Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• INTRODUCTION
➢ Boy named Franz gets late for school
➢ Not prepared for lesson on participles given by teacher – M. Hamel
➢ Afraid of scolding
➢ Thinks of bunking day Bright weather, chirping of birds,
➢ But had the strength to resist open field, Prussian soldiers drilling
• BEFORE REACHING SCHOOL
➢ Crowd in front of bulletin board
➢ Franz ignores as he was getting late
➢ Blacksmith, Watcher stops Franz For the last two years all bad news
➢ Says not to hurry. Plenty of time had come from there — the lost
➢ Franz ignores and takes it as fun on him battles, the draft, the orders of the
• SCHOOL OBSERVATION commanding officer
➢ Everything quiet as Sunday morning
➢ Different from usual
➢ Franz saw classmates from outside Usually, great noise, opening and
window closing of desks, repeating sounds
➢ Saw M. Hamel walking up and down with of lessons, sound of teacher’s ruler
Iron ruler under his arms striking on table
➢ Franz tries to get inside without getting
noticed
• CLASS OBSERVATION
➢ M.Hamel saw Franz but told nothing
➢ Says, “We were about to begin without you”
➢ Franz sat down at desk
➢ After a moment, observes very different things 1. Teacher had beautiful green
➢ M.Hamel announces coat, frilled shirt, black silk cap
➢ Order from berlin to schools of Alsace and Lorraine which he only wore on inspection
➢ To teach only German in schools from tomorrow days and prize days
➢ This is the last French lesson
• FRANZ’s REACTION 2. so quiet class rooms
➢ Came as thunder clap to him 3.Back benches, which were always
➢ Hardly knew how to write empty were occupied by village
➢ Felt sorry for not learning lesson
people sitting quietly: old Hauser,
➢ Books that earlier seemed to be heavy weight were now like with his three-cornered hat, the
old friends which he did not wanted to give up on former mayor, the former
➢ Idea of M. Hamel going away made Franz forget about his postmaster, and several others
ruler and how strict he was
➢ Realised blacksmith’s words 4. Everyone looked sad
➢ Realised why old men of village were sitting
➢ While Franz was thinking about all this, 1. they felt sorry about not going
➢ His name gets called to recite participles to school
➢ Stands up, got mixed on first few words, does not look up
2. it was their way of thanking
master for 40 YEARS OF FAITHFUL
SERVICE
➢ Born in the caste of bangle makers, seen nothing but bangles in every other house, every
street in Firozabad piled on four-wheeled handcarts, pushed by young men along the narrow
lanes
➢ in dark hutments, girls with their fathers and mothers, welding pieces of coloured glass into
circles of bangles
Their eyes are more adjusted to the
• OTHER PEOPLE IN FIROZABAD
dark than to the light outside. That
➢ Savita, a young girl, soldering pieces of glass, her
is why they often end up losing
hands move mechanically like the tongs of a machine
their eyesight before they become
➢ Savita does not know the sanctity of bangles,
adults.
symbolises an Indian woman’s Suhag, auspiciousness
in marriage
➢ “Ek waqt ser bhar khana bhi nahin khaya,” says old women- not enjoyed even one full meal
in her entire lifetime
➢ The cry of not having money to do anything except carry on the business of making bangles
➢ Years of mind-numbing toil have killed all initiative and the ability to dream
• WHY NOT A COOPERATIVE, ASKS AUTHOR
➢ fallen into the vicious circle of middlemen who trapped their fathers and forefathers
➢ even if they get organised, they will be caught by the police, beaten and dragged to jail for
doing something illegal
➢ no leader among them, no one who could help them see things differently. Their fathers
are as tired as they are
➢ They talk endlessly from poverty to apathy to greed and to injustice
• AUTHOR SAW TWO DISTINCT WORLDS
➢ Together they have imposed the baggage on the child 1. one of the family, caught in a web
➢ Before he is aware, he accepts it as naturally as his father of poverty
➢ To do anything else would mean to dare
2. the other a vicious circle of the
➢ For them, daring is not part of his growing up
sahukars, the middlemen, the
• MUKESH IS DIFFERENT
policemen, the keepers of law, the
➢ Author cheered when senses a flash of daring in Mukesh
bureaucrats and the politicians
➢ “I want to be a motor mechanic,’ he repeats, He will go to a
garage and learn. But the garage is a long way from his
home. “I will walk,” he insists.
➢ “Do you also dream of flying a plane?”
➢ Mukesh silent. Stares at the ground
➢ there is an embarrassment that has not yet turned into regret
➢ But he sticks onto his plan, dreams, this fills in ray of hope in author
➢ Few airplanes fly over Firozabad.
FLAMINGO
CH-3 DEEP WATER BY WILLIAM DOUGLAS
ANECDOTES
• INTRODUCTION
➢ An incident happened, 10 or 11 years old 2-3 feet at the shallow and
➢ Decided to learn to swim at the Y.M.C.A pool in Yakima, safe pool gradually going up to 9 feet
➢ From the starting had an aversion(fear) to water because of the
incident happened when he was 3-4 years old
➢ After 2-3 days at the pool, misadventure happened Father took to beach in California –
• THE MISADVENTURE stood together- waves came- author
➢ Went early, no one was there, quiet place knocked down-was frightened –
➢ Feared going alone in pool so sat on side of pool to wait father laughed but saved.
for others
➢ Big bruiser boy came, 18 years old, made fun of him
➢ Picked author and threw him at the deeper end of pool
• INSIDE THE POOL- THE FIRST TIME
➢ Swallowed water. Frightened, 1. when feet will bottom, he would make a
➢ Made a plan big jump
➢ Seemed a long way down 2. come to the surface like a cork, lie flat
➢ 9 feet like 90, lungs about to burst
➢ When touched bottom, applied all his energy 3. paddle to the edge of pool
➢ He thought he would come to surface like cork
And bach gaya!
