Sharif college of engineering and technology

ASSIGNMENT
1
Sohaib Hassan
UET -3
EE-7

Submitted To
Dr Akhtar Rasool
Q1: What are the components of an electric grid?
Electric Grid 
An electric grid is a network of synchronized power providers and consumers that are
connected by transmission and distribution lines and operated by one or more control
centers. When most people talk about the power "grid," they're referring to the
transmission system for electricity
Components:
The electrical power system consists of three major components:
 Generation
 Transmission
 distribution
generation, a high voltage transmission grid, and a distribution system. The high voltage
transmission system links the generators to substations, which supply power to the user
through the distribution system

Q2: Difference between traditional and smart grid?

 Q3: What is the difference between Voltage Converter and Transformer?
Voltage Converter Transformer

There are different types of voltage Transformers are only used to convert alternating
converters to perform conversions between voltages; they cannot operate in direct current.
both DC and AC voltages.

Components

Voltage converters are electronic circuits, Transformers are made up of copper coils,
sometimes equipped with transformers as terminals, and ferrite cores; it is a stand-alone
well. device.

Working Principle

Most voltage converters work on electronic The basic principle of the transformer operation is
principles and semiconductor switching. electromagnetism.

Efficiency

Voltage converters have comparatively Transformers are less efficient since they face
higher efficiency due to low heat generation several power losses including high heat
during semiconductor switching. generation due to copper.

Applications

Voltage converters are mostly used in Transformers are used in many applications, even
portable devices such as power adapters, in voltage converters. However, if higher voltages
travel adapters, etc. since they are lighter are to be converted, large transformers has to be
and smaller. used.

 Q4: What is Condition Monitoring System (CMS)?

Condition Monitoring System (CMS)
Condition monitoring system is an essential part for AM and reliability. CMS scope
usually consists of vibration analysis and lube oil analysis to predict the failure or
proactively work to avoid failure. It contains the periodic maintenance plans to capture
vibration data and lube oil analysis to monitor and trend.

Q5: What is IR test in electrical?

INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST. The Insulation Resistance Test is the
second test required by the electrical safety testing standards. ... A megohmmeter (also
called insulation resistance tester, tera ohmmeter) is then used to measure the ohmic
value of an insulator under a direct voltage of great stability

Q6: Transformer Types based on Voltage Level

 The transformer has three categories
1. Step-Down Transformer
A step-down transformer converts the primary voltage level to a lower
voltage across the secondary output. This is achieved by the ratio of primary and
secondary windings. For step-down transformers the number of windings is higher
across the primary side than the secondary side. Therefore, the overall winding ratio of
primary and secondary always remains more than 1.

2. Step-Up Transformer
Step Up transformer is exactly opposite of the step-down transformer. Step up
transformer increase the low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage. Again it
is achieved by the ratio of primary and secondary winding ratio. For the Step Up
transformer, the ratio of the primary winding and the Secondary winding remains
less than 1
3. Isolation Transformer
Isolation transformer does not convert any voltage levels. The Primary voltage and the
secondary voltage of an isolation transformer always remain the same. This is because
the primary and the secondary winding ratio is always equal to the 1

Types of Transformers based on Usage

There are several types of transformers also available which works in a specific domain.
Both electronics and electrical sectors, several dedicated transformers are used as a
step-down or step-up transformer based on the application of application. So, the
transformers can be classified as below based on usage:
 Power Transformer
 Measurement Transformer
 Distribution Transformer