Professional Documents
Culture Documents
8. There are no formal rules ( ) H. leave work for the last minute.
Upper-Intermediate 3
Set B – LESSON 2
8. There are no formal rules ( ) H. leave work for the last minute.
8. There are no formal rules H. leave work for the last minute.
STUDENT A
FOCUS
Several documents can describe a person's accomplishments. A resume has the most focus, providing specific
information to show why a job applicant holds the qualifications for a single job. A curriculum vitae is more
expansive, and it lists all of the applicant's professional history, including information that does not pertain to the
specific job. Biodata includes accomplishments which are not work related but show that the employee would
perform well at the job.
STUDENT B
DETAIL LEVEL
The resume is usually a very short document, normally one or two pages. A resume includes basic information
such as the name of the school that the applicant went to and the level of the degree that he holds, such as a B.S.
A curriculum vitae is more useful in a setting such as selecting a professor for a university, where the university
needs to know detailed information such as the title of each research paper the applicant wrote, and the
professors that he studied under.
Biographical data can refer to a document that the applicant writes, but it can also be a multiple choice
personality test. Instead of asking for specific job accomplishments, the employer asks a question like whether the
applicant ever won a prize at an academic event at her school, or whether she keeps the documents on her desk
well organized. The employer assumes that if the applicant has desirable traits such as good motivation and a
friendly personality outside of work, she is more likely to be a good employee.
STUDENT C
FOREKNOWLEDGE
The applicant is more likely to know the factors that the employer is using to make a decision while he is writing a
resume. If a curriculum vitae includes the titles of 50 papers that an applicant for a position wrote, he is less likely
to know which paper topic is most important to the interviewer, according to Marquette University. With biodata,
the employer might ask several irrelevant biographical questions so that it is harder for the applicant to guess the
specific traits that the test is screening for, to prevent the applicant from offering false biodata answers.
STUDENT D
LENGTH
If an applicant is applying to several jobs, she may need to create separate versions of her resume that emphasize
the skills that each employer lists in the job description, while keeping the document below two pages. With a
curriculum vitae, the applicant does not need to remove irrelevant skills, although she does add her new
accomplishments, so the length of the curriculum vitae increases as she gains experience. The employer decides
the length of a biodata survey.
PRE-LISTENING
Look at the pictures below and discuss how they could be related to stress relief.
WHILE-LISTENING
(I) Listen to a therapist talking about stress-relief methods and compare your ideas to what he mentions.
(II) FCE Listening Part 4: You will hear an interview with Dr Allen, a therapist who works with animal-assisted therapy. For
questions 1-5, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1. Stroking pets is a popular way people find to calm down
A and it can help prevent heart attacks.
B and improve their health.
C but it has no specific health benefits.
3. You love to paint and your friends are urging you to hold an exhibition. You think:
A. It would be a waste of time. As if people didn’t have better things to do.
B. It’s a good idea and you will select your best paintings.
C. It’s a great idea. Fame awaits.
4. You are sick to the back teeth of work, so, this morning, when your boss criticises
you, you:
