BDA 37201

ENGINEERING LAB V: THERMODYNAMICS

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

TS. DR. MOHAMAD FARID BIN SIES

GROUP : 9B
MOHAMMAD AMIR IZZUDDIN BIN AZHARI (DD180098)
MOHD SYAFIQ AIMAN BIN AMIR NORDIN (DD180066)
MUHAMMAD ADIB BIN MOHTHASAM (DD180053)
MUHAMMAD ADIB HAKIMI BIN HISHAMMUDIN (DD180027)
MUHAMMAD AIDIL BIN KHASRI (DD180012)
INTRODUCTION
Air conditioning system is a system to lower down the temperature in a space.
In thermodynamic law, heat transfer from high‐temperature regions to low‐
temperature region.
The transfer of heat from a low‐ temperature region to a high temperature
cannot happen except using special devices called refrigerators.
Refrigerators are cyclic devices, and the working fluids used in the cycles are
called refrigerant.

01

Schematics of the Refrigeration Process

THEORY & LITERATURE REVIEW
Breaking the thermodynamic law
The purpose of a refrigerator is to remove heat "desire output ("QL)
from the refrigerated space.
To accomplishthis purpose, it requires a work input of  Wnet,in 
The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator can be expressed
as formula:

02
 4 MAIN PARTS
1. COMPRESSOR
The refrigerant pump of the air conditioning system. The compressor
refrigerant inside the system and circulated to the condenser and then to
the evaporator.
2. CONDENSER
Condenser is the area which heat dissipation occurs. In most cases,
condenser will appearances much the radiator in a car as them both have
very similar functions. The condenser is designed to radiate heat.
3. EVAPORATOR
The evaporator serves as the heat absorption component. It remove heat
from the surrounding and release cold vapor.
4. EXPANSION VALVE
The valve is design to remove pressure from the refrigerant and rapidly
cool it down into a cold gas. The valve only remove pressure hot heat.
03
However, removing the pressure hot the effect of lowering temperature of
refrigerant.
 04
Schematic diagram of air conditioning laboratory
 05
Refrigeration cycle of P-h diagram
METHODOLOGY
P.A Hilton's Air Conditioning Unit model was operates manually in this experiment.

Temperature of inlet and outlet are determined using the thermocouples (wet and dry bulb).

Pressure gauge that attached to the machine is used to determine compressor inlet and outlet

pressure.

All the readings are taken three times to obtain the average value.

Other readings needed such as refrigerant mass flow rate and voltage will be recorded.

06
 07

PROCEDURE
1 2 3 4
Make sure that all Turn the fan on, Turn the Turn
heaters, the and set its speed compressor on. on the 1 kW of the
compressor are to be electric re-heater.
set off. Also set intermediate
the system position.
control to manual.
5 6 7
Wait for steady state to Take the temperature by Record the data. You may
provide by watching the using dry and wet bulb. need to take two set two
variation of temperature. data to make sure that
Usually 10-20 minutes are steady state condition has
enough to achieve steady be reached. Use the sling
state condition. psychrometer to check the
room air conditions.
 1 2
Compressor inlet Compressor outlet
pressure, p1 = 4.4 bar pressure, p2 = 18 bar

3 4
RESULT Refrigerant flow, Voltmeter,
mr = 1.02 l/min v = 245 V

08
RESULT

Table1 : Temperature Measurement 09

RESULT
Based on chart
•Relative humidity = 60%

Table 2: Humidifying 10
RESULT
Coefficient of performace
COP
=[( h1-h4)/(h2-h3)] x 100%
=[( 416-240)/(462-240)] x 100%
= 79.28 %

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Table 3 : Properties of refrigerant  in system

OBSERVATION
Temperature measurement were recorded and shown in Table 1.

The average value for the condenser inlet temperature is the highest which is 92 °C. While,

condenser outlet temperature is 32 °C.

The lowest temperature shown in Table 1 is 10.2 °C which is at evaporator outlet.

For valve inlet and compressor inlet temperature show 30.2 °C and 17.6 °C.

The temperature readings from the thermocouples were recorded and shown in Table 2.

Inlet dry bulb temperature has slightly different between inlet wet bulb temperature.

Outlet wet bulb temperature shows 3 °C higher than outlet dry bulb temperature.

Compressor inlet pressure is lower than compressor outlet pressure which is 4.4 bar and 18

bar.

Refrigerant mass flow rate is 1.02 l/min.

Temperature and pressure are used to find the enthalpy using p-H diagram.
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 DISCUSSION
1) The air conditioning system is a system to lower down the temperature which has four

components: • Compressor • Condenser • Expansion valve • Evaporator

2) The compressor is responsible for moving the refrigerant between the evaporator and

condenser coils by raising the pressure of the refrigerant and ensuring that the

refrigerant changes to gas or liquid as needed.

3) The condenser work as exchanger section to cool down and condense incoming

refrigerant vapor into liquid.

4) The expansion valve removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion 

or change of state from a liquid to a vapor in the evaporator.

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5) The evaporator works the opposite of the condenser, here refrigerant liquid is converted

to gas by absorbing heat from the air in the compartment. When the liquid refrigerant

reaches the evaporator its pressure has been reduced.

6) The refrigerant that flows toward inlet condenser (5A) are hotter than the refrigerant

that flows out from condenser outlet (6A). This is because during the time that

refrigerant flows inside the condenser has undergoes heat removal process which

change the phase of the refrigerant from gas to liquid.

7) The refrigerant then flows to the inlet of expansion valve (7A) and pass through

evaporator outlet (8A) with lower temperature. During the evaporator phase, the

pressure and temperature has been remove so that the refrigerant will changing phase

from liquid to gas.

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8) Next, the refrigerant will be transfer to compressor inlet (9A) with relatively low

temperature and leaving the compressor outlet with high temperature. This is because

the compressor work as increasing the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant so

that the refrigerant will change it phase from gas to liquid.

9) The inlet bulb has no humidity because of the bulb does not get cold by the air

conditioning system.

10) The outlet bulb has humidity because of the bulb get cold by the air conditioning

system.

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CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
Firstly, from this experiment, it clearly shows the importance of the
psychometric chart.

Besides that, through this experiment, we have a better understanding

about measurement uncertainties and how to calculate it.

By carrying out experiment, it is also observed that air conditioning cycle

does obeys the principle of conservation of energy.

However, due to errors and heat lost to surrounding, the heat lost by air
through conduction is not equal to the heat gain by the refrigerant
through evaporation.
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It is observed that the heat lost is much greater than the heat gained.
http://www.ashrae.org.com

Ashrae research,2016. "Ashrae Handbook"

IP.Edition

Walter T, Grondzik, editor, second edition,

2007," Air conditioning system design manual"

http://www.google.com/amp/s/www.researcgate.

net/figure/schematic-diagram-of-air conditioning-

system

Junjie Gu Shujun Wang, first edition, 2004 "Two

Phase flow in refrigeration system"

http://www.swtc.edu/AgPower /air_conditioning/

lecture-basic-cycle.htm
References
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