U

ASSESSMENT COVERSHEET

Attach this coversheet as the cover of your submission. All sections must be completed.

Section A: Submission Details

Programme : Diploma in Chemical Engineering Technology
Course Code & Name : CKD 20102 Separation Technology
Course Lecturer(s) : Azyyati binti Johari
Submission Title : Case study on the separation techniques in Petronas floating LNG facilities
Deadline : Day 25 Month June Year 2020 Time 2359
Penalties :  5% will be deducted per day to a maximum of four (4) working days, after which the
submission will not be accepted.
 Plagiarised work is an Academic Offence in University Rules & Regulations and will be
penalised accordingly.

Section B: Academic Integrity

Tick (√) each box below if you agree:
√ I have read and understood the UniKL’s policy on Plagiarism in University Rules & Regulations.
√ This submission is my own, unless indicated with proper referencing.
√ This submission has not been previously submitted or published.
√ This submission follows the requirements stated in the course.

Section C: Submission Receipt

(must be filled in manually)

Office Receipt of Submission

Date & Time of
Submission (stamp) Student Name(s) Student ID(s)

25 JUNE 2020 MOHD KHAIRUL FATHY BIN M.ASRAR 55102118037

Student Receipt of Submission

This is your submission receipt, the only accepted evidence that you have submitted your work. After this is
stamped by the appointed staff & filled in, cut along the dotted lines above & retain this for your record.

Date & Time of

Course Code Submission Title Student ID(s) & Signature(s)
Submission (stamp)

25 JUNE 2020 CKD 20102 REPORT ON PFLNG 55102118037

UniKL CDDH v3 Appendix N - Assessment Coversheet v2 (2019-09-17)

 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
ASSESSMENT BRIEF

COURSE DETAILS
INSTITUTE UniKL MICET
COURSE NAME Separation Technology
COURSE CODE CKD 20102
COURSE LEADER Azyyati binti Johari
LECTURER Azyyati binti Johari
SEMESTER & YEAR January 2020

ASSESSMENT DETAILS
TITLE/NAME Final Assessment
WEIGHTING 40%
DATE/DEADLINE 21/06/2020, before 2359
COURSE LEARNING CLO 3:
OUTCOME(S)
React and Respond to any problems or issues related to mixtures that are
to be separated or purified as well as technology and methods related to
Separation Processes

INSTRUCTIONS Perform the following tasks:

1. Summarize the historical background of Petronas Floating Liquefied

Natural Gas (FLNG).
2. Explain two type of separating techniques which have been
implemented in Petronas FLNG.
3. Identify the challenges and difficulties during FLNG installation.
4. Discuss the solution to overcome the challenges and difficulties during
FLNG installation.
5. Explain the advantages of FLNG project.
6. Conclusion about this task.

DELIVERABLES 1. Produce a report which consists of the (item 1 - item 6) in the

instructions.
2. Produce a short video to explain this final assessment. Transfer your
short video in Microsoft office One Drive and share the link in the
submission form.

UniKL CDDH v3 Appendix O – Assessment Brief v2 (2019-09-17)

 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL BIOENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY– CKD 20102

FINAL ASSESSMENT (JANUARY 2020)

Assessment/Rubric/Marking Sheet

Title : Case study on the separation techniques in Petronas floating LNG facilities
Lecturer : Azyyati binti Johari
Date : 18/6/2020-21/6/2020

Name ID
MOHD KHAIRUL FATHY BIN M.ASRAR 55102118037

[ 1-2 ] [ 3-4 ] [ 5-6 ] [ 7-8 ] [ 9-10 ]

Rating Scale Very Poor Poor Satisfactory Good Excellent
1. The text and graphs/figures are readable, clear and understandable
2. Time management (3-5 minutes of video presentation)
3. Creativity of the video
SCORE /30

PART A: VISUAL PRESENTATION

PART B: TECHNICAL REPORT & VIDEO CONTENT

[ 0-3 ] [ 4-6 ] [ 7-9 ] [ 10-12 ] [ 13-15]

Rating Scale Very Poor Poor Satisfactory Good Excellent

1. Summarize the historical background of Petronas Floating

Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG).
2. Explain two type of separating techniques which have been
implemented in Petronas FLNG.

3. Identify the challenges and difficulties during FLNG installation.

4. Discuss the solution to overcome the challenges and difficulties

during FLNG installation.

5. Explain the advantages of FLNG project.

6. Conclusion about this task.

SCORE /90

TOTAL SCORE (PART A+PART B) /120

TOTAL MARKS = (TOTAL SCORE/120) x 40% /40

VERIFICATION

Accessed by :
Signature
Date :
 FINAL ASSESSMENT COVERSHEET

Attach this coversheet as the cover of your submission. All sections must be
completed.

Section A: Submission Details

Student Name : MOHD KHAIRUL FATHY BIN M.ASRAR

Student ID : 55102118037

Programme : DIPLOMA OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY IN PROCESS

Course Code & Name : SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY (CKD 20102)

Course Lecturer(s) : MADAM AZYYATI BINTI JOHARI

Submission Title : PETRONAS FLOATING LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS

Deadline :
Day Month Year Time
25 JUNE 2020

Penalties  5% will be deducted per day to a maximum of four (4) working days, after which
the submission will not be accepted.
 Plagiarised work is an Academic Offence as stated in University Rules &
Regulations and will be penalised accordingly.

Section B: Declaration of Academic Integrity

Tick (✓) each box below if you agree:

✓ I have read and understood the UniKL’s policy on Plagiarism in University Rules &
Regulations.
✓ This submission is my own, unless indicated with proper referencing.
✓ This submission has not been previously submitted or published.
✓ This submission follows the requirements stated in the course.