➢ Instead came slowly
➢ Opened eyes, saw nothing but water, reached
to grab rope but of no use
➢ Was suffocating, tried to yell, no sound came out
➢ Eyes and nose came out of water but not mouth
➢ Tried to bring legs up, but they hung like dead weight
➢ Screamed but went back to the bottom of pool
• INSIDE THE POOL- THE SECOND TIME
➢ Lost all breath, lungs ached, heart throbbed 1. when feet will bottom, he would make a big
➢ But remembered the strategy jump
➢ Went down endlessly, opened eyes, saw
nothing 2. come to the surface like a cork, lie flat
➢ Screams frozen, only the beating of heart and
3. paddle to the edge of pool
pounding of head were a sign that he was alive
➢ Reached bottom, jumped with all his energy And bach gaya!
➢ Jump made no difference
➢ Looked for ropes, ladders, nothing but water
➢ shook and trembled with fright. Arms wouldn’t move. Legs wouldn’t move
➢ Nothing happened
➢ there was light, eyes and nose were almost out
➢ but started down a third time
• INSIDE THE POOL- THE THIRD TIME
➢ Sucked for air- got water
➢ Got surrounded by blackness
➢ Too tired to jump, felt no pain and got fainted
• OUT OF THE POOL
➢ When eyes opened, found himself out of the pool, vomiting beside the pool
➢ Hours later, walked home, weak, trembling, could not have dinner, cried on bed
➢ Never went back to pool, feared water
• FEW YEARS LATER
➢ Whenever thought of going in water legs would become paralysed. Icy horror would grab his
heart
➢ This fear ruined his fishing trips
➢ Could not feel the joy of canoeing, boating, and swimming
➢ Used every way to overcome fear but all waste
➢ Finally, 1 October, decided to get an instructor and learn to swim
• LEARNING SWIMMING
➢ went to a pool and practiced five days a week, an hour each day
➢ The instructor put a belt around him, and connected it to a rope. The rope was further
around a pulley. This way, the instructor made Douglas go into the water back and forth
by pulling and releasing the rope.
➢ He made Douglas swim bits by bits. Gradually, he made him learn to exhale and inhale
while in water and many other strokes.
➢ The author earlier doubted whether he would be able to swim but later commanded over
his legs.
➢ In April, the instructor assured Douglas that he has learnt swimming
➢ But Douglas was not confident and went to different places to check Wentworth lake,
➢ This went till July. islands, glaciers etc.
➢ At once, he got scared a bit during swimming but laughed and
overcame it confidently.
➢ He shouted with joy. He finally overcame his fear with his determination and will power.
➢ The experience taught him many things and had a deep meaning in his life.
• CONCLUDING NOTES
➢ In death there is peace. There is terror only in the fear of death.
➢ “All we have to fear is fear itself”
➢ At last he felt released — free to walk the trails and climb the peaks and to brush aside
fear
FLAMINGO
CH-4 THE RATTRAP BY SELMA LANGERLOF
ANECDOTES
❖ A poor peddler, sold rattraps, not profitable
❖ Used to beg, steal to fill stomach
❖ Lived a sad and monotonous life
❖ One day he got an idea
❖ Whole world is a rattrap
❖ Wishes, money, desires are all bait
❖ But he was not caught in this rattrap 1. world had never been kind to
❖ Liked thinking about this all time him, so he liked speaking ill about it
❖ One dark night, saw little cottage
❖ Asked for shelter, given 2. it became his favourite past time
❖ Crofter, no wife, no children welcomed him
3. he was happy that he had not
❖ Was happy to talk to someone as was lonely
fallen into the rattrap of the world
❖ Crofter made the peddler comfortable
❖ Told the peddler that earlier crofter worked
at Ramsjo Ironworks, left job due to age 1. gave him food
❖ Now has cows
2. gave him tobacco roll
❖ got up and went to the window, took down a
leather pouch, showed peddler 30 kronors 3. got out an old pack of cards and
❖ next morning, both leave cottage at the same played ‘mjolis’
time
❖ after half an hour, peddler return, smashes
window, steals the money, puts the pouch back, runs away
❖ dared not to continue on public highway, went through forest
❖ big and confusing forest, walked and walked, realises he is lost
❖ realises the first time that he has fallen into the rattrap and the money was bait
❖ saw no way out, tired to death
❖ heard a sound—a hard regular thumping, got up, and went in the direction of the sound.
❖ Reaches the Ramsjo Ironworks, asks for shelter, given
❖ Ironmaster- Mr. Williamson, comes for inspection
❖ Saw the peddler, mistakes him as an old friend Captain von Stahle
❖ Peddler thinks of taking advantage for money, acts as old friend
❖ Ironmaster invites home, peddler denies
❖ Ironmaster sends daughter Edla Williamson
❖ Convinced him, took him in carriage
❖ Edla doubtful, thinks either this man has stolen money or escaped from jail
❖ In carriage, peddler realises again that he is caught into a rattrap
❖ next day was Christmas Eve, ironmaster came into the dining room for breakfast
❖ thinks to help his friend, Edla talks about the peddler, says man does not seem as educated
as a captain
❖ door opened, peddler enters, truly clean and well dressed
1. She has made a promise with
❖ suit of clothes which belonged to the ironmaster
peddler
❖ truth realised, peddler insulted, ironmaster asks to leave
❖ Edla supports the peddler 2. It was Christmas eve
❖ Peddler surprised
❖ Ironmaster agrees 3. peddler got only one day to enjoy
❖ Author first visited Gandhi in 1942 at his ashram in Sevagram, central India
❖ He had gone to the December 1916 annual convention of the Indian National Congress
party in Lucknow
❖ He had come to the Congress session to complain about the injustice of the landlord
❖ Gandhi told Shukla he had an appointment in Cawnpore and was also committed to go to
❖ Impressed by Shukla’s desire and story Gandhi said, ‘‘I have to be in Calcutta on such-and-
❖ MONTHS PASSED……
complete information about conditions which Shukla was NOT ABLE TO IMPART
▪ For this, Gandhi ji sent a telegram to prof. J.B Kriplani, of the arts college in
Muzzafarpur whom he had seen at Tagore’s shantiniketan school.