A. Decide that if someone offered you another job you would take it.
B. See it as a sign and you start to look for work elsewhere.
C. Hand in your notice there and then, in front of the rest of the team.
5. In a restaurant you exchange glances with a stranger at the neighbouring table. When you leave, you:
A. Say that you hope you see them again sometime.
B. Tell them that you’ll be back again next week.
C. Write your number on their napkin.
6. If you made a fuss asking for a new toy when you were a child, how did your parents react?
A. Begged you to be quiet, saying you were embarrassing them.
B. Said you could have it if you behaved well.
C. Soon gave in and bought it for you.
7. You love windsurfing and want to do a tour of some exotic islands with friends. You:
A. Know it’s just a dream. It would be too difficult to organise.
B. Look into how feasible it would be to arrange.
C. Try to fix a firm date with your friends so that you can get motivated to organise it.
8. Your boss offers you a post in a different division. How do you respond? You:
A. Say no. You don’t know anyone in the other team.
B. Say yes. A change will help you develop your career.
C. Are grateful. It means you will be able to tackle new challenges.
9. You want to buy a flat and you fall in love with the first one you see
A. You know it’s too soon and that you should wait until you’ve seen a few more.
B. Your heart’s beating like mad so you let them know you are interested.
C. You love it so much you make an offer on the spot.
10. You are on holiday in Mexico when you meet someone and fall in love. Once back home you:
A. Realise you need to return to reality.
B. Make plans to see them in a month.
C. Sort everything out so that you can go out and live with them.
11. You would like to open a restaurant but your family doesn’t support the idea. You:
A. Know they are right – it’s too risky.
B. Reassure them that you understand the risks.
C. Think they are wrong. You’ll show them what you’re capable of.
MORE ANSWERS “A” – YOU ARE VERY GOOD AT PUTTING THE BRAKES ON
You seem suspicious of anything that could bring about change. Before beginning anything, you examine in minute
detail what the consequences might be. And what's more, you have an amazing capacity to foresee and sense
danger. You prefer to abandon a project if you realise that it will entail risks. Why do you impose these limits on
yourself? It might be that there are things that have gone wrong for you in the past that still haunt you, or perhaps
you grew up in a family where there were strict rules. This could mean that you are repeating behaviour learned
long ago. You are afraid that if you change your habits, or worse, abandon them, you will break with tradition and
risk being unrecognisable to those who love you. Try not to listen too closely to your fears. If you do, you risk
convincing yourself that you cannot be happy. Make a note of times when you think: 'It's too difficult' or 'I will
never manage to do it', so that you can recognise these negative thoughts. Try not to give in to them. Then allow
yourself to explore new things, and focus on enjoying yourself. And keep doing it once you start. If you believe that
you can create a future that matches what you want to do, you will be able to see the decisions you have to make
in a more positive light.
You know how to listen to your own desires and heed them. You like to enjoy yourself so you are not afraid of
doing things that are out of the ordinary from time to time. Maybe you think that your impulses will give rise to
fresh ideas and that this will open new doors. You're not afraid to make the leap if you think you need to. On the
other hand, you're hardly hot headed or self-destructive. You seem to have an extensive knowledge both of your
limits and of what you are capable of. So, when you decide to take the plunge it's because you know you can
handle it. You usually understand the consequences of the things you undertake. When you make a mistake, you
try to understand the reasons why and learn from it so that you don't make the same mistake again. You may still
feel apprehensive when you have to make a difficult decision. But those feelings are just there to alert you to the
fact that you are facing an important decision. You seem to be doing fine, so continue to have confidence in
yourself!
You are running at full tilt. As soon as you decide you want to do something, you go for it, full speed ahead. You
are daring and full of innovative, even far-fetched, ideas that you are determined to make happen. You're the sort
of person who would leave everything behind to follow the person you loved and make a life elsewhere. Perhaps
you believe that life is of no interest unless it's peppered with risks. There's no doubt that the people you know
admire your energy and courage, especially those who wouldn't tackle half of what you do. Others, meanwhile,
might see some of your projects as out of control; and you do sometimes take a tumble. But you soon pick yourself
up and dust yourself off, ready for a new challenge. Why do you live like this? Perhaps as a child you felt under
pressure to be the best? Or perhaps you overestimated what you were able to do? If you insist on seeking new
challenges at every opportunity you may at some point come up against a brick wall that will force you to ask
yourself some difficult questions. So why not step back now? Are any of your activities a kind of attention-seeking
behaviour? You have so much going for you, make sure you don't run yourself into the ground.
Source: http://www.psychologies.co.uk/tests/test-how-impulsive-are-you.html
Upper-Intermediate 3
Set C – LESSON 21
Upper-Intermediate 3
Set C – LESSON 21
Read the text below and decide which title best summarises its main idea.
