this rules

affect your being?

How can these rules mould your personality?

 What I Have Learned

Institutionalism is a theory about study of ________, which shape

____________. There are two kinds of institutions - _______________ and the
____________. According to new institutionalism, as oppose to traditional
institutionalism, we should not only consider ________________________ in
understanding human behavior but also ____________________. (Note that
the blank should not limit the idea to fill in)

What I Can Do

Instruction: Federalism has been a talk since president Duterte was in

power. Assess if federalism will suit the Philippine’s political system.
Please use the diagram below. (These could be a group or individual
work).

Advantages of Presidential form of Advantage of Federal Form of

Advantage of both presiden-
tial and federal form of gov-
ernment
Both advantage and disadvantage Both advantage and disad-
of presidential form of government vantage of federalism

Disadvantage of Presidential form Disadvantage of Federal form of

of government Both disadvantage of Federal government
and Presidential form of gov-
ernment.

10pts 5 4 3 2 1
Rationally Very Reasonable The rationality Rationally could Classification of idea Doesn’t make
RUBRICS

could have little be accepted would be best in sense

flaws. another criteria

Quality Appropriate Use appropriate Terms use is not Error to the terms Terms used
choice of words. terms but it didn’t that strong to used is evident and don’t make
Phrasing is clear fully projected a project the idea it compromises with sense.
and strong . strong idea better. the idea.

1.Fill in the table below. Write as many ideas as you have.

 Assessment

A. Identify if the following is a formal or an informal institution. Write FI if

formal institution and II if informal institution.
_______1. Historian’s Society (club)
_______ 2. kalon/Kaon (arrange marriage)
_______ 3. kalon/Kaon (arrange marriage)
_______ 4. Friendship among 4 people
_______ 5. Family
_______ 6. Municipality of Atok
_______ 7. Camp 30 NHS
_______ 8. Beneco Cooperative
_______ 9. Neighborhood
_______10. Radio Station

B. Identify if the following is a concept under Traditional or New

Institutionalism. Write TI if Traditional Institutionalism and NI if New
Institutionalism.
———1. A historian looking at the transition of political system in the
Philippines to explain contemporary political events.
______2. A sociologist trying to understand individual behavior by looking
at all the customary laws and the formally established political
system of the pass that may have a great influence to an
individual.
______3. A Psychologist, who is trying to understand a child by looking at
the child family set up.
______4. A bookkeeper looking into a cooperative’s records to assess it’s
financial standing.
______5. Indigenous People’s Rights Law of 1997.
 Additional Activities

Additional Activities
Draw a representation of an existing society that you want to change.
Then create laws for this society to become a society that you want it to
be. (follow the format below for better understanding).

Draw an existing society that you want to ‘re-institutionalize’ (or change).

Write the laws that you want to impose to the society

Draw what the society will become after your law will be implemented.
 A. B.
1. FI 1. TI
2. II 2. NI
3. FI 3. TI
4. II 4. TI
5. II 5. NI
6. FI
7. FI
8. FI
9. II
10. FI
ASSESSMENT
I
T T R A D I T I O N A L
1.False F
2.True R B E H A V I O U R
3.False
I A R
4.True
5.False I N S T I T U T I O N A L I S M
6.True S I A
7.True T N O R M R U L E S
8.True
I F N
9.True
10.True T N O R M A T I V E
U R L
1. Observable behaviour T M
2. Game theory I A
3. Bounded
O L
4. Social Structure
5. Rationally N
What’s In What I know.
Answer Key
 References

BOOKS
Dobler Constanze. The Impact of Formal and Informal Institutions on Economic Growth, A case
Study on the MENA Region. Peter Lang International Academic Publisher, Berlin, 2011.

Richard Scott, Institutional Theory: Contributing to a Theoritical Research Program. Stratford

University, 2004.

Ryan Camado Guinaran, To my Fellow Igorot Youth: Poems, Stories and Essays. Republic of the
Philippines, 2016.

WEBSITES
Democratic Government, Encyclopedia Britannica, Accesed May 24, 2020,
https://www.britannica.com/topic/governance/Democratic-visions.
Institution, AmosWeb Encyclonomic: Web.pedia, Accessed May 23, 2020.
https://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin.
Meriam Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/
Ishiyama, John T. 2014. Britannica. 10 28. Accessed July 24, 2021. https://
www.britannica.com/topic/neoinstitutionalism.

James G. March and Olsen, Johan P. 1989. Accessed July 25, 2021. https://www.sv.uio.no/arena/
english/research/publications/arena-working-papers/2001-2010/2004/wp04_9.pdf.c

Breuning, Marijke. 2014. Britannica . 10 28. Accessed July 25, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/
topic/neoinstitutionalism.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Benguet

Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Telephone: 074 422 6570

Email Address: benguet@deped.gov.ph