▪ Train arrived at midnight, 15 April 1917
❖ Gandhi stayed in Muzzafarpur for 2 days in the home of prof. Malkani, a teacher in govt.
school
▪ Gandhi appreciates the fact that Malkani even being a govt. teacher made a
place to stay at his own house for Gandhi
❖ News of Gandhi’s nature of mission spread quickly through Muzzafarpur and to Champaran
❖ Gandhi chided the lawyers when they told about how they have fought cases for peasants
and also told Gandhi about the size of their fee. Gandhi ji, said that, where the peasants
are so crushed and fear stricken, law courts are useless and does no good. The real relief
❖ Most of the arable land in Champaran district was divided into large estates owned by
❖ Landlords ordered all tenants to plant 15% of their holdings with indigo AND
❖ Presently, in 1917 landlords learned that Germany had developed synthetic indigo
❖ So, they obtained agreements from sharecroppers to pay them compensation for being
❖ When information of synthetic indigo reached illiterate peasants, they wanted their money
back.
❖ At this point, Gandhi arrived in Champaran
❖ He said that he DISREGARDED the ‘ORDER TO LEAVE’ NOT for the want of respect for the
OF CONSCIENCE
❖ Gandhi ji refused
❖ Later, judge announced that he would not deliver the judgement for several days
❖ Rajendra Prasad, Brij Kishore Babu and several other known lawyers had arrived from Bihar
❖ Senior lawyer replied, “they had come to advice and help him, if he went to jail there will
❖ They withdrew to consult and THOUGHT AMONG THEMSELVES that Gandhi ji was totally a
❖ They on the other hand had given services to peasants and are the residents of the
❖ Lawyers accordingly went back to Gandhi and told him that THEY WERE READY TO
❖ Then he took a piece of paper and divided the group into pairs and put down the order in
❖ Several days later, Gandhi received a written communication from Magistrate informing
him that the Lieutenant governor had ordered the case to be dropped.
the farmer
▪Depositions by about 10,000 peasants were written down and notes made on
other evidences.
▪ Documents were collected
❖ The whole area was throbbed with the activity of investigators, in short tabahi mach
gayi!
❖ Thinking probably that he will not give way, the representative of planters offered to
refund 25%
THE DEADLOCK.
❖ Gandhi ji explained,
❖ 1. That the amount of refund was less important than the fact that landlords had to
ABOVE THE LAW. Now the peasant saw that HE HAD RIGHTS AND DEFENDERS, HE
LEARNED COURAGE
❖ During his long stay in Champaran, Gandhi ji kept a long-distance watch on ashram.
❖ He explained that what he did was very ordinary thing that he declared, that THEY COULD
POOR PEASANTS.
❖ His politics were linked with the day-to-day problems of the millions. HE WAS A
❖ HE TRIED TO MULD A NEW FREE INDIAN WHO COULD STAND ON HIS OWN FEET
❖ He saw the cultural and social backwardness in Champaran villages and wanted to do
something immediately
▪Mahadev desai and Narhari Parikh, 2 young men and disciplines along with
their wives volunteered for work
▪ Several other came from Bombay, Pune and other parts of the land
❖ Devadas, Gandhi ji’s youngest son arrived from ashram and so did Mrs. Gandhi. Primary
❖ Kasturbai taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community sanitation
❖ Gandhi ji got a doctor to volunteer his services for 6 months
❖ Gandhi ji noticed the bad state of women’s clothes. Asked Kasturbai to talk to them
❖ Early, in Champaran episode, Charles Andrews, the English pacifist who had become a
❖ Lawyers thought it would be a good idea for Andrews to stay in Champaran and help them.
❖ He said that the cause is just and they should rely on themselves to WIN THE
FLAMINGO
CH-6 POETS AND PANCAKES BY ASOKAMITRAN
ANECDOTES CUM SUMMARY
❖ Taken from the book, “My Years with The Boss” by Ashokamitran
❖ Author used to work at Gemini Studios
▪ Film producing studio
▪ Ordered and used make up brand “Pancakes” in truck loads (huge amount)
❖ Gemini Studios had a make-up room on the third floor
Very popular brand, used
▪ Earlier believed to be Robert Clive’s stables by famous celebrities like
▪ Had the look of hair cutting salon miss Gohar
▪ Lights at all angles and 6 large mirrors
▪ All incandescent lights
English soldier who expanded
▪ Fiery misery of those subjected to make-up as bulbs emitted a British Power in India, fought
lot of heat which were not comfortable. some impossible battles and
married a young woman in
▪ First headed by a Bengali who left for bigger opportunities, then
Madras.
Maharashtrian, an Andhra, a Madras Indian Christian, an Anglo-
Burmese and the usual local Tamils – shows that there was a great deal of national integration long
before A.I.R and Doordarshan began broadcasting programmes on national integration
▪ Had the ability to turn any simple looking human into an ugly creature using heaps of Pancake
products Near about 5 percent movies were shot outdoors
▪ Followed a hierarchy of applying make-up and rest of them were shot indoors. So, the indoor
and making them ugly: lighting and set up required the actors to wear
loads of make up to look presentable in front of the
Chief make up man lead actors and actresses camera.