(A) False and malicious allegations could be made
(B) Allegations against innocent people often ignored
(C) False allegations may end up in fraud
This scheme that Jim Murphy has proposed could see innocent people being put to their detriment. It could be used
as a tool to harm people that you dislike. Even if there was no benefit fraud occurring, the false snitch could cause a
family severe distress by having interviews and their finances investigated. You don’t need to get caught for the
process of investigation to cause stress. From the point of view of the ‘snitch’ if nothing is proved during the
investigations, at least they injured the person whom they made allegation against by causing them undue stress. If
some form of benefit fraud was found, then they would get compensated. For them it is a win-win situation. Why not
report the whole street, in a rough part of town, your chances of being right about at least one of them must be quite
high.
Upper-Intermediate 3
Set A – LESSON 23
Read the text below and decide which title best summarises its main idea.
(D) False and malicious allegations could be made
(E) Allegations against innocent people often ignored
(F) False allegations may end up in fraud
This scheme that Jim Murphy has proposed could see innocent people being put to their detriment. It could be used
as a tool to harm people that you dislike. Even if there was no benefit fraud occurring, the false snitch could cause a
family severe distress by having interviews and their finances investigated. You don’t need to get caught for the
process of investigation to cause stress. From the point of view of the ‘snitch’ if nothing is proved during the
investigations, at least they injured the person whom they made allegation against by causing them undue stress. If
some form of benefit fraud was found, then they would get compensated. For them it is a win-win situation. Why not
report the whole street, in a rough part of town, your chances of being right about at least one of them must be quite
high.
Fill in the gaps in the text with an appropriate word or phrase from the box below
A. rough part F. benefit fraud K. get caught
B. made allegation against G. report L. cause stress
C. put to their detriment H. investigated M. injured
D. severe distress I. win-win N. undue stress
E. proved J. harm O. get compensated
This scheme that Jim Murphy has proposed could see innocent people being (1) _____________________. It
could be used as a tool to (2) _____________________ people that you dislike. Even if there was no
(3) _____________________ occurring, the false snitch could cause a family (4) _____________________ by
having interviews and their finances (5) _____________________. You don’t need to (6) _____________________
for the process of investigation to (7) _____________________. From the point of view of the ‘snitch’ if nothing is
(8) _____________________ during the investigations, at least they (9) _____________________ the person
whom they (10) _____________________ by causing them (11) _____________________. If some form of benefit
fraud was found, then they would (12) _____________________. For them it is a (13) _____________________
situation. Why not (14) _____________________ the whole street, in a (15) _____________________ of town,
your chances of being right about at least one of them must be quite high.
Upper-Intermediate 3
Set B – LESSON 23
Fill in the gaps in the text with an appropriate word or phrase from the box below
A. rough part F. benefit fraud K. get caught
B. made allegation against G. report L. cause stress
C. put to their detriment H. investigated M. injured
D. severe distress I. win-win N. undue stress
E. proved J. harm O. get compensated
This scheme that Jim Murphy has proposed could see innocent people being (1) _____________________. It
could be used as a tool to (2) _____________________ people that you dislike. Even if there was no
(3) _____________________ occurring, the false snitch could cause a family (4) _____________________ by
having interviews and their finances (5) _____________________. You don’t need to (6) _____________________
for the process of investigation to (7) _____________________. From the point of view of the ‘snitch’ if nothing is
(8) _____________________ during the investigations, at least they (9) _____________________ the person
whom they (10) _____________________ by causing them (11) _____________________. If some form of benefit
fraud was found, then they would (12) _____________________. For them it is a (13) _____________________
situation. Why not (14) _____________________ the whole street, in a (15) _____________________ of town,
your chances of being right about at least one of them must be quite high.
2. You are having a bad hair day and have to attend a party.
A. You attend and tell everyone that it’s the latest hair style.
B. You cover your head with a hat or bandana.
C. You do not attend the party.
4. Your friends call you to a place 10 miles away from your place. When you reach, there is no one and you discover they
have pulled a prank on you.
A. Laugh about it and start working your mind on ideas to fool your friends in return.
B. Get irritated about it, but gradually come to terms with the joke.
C. Get wild and feel like a fool. You call your friends and swear at them.
You have a great sense of humor. You are always up to some pranks and funny ideas. You make the best of the
worst situations. You do not mind laughing at yourself and sharing the fun with others. Good going.
