Structural Control for Buildings (page 4 of 13) 513 called resilfent-friction base isolators, are also under study. 3.2 Energy Dissipating Device: Instead of isolating the buflding from the ground motion, setenic “nergy can be allowed to transmit to the higher levels, but find vaya of dissipating the same at those levels (Figure S). It 16 also possible to convert this energy into other useful forms, like heat, instead of merely dissipating it. The total seismic energy input to the bullding gets converted into Kinetic energy (leading to motion in 1t), potential or strain energy (causing stresses in it), and sone gets dissipated through damping in the syste (usually generating heat at the interface of structural sni/or non-structural components). However, 1f more energy can’ be Gissipated in the building, then the energy available for kinetic and Potential energies 1s reduced. This also helps reduce the damage due to yielding, vhich are permanent in nature. The energy dissipation devices are introduced into the bullding for this very purpose. They are located ip butldings usually at critical sections, where lateral shear forces are large (Figure 6). Often, these devices are bulit into the brace nenbers, which are either cross or diagonal inter-floor elenents, or tnverted V-braces. Some of the nergy dissipation devices useful for structural applications are viscous dampers, friction dampers, ste! ylelding elements and visco-elastic dampers. Viscous dampers provide damping by Passing @ viscous fluid through a constricted orifice in a piston moving in '@ cylinder £1lled with the fluid (Figure 7). Sometimes, viscous fluids which aye free to slosh in a closed container aleo act es viscous SEY a), dlentpating ‘devices’ (Figure). Friction iDawers ecialst er ios friction surfaces Sliding against each other during earthquake induced relative Motion between them, Yielding Stel Plate Energy Dissizetors ave Suck that ven a buliding vibrates,” thelplates bend’as ‘beaks atth double curvature (Figure 9). The plates offer stiffness until yield, and on yielding, dissipate energy in a stable hysteretic manner They are a1so called Added Damping and Stiffness (ADAS) devices for this reason A visco-elestic damper 1s made of a polymeric aaterial sandwiched