Office boy making the remaining crowd look ugly at times of crowd shooting
❖ Office Boy
▪ Make-up studio had its own office boy
▪ Not a boy but a man in early forties
▪ Joined the studio with the dream of becoming an actor or screen-writer, director or lyricist
❖ Ashokamitran- The Author
▪ Duty- to cut out newspaper clippings on variety of subjects and store them in files.
▪ Many of these had to be written by hand
▪ Was given a small area in a room with French windows on two sides
▪ Most people thought that the job was insignificant (koi zyada mehnat wala kaam nahi tha)
▪ People including office boy would lecture him about how talent was getting wasted
▪ Author wished for more crowd shootings to protect him from lectures
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❖ The boy from the make-up department blamed that the main reason for all his discomfort and distress was
Kothamanglam Subbu
❖ Subbu
▪ Got better opening in films than the make-up boy even though he was less educated and entered this
field in initial stages
▪ Was born a Brahmin which was considered to be a virtue (good luck)
▪ Cheerful man
▪ Capable of keeping a happy face even after his film was a flop
▪ Was bad at doing things on his own
▪ But his loyalty made him a man of importance
▪ Everyone thought that he was creative and a perfect fit for film-making
▪ Would come up with many different ways to perform a scene in a minute
▪ Gave definition and direction to Gemini Studios
▪ Had a separate identity as a poet
▪ Had the opportunity of getting his poetry extraordinary recognition but he still chose to recite it
personally to the masses.
▪ Composed various folk story poems and the infamous (famous for wrong reasons) novel, “Thillana
Mohanambal”
▪ a realistic actor, not interested in playing the protagonist (hero of the film)
▪ Whichever role he performed, he performed it better than the lead actors
▪ Respectful, affectionate (pyaar karne waala) and welcoming
▪ Author not sure about the reason behind such hatred towards Subbu
▪ Guessed it to be because his closeness with boss, and that he praised the boss to gain favours
▪ The boy in the make-up room department wished terrible things for Subbu
❖ Subbu was under a department called the Story Department comprising a lawyer, writers and poets.
❖ The Lawyer
▪ Referred to as the ‘legal adviser’ but people used to call him the opposite because of an incident
▪ The incident- Once an angry actress started throwing tantrums (nakhre) on set leaving everyone in
shock while the lawyer secretly switched on the recording. He played it when the actress stopped,
leaving her shocked. It became very hard for her to recover from the tone, volume and tantrums she
used. Due to this experience, it marked the end of her short but brilliant acting career.
▪ The lawyer wore different unique clothes, different from the usual uniform- khadi dhoti and Khadi shirt
▪ He wore pants, tie and sometimes a coat
▪ Narrator called him a ‘neutral man in the assembly of Gandhiites and Khadiites’ because he was
different from the rest of them
▪ Was allowed to produce his own film, gets flop-lots of make-up used
▪ Finally, the boss shut down the story department
▪ Narrator tells in a sarcastic way that this is the first time where a lawyer lost his job because the poets
were asked to go home
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FLAMINGO
CH-7 THE INTERVIEW BY CHRISTOPHER SILVESTER
ANECDOTES
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(refer to the Video by CBSE Winners on YouTube to understand the rest part.”
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FLAMINGO
CH-8 GOING PLACES BY A.R. BARTON
ANECDOTES
(this conversation is not important for paper) (this conversation is not important for paper)
Excuse me, but aren’t you Danny Casey? Promise you’ll tell no-one?” Sophie said. --- “Nothing to tell is
he said, “Yes, that’s right there?” ------- “Promise, Geoff — Dad’d murder me.” --------
“Only if he thought it was true.” ---“Please, Geoff.” --------
I asked him for an autograph for little Derek, “Christ, Sophie, you’re still at school. Danny Casey must have
but neither of us had any paper or a pen. So strings of girls.” ----------“No he doesn’t.”------------------------------
then we just talked a bit. About the clothes in ---- “How could you know that?” he jeered.---------------------------
Royce’s window. He seemed lonely. he said, if - “He told me, that’s how.” ----------“As if anyone would tell a
I would care to meet him. girl something like that.” “Yes he did. He isn’t like that. He’s...
quiet
he would give me an autograph then. Of
course, I said I would.”
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Sophie Jansie
3. introvert 3. nosey
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VISTAS
THE THIRD LEVEL BY JACK FINNEY
ANECDOTES
-------------------------------------------------------END----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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VISTAS
CH-2 THE TIGER KING BY KALKI
ANECDOTES
I
❖ Maharaja of Pratibandapuram, Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur
❖ Also called Tiger King- protagonist (leading character of a story)
❖ Very courageous but now dead, manner of death is very interesting
❖ Great miracle took place at his birth.
▪ Astrologers foretold that the child will grow up to become hero of heroes, champion of champions
but ...will die one day
▪ Ten days old Jilani Jung Jung Bahadur spoke up, “O wise prophets!”
▪ Further says that everyone will die one day, would believe their studies if they could tell the manner
of his death.
▪ Everyone in shock, ten days old baby opening lips, also raising intelligent questions!
▪ Astrologers reply, prince born in hour of bull, bull and tigers are enemy, so death will be because of
tigers and advice the prince to be aware of tigers
▪ Prince replies, “let tigers beware!”