You share laughs but would not prefer being made the source of jokes. You excuse yourself in situations that make
you look or sound funny. But you remain composed and are in control of the situation.
You are a sensitive and serious person. You would avoid any situation where there is a chance of people laughing
at you. Realize that you cannot avoid such situations always. So start enjoying these instances and be more
confident.
Source: http://www.funquizcards.com/quiz/personality/do-you-have-a-sense-of-humor.php
Upper-Intermediate 3
Set B – LESSON 28
You have a great sense of humor. You are always up to some pranks and funny ideas. You make the best of the
worst situations. You do not mind laughing at yourself and sharing the fun with others. Good going.
You share laughs but would not prefer being made the source of jokes. You excuse yourself in situations that make
you look or sound funny. But you remain composed and are in control of the situation.
You are a sensitive and serious person. You would avoid any situation where there is a chance of people laughing
at you. Realize that you cannot avoid such situations always. So start enjoying these instances and be more
confident.
Source: http://www.funquizcards.com/quiz/personality/do-you-have-a-sense-of-humor.php
By Mark Taylor
I‘ve often heard it said that when you understand the sense of humour of a nation, then you understand it completely, as if it were the final
piece in a puzzle. So with that thought in mind, is it possible to understand the Brazilian sense of humour? What forms of comedy do Brazilians
enjoy? What programmes do Brazilians like? Is the Brazilian sense of humour any different from elsewhere?
It was as an English teacher several years ago that I first had these thoughts in mind. I was attending a pre-semester meeting at the school I
worked at. All the teachers were gathered around the table, and I was the only non-Brazilian and native English speaker there. One of the
teachers was criticising a book used to teach advanced English: "The content isn‘t particularly great", she said, "even the jokes are rubbish,
listen...", and she thumbed to a page of the book and read: "What do you call an elephant with a machine gun?... Sir.” 1 . It wasn‘t just
the joke though, it was the rather surreal setting and the surprise. The co-ordinator beamed and said: "well, it made Mark laugh, so I think the
book‘s OK."
I was more fascinated by the reaction to the joke than the joke itself. Why was it that nobody else found it funny, did they simply not get it, or
was it something deeper. We spent a few minutes discussing the joke, and explained the sense of "sir", which most teachers didn‘t quite
understand. Even so, the joke simply wasn‘t funny to the others even when translated to Portuguese. 2 . I often wheel out the elephant
joke to test their reaction, albeit translated to Portuguese: Como você chama um elefante com uma metralhadora?... Senhor. Without fail the
joke doesn‘t get any laughs, but then I tell the story of the joke, which does get some laughs (also I finish the story off with the one and only
Portuguese joke I can remember: "O que um peixe faz?... Nada", particularly if folks aren‘t that amused by the story).
In terms of other comedy, what is it that Brazilians enjoy? Of some interest is imported TV and film, which gives a clue that there is some
overlap between Brazilians, and at least some of the rest of the world. I was bemused to discover that my mother-in-law, and many other
Brazilians, love Mr. Bean (or "Meester Bin" as she calls him). For those who haven‘t seen him, Mr. Bean is a childlike but adult character played
by the British comedian Rowan Atkinson. The character gets into all sorts of odd situations, mostly self-inflicted e.g. trying to use a paint can
and a stick of dynamite to paint his living room. One advantage with Mr. Bean is that more or less there is no talking, as the comedy relies on
visual situations. But here is one clue, that Brazilians seem to enjoy this style of slapstick comedy. 3 . From what I‘ve seen of his films and
shows I‘m reminded a lot of another famous British slapstick comedian, Benny Hill.
