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    Abhinav Jangra
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    9 views4 pages

    Ae 3

    Uploaded by

    Abhinav Jangra
    ae

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 4
    Lubrication and Lubricants \WUNTRODUCTION more than a few minutes a fa Whenever two im produced Ts due freed produce However when a pot actual rtant ones in the ny ® without the lubricating oi, Matic surfaces move over each other under din contact, {0 the teregularities on the two surfaces Of heat and results in wine. The ergine cannot run smoothly for oF Solid friction is ng cach other. The dry fnction thus wear oF the metal surface film of some lubricating oil is interposed betwre Physical contact with each ot, the only te Lisl This type of friction is termed ¢ vasean Or fluid fiction. This site, from lubrication port of in viscean Haggdeadamic: lubrication. iis observed Tn prac, yay coefliciens of friction obtained Thus its the ot hydrodynamic bication ac fa es te compart et ‘Thus its the viscous iriction which is most desivable sna very effort is made to keep the viscous frictions gine bearings and pistons mostly orcrale in the hydrodynamic 0 We surfaces 80 that the two are Ne 10 motion remains the resistance of the ant Rts o ieton. owever. also exists, ie, greasy or boundary ction whi h state is also termed fowidary lubrication irom Wbyiction view point. I this ome ob there but that is not sufficient cocttcents eotPlSt Separation ofthe two surfaes Ze. only ther hgh eerie eg this the friction tre eccgnls are undoubtedly higher than in cae of viscous Irion, bn recon coe the) mae tion eld attydrdmami sioner Hk lol, moa commonly with hydrucarbon-based oils, In this case the Pressure developed inthe lubricant sufficiently ugh to- deform elsisally the metal surfces on sty Stic a tees CUTS On aLeOUN of etc ini viscosity significantly with the increase n pressute Occasinaly the engine valves and the piston rings operate in this region \A/OBJECTS OF LUBRICATION ‘The prnuary bigs of lubrication ae: | To eet betwen moving pastime so tat poe si mi 2. To reduce wear of the moving parts far posible Apart fron these primary objects the lubrication also serves other important purposes, which may be called secondagy. These |-To provide caolingebegt. The lubricating oil takes heat from the tot moving parts daring its * Greta aad cae oe sing les ew crank case ised 2. To provide cushioning effect. Te bcatng ol serves sho a4 poo eushion asin the » cH RSC eget concn fechas has ie AUTOMOBILE the eylinder and the shock goes to the bearings purpose in providing a cleaning ‘carbon particles. This oil may be purified ings {0 maintain an ‘ut toward the erank case v language, the viscosity may be consiere ty alone due to Wich the two bearing whieh Js contrary to Tallbelow the minimum value required to ly remain the same at cmiperaline and, WereTore, the oil" Fire svt ate a Iso i apr eyo ct ures and at higher temperatures lengrtues coil stable, There should not be any tendency fer em many of he odin peas beng icky substances clog the lines and cs decompose a reducing engine compression. The spark plugs and the val ‘of carbon particles. Corrosion shouldnt have any tndeny to como he pipe lines, rank ease nd other engine pas whigh it comes into contact. ene cannot be-used below this temperature the pour point ofthe oil shouldbe less than the lowest temperature encountered in the engine aw LUBRICATION AND LUBRICANTS mw /%, lash Point ‘The Mash point of the oil should be suficisnly high s0 as to avoid lashing of oil vapouts othe emgratues oeeurrng in common use. A lsh point higher than the minimum desired value will > serve usa purpose 7. Cleanliness ‘The oll should be sufficiently clean and stable itself so that the crankcase and vit hines ate hept «lean Fur. iLust contain agents, called deesgenis which remove the impurities fom the engine pats dating feelin. These impurics may eter be tered out er removed th 0 ‘mera ‘Resistance Against Extreme Pressure In modcen automobile engines, lbrictng oi is subjected to yey high pressures, ptivultly sesings and the valve acting mechanisms Tis would cause the it be driven ut Te ubiating Should have sfichen revtance agains ths tendency, Some cs an cing to he meta aces ule igh ses: a earn mn ee sonnet ge Seh na {bbe moro hers and his pepe of soils oar toa cal surface Ud high presses ese aos ness ws eae \GAYPES OF LUBRICANTS ‘According to their origin, the lubricating oils may be classified ase” 1. Animal Gis “Those are obtained from the animal fa. These ae not at al suitable for automate engine lubrication, soca they ae exe easily SRT BEOME gummy ler some ws 2. Vegetable Oi esa pote fon sh La an Le aa eye ds lye and tecome gummy Hoveve castro, hich a vege ol ones fun exesve se oe industry Because ofits high viscosity and high film Siength 3. Mineral Oils “Mineral ois derived from petroleum are perhaps the most widely use in automobiles. The advantages they poses over Bie animal rie vegetable lls ae ~ (0) Greater chemical stability at higher temperatures. (id Less tendency to form emulsions with wate, i) Ness lef shea, Chie the mineral ols contains hydrocarbons. According 1o thet molecular stvtures they may be funter sub-lasiid inio_prafins, naphihenes, aomatigs and oleins.Parffins are saturated hyde. bons ‘wih slaigh or Beanced stains. Nophtenes ae salted hydrvurhons with ting sracune, aromatics are hydrocarbons with benzene nucleus and ole saturated hy bonds pacts the ine lubieating sa minus of pa 4. Synthetic Lubricants ‘The examples of synthetic lubricants are polyorgancsiloxanes or si Sliphatc diestergils, FOInfoages we clined for thor th inal ls OO Miglericnty it ne ee ip React era — “9 Ogg (68) Reduced loss due to evaporation. Y (i) Comideably len cosumgion (Leen depts ange of i at perinic con fluids, polyglycol ethers and ————7—_—_ —eF ™ eee 1 (hn Increased fuel exon However tir hgh oat iis thir use 5. Greases They are swspeasions of metallic soaps (caleium oF sodium soaps of filly aids) dispncy ubaeating ll. Greases find use in alomobile at places where retention of liquid ubricans sy crore high lempratures are encountered, eg. in axles Greases are cased acconding tothe pupose for which they ate used and the kindof sop hg cxamples ofthe former pear, cassis gress, mul-purpse pease ec. wile lor the lage qn ‘samples are sodium bse greases, cleum hase greases, lim base grease et. Sodium base pon witstand-suficienly high temperatures. Calcium base greases ae used for wheel bearings su Jubrcation. Aluminium base greases are ot suitable for high temperatures and are useful on

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