II
1. drank milk of an English cow
❖ Crown prince grew taller and stronger day by day
2. brought up by an English nanny
❖ Born and brough up like other princes
3. tutored in English by an English man
❖ Became king at age of 20
❖ Everyone remembered astrologer’s prediction 4.saw only English films
❖ Tiger king started tiger hunt, killed a tiger and called the
Astrologers
❖ Astrologers replied that he may kill 99 tigers but the 100th tiger will be the cause of his death
❖ What if the 100th tiger were also killed? asks king
❖ “I shall cut off my tuft, crop my hair and become an insurance agent” replies astrologer
III
▪ To prevent this, 50 expensive rings was sent to officer’s wife to choose one or two rings, but all rings
were taken
▪ Bill of 3 lakh rupees, but managed to retain his kingdom
IV
V
❖ Maharaja dreamt of 100th tiger day and night
❖ Tigers got extinct even in his father-in-law’s kingdom
❖ Became impossible to locate tigers anywhere
❖ Maharaja announced 3 years exemption (free) from all taxes for village which found out the tiger
❖ Tiger still not found
❖ Maharaja became angry, ordered dewan to double the land taxes and warned him about losing his job
❖ Dewan saw that a tiger had been brought from the People’s park in Madras
❖ At midnight, dewan and his wife dragged the tiger to the place where king was hunting
❖ Maharaja fired a bullet, tiger fell down
❖ Maharaja became extremely happy of killing the 100th tiger, went back happily
❖ Hunters went to take a closer look at tiger and realised that the bulled missed the shot and the tiger just
fainted from the sound of the bullet. Hence, 100th tiger was not killed.
❖ In fear if losing jobs, no one told it to maharaja and one of the hunters killed the tiger
❖ A few days later, Maharaja’s son’s 3rd birthday was celebrated
❖ Maharaja went to shopping centre and searched every shop. Finally, he spotted a wooden tiger in a toy shop
and decided to buy it.
❖ Wooden tiger was very cheap but due to fear of maharaja, the shopkeeper demanded 300Rs.
❖ Maharaja took it and played with his son and the wooden tiger
❖ Wooden tiger was made by an unskilled carpenter and had tiny slivers of wood all over it
❖ One of those slivers pierced the maharaja’s right hand
❖ In four days, it developed into a suppurating sore(pus) and spread all over his arm
❖ 3 famous surgeons from Madras were brought and the operation took place
❖ Surgeons came out of the theatre and announced, “The operation was successful. Maharaja is dead.”
❖ In this manner, the hundredth tiger took its final revenge and killed the tiger king.
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VISTAS
JOURNEY TO THE END OF EARTH BY TISHANI DOSHI
ANECDOTES
❖ Revolves around the world’s most preserved place, Antarctica where a south Indian person (author) went on
an expedition(journey) with a group of teenagers linked with ‘Students on Ice’ programme who takes young
minds to different places to make the “future generation of policy makers” learn about the planet at a very
early age.
❖ Initiative was introduced by Geoff Green who got tired of his regular job once he got rich and wanted to give it
back in some way.
❖ In the beginning, the author talks about her journey to one of the coldest, driest and windiest continents on
Earth; Antarctica.
❖ author began journey from Madras and on her journey, crossed 9 time zones, 6 checkpoints, 3 water bodies
and 3 ecospheres
❖ took her about 100 hours of combined travelling by car, aeroplane and then a ship
❖ when she first set her feet on the continent, she felt utmost (greatest) relief as it was all white, and the sight
of blue horizon was very comforting Horizon- line at which land and sky appear to meet
❖ Was astonished by the fact that there was a time when
Indian and Antarctica were geographically connected
Part of History
❖ 650 million years ago, there was a super continent known as Gondwana comprising of present-day India and
Antarctica
❖ there was no humans and the climate were warmer which gave rise to huge varieties of flora and fauna
(plants and animals)
❖ it was present for 500 million years until dinosaurs got extinct and human beings came into existence
❖ the huge continent was then forced to separate and form countries as we know today
❖ according to the author, if one wants to have a view of history and to see where we are headed, Antarctica is
the right place
❖ it is the best place to research and understand about mountain ranges, ozone and carbon.
❖ It was a very different experience for the author as being a South Indian sun-worshipping woman, it was hard
for her or anyone else to imagine living in a place where 90 percent of the Earth’s total ice volumes are stored.
❖ Not only biologically or physically difficult, but also for imagination. A place untouched by humans and their
inventions, it gives an experience that makes us forget about all the other things
❖ From small creatures like mites to huge creatures like blue whales, everything can be found in Antarctica
❖ Days are never ending with sun light all the time falling on the southern hemisphere
Human Impact
❖ Human life on earth has been since only 12,000 years which converts into a few seconds on the geological
clock
❖ In this small time, humans have exploited each and every resource creating a chaos in the nature
❖ This exploitation has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around our planet which is further increasing the
average global temperature, thus leading to global warming.
❖ Global warming and climate change are high priority concerns these days
❖ According to the author, if one wishes to study and analyse Earth’s past, present and future, Antarctica is the
place to go
❖ The programme ‘Students on Ice’ has been very successful because it is very easy to sit at home and talk
about real issues, but actually seeing glaciers collapsing gives a glimpse into the future
❖ Antarctica is one of those places with limited biodiversity and has a less complicated eco system.
❖ As a result, little changes in environment can have drastic effects.
❖ “Take care of the small things and the big things will fall into place.”