One of the sharpest and funniest comedy programmes made for Brazilian TV is Casseta & Planeta. This features a core of comedians, who
write general sketches, as well as sketches centred around current affairs. Not so different from programmes that are seen in North America
and Europe. Casseta & Planeta relies on comedic forms like satire, particularly for its political comment. Whereas the other sketches rely on a
mix of slapstick again, as well as anarchic and alternative styles. The Portuguese language often comes into play, where words are taken and
modified to give some amusing meaning. 4 . An example that springs to mind is that of a sketch which centred around the word
"cofrinho". The word "cofre" means safe, in the sense of somewhere you lock away money and jewels. But the meaning had been perverted to
refer to the cleft of someone‘s buttocks, that can often appear when you need a belt for your trousers (so called "builder‘s bum" in the UK).
The idea was that you could keep things safe in your little cofrinho. I‘m not doing a great job of explaining this in an amusing way. It would be
much better to watch the sketch.
So these are some examples, but are there any overall conclusions to be made about understanding the Brazilian sense of humour? Well for
starters slapstick is in. Other styles like anarchic, albeit close to slapstick, and parody are also popular, the latter particularly with politicians.
5 . I‘ve yet to see a stand-up comic on Brazilian TV, or some equivalent of the Comedy Club in São Paulo city at least. Ultimately though
the devil is in the detail, and there are still situations and circumstances that Brazilians may not find funny. I certainly recommend avoiding
anything involving elephants with machine guns.
What are your views on Brazilian comedy, do you think it‘s markedly different from the rest of the world, or much the same? What are your
favourite Brazilian comedians and programmes, or do you just have a good joke in Portuguese to tell us?
You are going to read the text again. 5 sentences have been removed from the extract. Choose from the sentences A-B the one
which fits each gap appropriately (1-5). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
_____ a) This is something that‘s particularly easy to do with Portuguese, and not so easy or often seen with English
_____ b) It was at this point that I burst out laughing
_____ c) When gathering in bars or parties, Brazilian people are likely to tell each other jokes or funny anecdotes
_____d) What don‘t tend to be as popular though are styles such as stand-up and improvisational
_____ e) This is reinforced by the extremely famous Brazilian comic, Didi, who relies on a lot of slapstick in his performances
_____ f) When out with my wife‘s family and friends, for instance, the topic of conversation frequently turns to telling jokes
Student A
Little Britain is a British character-based comedy sketch show which was first
broadcast on BBC radio and then turned into a television show. It was written by
comic duo David Walliams and Matt Lucas. The show's title is an amalgamation of
the terms 'Little England' and 'Great Britain', and is also the name of a Victorian
neighbourhood and modern street in London.
Upper-Intermediate 3
Set C – LESSON 29
Student B
Alan Carr: Chatty Man (also simply known as Chatty Man) is an award-winning.
British comedy chat show presented by comedian Alan Carr. The show features
interviews with celebrity guests, sketches, topical chat and music.
A structural difference from other British chat shows is that while the guests for each
episode of Chatty Man all tape on the same day, there is rarely any on-screen
interaction between the guests. A guest will be introduced and be interviewed, and then they are almost always
gone when the next guest comes out. An advantage to this taping process is the fact that Carr is able to pretape
interviews with certain guests. If a particular guest is unavailable to be interviewed on the chosen week, an interview
can be pre-taped and slotted in during the next week's editing. Often, at the end of a series, the final episode can be
made up of three pretaped interviews (as well as a musical performance) taped earlier in that particular series' run,
thus eliminating one tape date.
Upper-Intermediate 3
Set C – LESSON 29
Student C
It also stars Joanna Lumley and Julia Sawalha, along with June Whitfield and
Jane Horrocks. The series features Saunders as Edina Monsoon, a heavy-
drinking, drug-abusing PR agent who spends her time chasing bizarre fads in a
desperate attempt to stay young and "hip". Edina is joined in her quest by magazine editor Patsy Stone, her best
friend and enabler, whose drug abuse, alcohol consumption, and promiscuity far eclipse Edina's comparatively mild
self-destructive behaviour.
Despite being a middle-aged, twice-divorced career woman, Edina is reliant upon the support of her daughter,
Saffron, a secondary school pupil (and later university student) whose constant care of her mother has left her a
bitter cynic.