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----------------------------------------END OF CHAPTER------------------------------------------------
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VISTAS
CH-4 THE ENEMY BY Pearl S. Buck
ANECDOTES
2. Yumi bought the hot water but denied washing the White man
❖ Hana screamed at Yumi but later realised that servants can tell this to police officers, hence changed her tone
❖ Hana said Yumi to return to her work, left alone with the White man
❖ Hana took a small clean towel and washed his face, cleaned his upper body, became more restless, called
Sadao
❖ Sadao came carrying his emergency bag and wearing his surgeon’s coat, prepared to operate the White man
❖ Sadao started his work, Hana very obedient, helped Sadao in every way possible, brought towels, laid down
mats, told Sadao about Yumi denying washing the White man but Sadao paid no attention, hands working
very fast
❖ Sadao told Hana to inject anaesthesia to patient, Hana never done that earlier, Sadao said that it was very
easy, Sadao removed the packing and the blood came out, Hana could not see it, choked, ran out, Sadao
heard sound of vomiting
❖ As Sadao needed Hana’s help to operate, he thought that it would be better for her to empty her stomach so
that she would not feel uneasy again.
❖ Sadao felt irritated that he was not able to help her wife due to the man lying like a dead body
❖ Sadao thought that there was no reason for him to save the man because there was no reason for him to live.
Even then, his hands continued working and operating the White man.
❖ Hana entered room confidently, asked what she was supposed to do, Sadao told her to put some anaesthetic
on cotton and to place the cotton near the man’s nostril, also told her to remove the cotton when the man
started to breathe heavily
❖ Sadao was quick, saw bullet near the kidney, made some surgical cuts on the body and removed the bullet,
the White man murmured “guts”, later became silent, Sadao check pulse again
❖ Sadao stopped Hana from giving more anaesthesia, filled a syringe with the medicine and pushed the vaccine
into the man’s left arm
❖ Man woke up, was full of fear, Hana served him food as the servants refused to enter that room
❖ Hana said man to not be afraid, man surprised that Hana could speak English, Hana told that she lived in
America for a long time, Hana said to man that he would soon become strong
❖ Sadao visited the man on the third day after operation, man was weak and sitting, Sadao screamed and
ordered him to lie down as he could die if not taken proper rest
❖ White man asked what Sadao would do with him, Sadao said that he himself did not know, disclosed that he
know that the man is a prisoner of man, stopped man from speaking further
❖ Hana came, told Sadao that servants would not stay with them if the American White man lived anymore and
that Yumi and servants thought that Hana and Sadao liked Americans
❖ Sadao denied, said Americans were their enemies but he had been trained in such a way that he could not let
a man die and would help him in whichever way he could
❖ Servants taunt Sadao and Hana 1. Old gardener said that the master should have let the White man
❖ Hana felt that the servants were right bleed when he was so close to death
But she had some feelings for the man
That she herself could not analyse 2. the cook said disrespectfully that their master was so proud of his
❖ She did not like the prisoner, injured skill at saving lives that he did not bother whose life he was saving.
man told his name “TOM” to Hana, she
3. Yumi got worried about the children and wondered that when
ignored, injured man was a great trouble
they will grow up, they would be labelled as the children of traitor
to her and was a threat to Sadao and her
(dhokebaaz) and as Sadao was helping an American, all people of
❖ Sadao doing his role of doctor perfectly,
Japan would consider him to be an enemy of Japan.
Would examine the wound everyday
❖ On the 7th day, two incidents happened, 1. the servants of the house left in the morning, Hana did not show
her feelings to the servants and paid them off gracefully and also thanking them for their services, Yumi cried
❖ Hana gets worried, asked Sadao that why were they not behaving with the prisoner of war just like other
Japanese would have and let him die? why are they not clear about what to do? Sadao said nothing and went
into the room where the prisoner of war was resting
❖ Instructed the White man to stand for 5 minutes today and increase the time every day, said it would be good
for everyone that the man gets healthy as soon as possible, hinted that they wanted to get rid of the American
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❖ Man said “Okay”, thanked Sadao for everything, Sadao said to not thank him too early, terror on man’s face
appeared
❖ 2nd incident on the 7th day, a messenger wearing official uniform came to the house, Hana scared, felt that
servants must have told that they were sheltering an enemy, unable to speak, messenger stood in front of
Sadao
❖ Messenger said that Sadao was supposed to go with the messenger to the palace, said that the old General
was in pain and Sadao was supposed to treat him as a doctor, Hana relieved, took a deep breath
❖ Sadao said goodbye to Hana, Hana told that she thought that the messenger has come to arrest Sadao
❖ Sadao became sad knowing how Hana is in too much stress due to all the incidents, decided that he must get
rid of the man by any way
❖ Sadao went to the General, narrated him the entire story
❖ General felt that Sadao was a necessary part of his life at that moment and said that Sadao cannot be
arrested, added that if Sadao gets death sentence and the General needs to get operated the next day, then
who would operate upon him, said that he would not let this happen
❖ Sadao suggested that there were many other surgeons in Japan, General replied that he did not trust anyone
else other than Sadao, added that the best surgeons had been trained by the Germans and for them, the
operation would be successful even if the General died
❖ Very interesting lines: then he asked Sadao that being a Japanese, could he not combine the two foreign
elements
▪ 1. The harsh nature of the Germans- referring to giving the prisoner of war to the Japanese army
▪ 2. With the emotional nature of Americans- referring to saving his life during operation
Sadao said that he was not sure about it but he was willing to try, General said that the General must not be
the trial case
❖ General said that the best solution was to kill the man silently. Said that the White man would not be killed by
Sadao but by General’s hired killers (assassins)
▪ General would send two killers to Sadao’s house that night or any night
▪ Wanted Sadao to keep the door open of the room where the prisoner rested
▪ Killers would come, kill the White man and would take away his body
❖ Sadao went back home, kept on thinking about the plan, thought that in this way, he would not be involved in
the death of the America man, decided to not tell Hana about it
❖ Sadao came into the prisoner’s room, surprised to see the man out of his bed, warned the man not to stand
and walk
❖ Man thanked Sadao and said that if he had not reached Sadao that day, then he would have died, added that
if all the Japanese people would have been like Sadao, then the war would not have happened
❖ Sadao said that maybe this could be true, bowed to him and said goodnight
❖ Sadao was restless all night as the killers had to come, imagined the sound of footsteps and that some men
were carrying the American’s dead body, could not sleep the whole night
❖ In the morning, Sadao made an excuse to go to the American’s room, saw the man asleep, could hear the
sounds of his breathing
❖ Hana asked again that what would they do with the man, Sadao promised that he would decide in one or two
days
❖ Sadao thought that maybe the killers would come the next night, waited, found out that the American was
still there the next morning, waited for another night, both Sadao and Hana got scared of the sound of loud
crash, American still alive and present the third morning
❖ Man announced happily that he was well, Sadao could not withstand waiting for the killers to come the next
night, he was not bothered about the man’s life but he could not bear the stress any more
❖ Sadao said to the man that he was well now and strong enough to sail a boat, planned that if he arranged a
boat, filled it with food and extra clothing, the man would be able to row it to the nearby island which was not
guarded and not inhabited (matlab koi rehta bhi nahi tha us island par and koi army wagerah bhi nahi thi),
instructed the man to live there until he spotted a Korean fishing boat pass by and go along with it
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❖ White man stared at Sadao and asked whether it was necessary for him to do so. Sadao appealed that the
place he was living in was known to everyone, White man agreed
❖ Sadao made arrangements, pulled out a big boat in the night, placed food, water and two quilts in it, worked
without a torch as did not want to be spotted by anyone
❖ Checked the man’s body temperature and heartbeat, high heartbeat as the American was excited
❖ Young man said to Sadao that he was saving his life once again, Sadao said that it was not like that and that he
was sending him because he could not keep him any longer
❖ Sadao gave the man his own torch, instructed him that if the food gets over before the Korean boat arrives,
then the man must signal Sadao with two flashes of the torch at the dusk time (evening jab sunset ho raha
hota ha), asked him to be careful 1. to not use torch during night
❖ American shook hands and walked away towards the boat
2. can eat raw fish but must not cook it as
---------------------next scene---------------------------------------------------- the fire could be spotted by the guards
❖ A week ago, the General had been operated in an emergency by Sadao, General was weak after the operation
❖ Sadao informed him that the man escaped, he did not have the courage to ask General about what happened
to the killers he was about to send to kill the White man
❖ At Sadao’s home, servants returned, everything was normal
❖ The General was surprised and said that as he was suffering from bad health, he had forgotten about the
promise that he had made of sending those killers
❖ General felt sorry for being careless, added that it was not that he did not love Japan or he was escaping from
his duty, looked at Sadao expecting support
❖ Sadao said that he understood the General’s position, he understood that the General was in his control and
as a result, Sadao was safe, said that he trusted the loyalty of General towards Japan
❖ General was relaxed and said that Sadao was a good man and that he would be rewarded for his goodness
❖ but for Sadao, he got his reward when he found no trace of torch light in the evening which meant that the
White man found a Korean boat and had gone with it safely back home
❖ stood at the veranda and thought “WHY COULD I NOT KILL HIM?”
*MAGIC SENTENCE: Sadao’s heads and hands were moving in different directions
------------------------------------------------------END OF CHAPTER--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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VISTAS
SHOULD WIZARD HIT MOMMY BY JOHN HOYER UPDIKE
ANECDOTES
❖ Jo interrupted the story, imagined her own story that the wizard hit mommy skunk and did not change the
smell back, father told nothing like that happened, Jo interrupted again but Jack stopped her and told her that
it was his story
❖ Continued the story that, after some time when Roger skunk was sleeping, his mom came back, hugged him,
told him that he smelled again like her baby skunk and that she loved him a lot
❖ Jack ended the story, Jo asked that did the other animals run away from Roger skunk again
❖ Jack replied ‘no’ because they slowly got habitual to the smell of the skunk
❖ Jo resisted, thought what mommy skunk did was not right and that it was stupid, Jack took it personally, said
‘no’, ordered her to sleep
❖ Jo stood up on bed, started jumping, asked her father to tell a story the next day that wizard took magic stick
and hit skunk’s mom
❖ Jack explained that this was not what the story said 1. the skunk loved his mother more than any of the
❖ Told her that the story gave a message other animals
❖ Jo kept on insisting that the next day, he
Would have to tell her the story like the one she 2. his mother knew what was right for him and what
was not
Wanted, started throwing tantrums, became
Stubborn (ziddi) 3. one should never change for anyone.
❖ Jack ordered her to sleep, closed the door, went to
His wife, thought that both him and his wife are caught in a cage like situation in their marriage
----------------------------------------------------------------------END OF CHAPTER----------------------------------------------------------------
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VISTAS
ANECDOTES
Telephonic conversation
❖ Story begins when the Secretary of the examination board received a call from Governor, Oxford prison
▪ Governor said, it was a strange request but they wanted to help the person
▪ Named Evans
▪ Told him that, Evans started taking night lessons in O-level of German language, last September
▪ Evans was interested in achieving educational qualification
▪ Secretary agreed to give him a chance, would send all forms required, asked whether Evans was a
violent person
▪ Governor said that there was no such record, nice guy, humorous,
▪ Decided to conduct test in Evans’s own lock up, would call a churchman from a nearby church as
invigilator
About Evans
On the Day of Examination- 8th June, Tuesday Stephens- newly appointed officer
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❖ At 10:50 a.m. Governor found that he had almost forgotten about Evans.
❖ He heard Evans asking to wrap a blanket around his shoulder as it was cold, allowed
❖ At 10:51 a.m. Stephens opened the peep hole and was surprised to see Evans with the blanket, seemed
strange to him, thought of reporting to Jackson, but told himself that he should not overthink as there might
be cold inside
❖ At 11:20 a.m., Mc Lerry told Evans that only 5 minutes were left
❖ At 11:22 a.m. Jackson shouted to Stephens as the Governor wanted to speak to him
▪ Governor ordered him that it was his duty to accompany Mc Lerry to the main gate
▪ Ordered that Stephen had to be fully assured that Evan’s cell is properly locked
❖ At 11:25 a.m. Governor heard the final talks between Evans and Mc Lerry
▪ Mc Lerry asked Evans to stop writing, told him to arrange his sheets in order
▪ Evans said thank you to Mc Lerry, Mc Lerry asked about how his exam was, Evan replied that it was
not too bad
❖ Exam was over
❖ Stephen asked Mc Lerry did Evan’s exam go well, Mc Lerry said that he didn’t think so, his accent was a bit
different and his overcoat was reaching close to his knees
Mc Lerry exits
❖ Stephens felt very happy that the Governor had asked him, and not Jackson, to see Mc Lerry off
❖ Stephens wanted to have a last look at Evans
❖ Stephens looked inside Evan’s cell, he was shocked to see the situation inside, he cried and yelled.
❖ For few seconds he thought that it was Evans but later realised that it was Mc Lerry, hair soaked in blood
❖ Stephens shouted loudly to call Jackson, Mc Lerry screamed, cried out of pain, Jackson came, ordered
Stephens to call ambulance and police
❖ Injured Mc Lerry raised himself and told them that they should not worry about him as he is fine, asked for the
Governor as he knew where Evans had gone, Jackson and Stephens took him to Governor
❖ Injured Mc Lerry opened the German question paper, wanted to show something important to the Governor
❖ Governor noticed that a photocopied sheet was cleverly laid on the blank space of the question paper, it was
in German, Governor knew German, translated the text partly
❖ It was written on plan that
▪ Everything should go by the plan
▪ Had to do just 3 minutes before the exam ends
▪ Told to hit on Mc Lerry’s head
▪ Was warned for not overdoing his Scottish accent
❖ By this time, detective Carter came and saluted the Governor asked what the matter was, Injured Mc Lerry
interrupts in between, said that Evans had gone to Elsfield, was breathing heavily, Governor sent injured Mc
Lerry to hospital along with Carter
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❖ Governor started reading the text again and discovered that it was a route towards the examination board
❖ Governor concluded that somebody from the examination board had helped him, scold Stephens and Jackson
❖ Stephen said that it was him who took Evans out (in form of Mc Lerry ) as he had received a call from
Governor, Governor denied, concluded that it was a fake call
❖ Governor scolded Jackson for being so confident. Scolded that they spent two hours in checking Evan’s cell
but even then, Evans was able to hide a false beard, spectacles and other stuff and also had a weapon to hit
Mc Lerry
❖ Finally, Governor decoded the place from the text, felt Evans was careless in leaving the question paper and
that he would be caught soon
❖ Detective Carter called Governor, told him that Mc Lerry had seen Evans in Elsfield, informed him that since
Injured Mc Lerry had grown very weak, they took him to examination office, and then called up the
ambulance
❖ Governor inquired about the injured person in hospital but found out that the ambulance went but came
empty as there was no one
❖ Governor did not speak anything, understood the whole truth.
❖ After a gap of 15 minutes, they found the real Reverend Mc Lerry who was tied up by two men at his own
house since 8:15 a.m.
❖ It was clear that the man who was taken to the prison door by Stephens was not Evans but Evans was the
one who stayed inside the cell and pretended to be injured Mc Lerry
❖ After having delicious food, Evans decided to go back to his hotel room, was wearing a new hat, recalled how
funny it was to wear a fake beard
❖ Evans unlocked his room, turned back and was shocked to see someone in his room. It was the Governor
❖ Evans looked around hopelessly, Governor told him that there is no use of it as he had his men all around
❖ Evans looked disturbed, said it was the correction slip he guessed, the Governor accepted and said that the
Governor knew some German
❖ Evans then relaxed over some time and explained that it was not an actual mistake as it was necessary for
them to know the exact time at which the paper started so that they could make a call exactly before the end
of the exam to make the Governor and other officers busy while making clear way for fake Mc Lerry
❖ Evans said that the correction slip gave him both the hotel name and the time of exam, it was like killing two
birds with one stone, Governor agreed.
❖ Evans then queried how did the Governor get to know that he was staying in which hotel as their were
hundreds of them, Governor said the index number 313 and centre number 271 were the six figure refernce
for the map
❖ Governor stood up and asked him where he got blood from, it was from the rubber ring Governor guessed,
Evans told him that they got pig blood easily from a meat shop
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❖ Governor took Evans with him and walked down the stairs
❖ Governor asked him how he planned this as he had no visitors or letters for him, Evans replied that he had
many friends, also the German teacher was his friend, Governor was shocked
❖ The receptionist said that the van was ready. Both Evans and the receptionist winked at each other.
❖ Evans was chained by the prison officer and both climbed the van, Governor bid him farewell
❖ Soon the van turned right, the prison officer removed the handcuffs from Evans and asked the driver to drive
fast. The driver asked Evans where to go, HENCE,
AT LAST Evans was able to escape once again with the help of his friends who were now pretending to be the prison
officer and the driver.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------CHAPTER ENDS------------------------------------------------------------------
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