Section C: Details of the Submitter

Check that all the details above are filled in, then sign below with the date of submission:

Signature:

Date: 25 JULY 2020

UniKL CDDH v3 Appendix N(F) - Assessment Coversheet v1 (2020-04-23)
History of Petronas Floating Liquefied Natural Gas

Firstly, before going to the history of Petronas Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) the
term Liquefied Natural Gas need to be introduced. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is cooled down
natural gas. It is cooled down to liquid form to simplify the process of transporting and controlling
it. Next, move to the history of Petronas FLNG. Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) is a water
based vessel designed to allow extraction of natural gas resources from the seabed. It allows the
natural gas extracted to be immediately treated. FLNG vessels designed with equipment to facilitate
the production, liquefaction, treatment and storage of natural gas at sea.

The first Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) in the world is the Petronas Floating
Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) named Petronas Floating LNG Facility (PFLNG 1) SATU located at
Kanowit gas field, offshore of Sarawak, Malaysia. Construction lead by TechnicFMC under contract
by Petronas which is a company where expert in liquefaction with experience over 50 years. Also
TechnicFMC has the most advance technologies in cryogenic transfer and the world’s largest
floating production storage and offloading company is the most suited for this job. It is a very proud
achievement for Malaysia to be the first country to launch the first ever Floating Liquefied Natural
Gas (FLNG) facility. Owned by Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas), PFLNG SATU construction
started on June 2013 and launched on 14 May 2016. With a capacity of 1.2 million tonnes per
annum of LNG, it is a very big vessel and with the treatment process on board, LNG is ready to be
transported to the market effectively. With a dual row cargo, PFLNG can store LNG efficiently as
the cryogenic storage tanks installed is tolerant to sloshing and any inertia effect within the hull. As
a major LNG player in the world, PFLNG SATU has secure Malaysia’s position as one of the
biggest LNG production. As the PETRONAS President and Group Chief Executive Officer, Datuk
Wan Zulkiflee Wan Ariffin said “This accomplishment effectively demonstrates PETRONAS’
proven technology and capability of adapting a conventionally land-based installation to a floating
LNG facility, a game-changer in today’s LNG business landscape. It is a testimony of our innovative
solutions to meet the demands of our global players”[ CITATION PET17 \l 17417 ]. As the energy
demand globally is getting higher, this approach is a high feat for the country.

The achievement chronology in construction of PFLNG SATU started at 2013 where the hull
steel cutting is started. Then on 2014, keel laying, hull launch and the lifting of first module
happened throughput that year. The last module testing is on 2015 followed by the naming ceremony
on 2016. The PFLNG is named PFLNG SATU and became the first ever FLNG in the world. With
PFLNG SATU occupied by 145 crew, the first cargo achieved is at 1 April 2017. The first cargo was
fully loaded onto the carrier Seri Camellia and sailed to the South Asian market. The PETRONAS
President and Group Chief Executive Officer, Datuk Wan Zulkiflee Wan Ariffin added,
PETRONAS continuously employs technology, innovation and collaborative efforts to provide
energy solutions at a pace which the industry demands, and this successful first cargo milestone
further bolsters our reputation as a reliable and leading global LNG player and one-stop LNG
solutions provider”[ CITATION PET17 \l 17417 ]. It is then relocated to Kebabangan gas field,
offshore of Sabah, Malaysia on March 2019. The accomplishment on this further enhance the
position of Malaysia in other country’s eyes. Not to mention, the construction of Petronas FLNG
DUA is underway and expected to be launched on 2020 and will be located at Rotan Gas Field,
Sabah. With the capacity of 1.5 million tonnes per annum, PGLNG DUA has high expectations from
the country. This will impact Malaysia as a LNG player globally.

Petronas Floating Liquefied Natural Gas SATU (PFLNG 1) as the first PFLNG in the world
Separating Techniques Implemented in PFLNG SATU

As the request on natural gas is getting higher day by day, PFLNG SATU is one of the most
supplier of it. The production of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) on PFLNG SATU is a very efficient
approach on this case. Without needing to install pipelines to transport the LNG, PFLNG SATU can
bring the LNG straight to the market. The technology installed on PFLNG SATU enables it to run
natural gas treatment as soon as it is extracted from the seabed. In this context, there is several
separating techniques that used in treating the natural gas to produce Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).

Before natural gas is processed in the treatment process, it needs to undergo pre-treatment
process. Pre-treatment process is a process where several components is separated or more specific
removed from the natural gas. These components are called contaminants, they are removed due to
the damage it can produce during the treatment process. There are three main contaminants to be
removed that is mercury, water and carbon dioxide.

Mercury is removed by using non-generable metal oxide guard bed. By locating the guard
bed at the upstream of the acid gas removal unit, it minimizes the mercury contamination. In this
procedure, adsorption process is applied. A film of adsorbate is created on the surface of the
adsorbent that is the guard bed. Mercury is discarded as it can cause stress cracking in brazed
aluminium heat exchangers in the cryogenic tanks. Removing mercury also reduced the hazard that
it can cause to people and environment.

Next is removing water, water is removed due to it can cause hydration and freezing in the
cryogenic tanks. In this case, molecular sieves are used to achieve low content of water in LNG.
Molecular sieves functions by adsorbing water molecules into the pores which has the specific size
of a molecule of water. As natural gas contains water and passed through the molecular sieve
columns, the high adsorption ability helps the water to be removed from the gas stream due to the
low concentration. This technique has been implemented for a long time and its efficiency is very
high in removing water from natural gas.

Lastly is the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas. There are several techniques that
can be used to remove carbon dioxide from natural gas nowadays. On PFLNG SATU, the technique
implemented in discarding carbon dioxide is by amine absorption and another one is by using
membrane technology. Firstly, for the amine absorption process, carbon dioxide is removed by
absorbing it into amine solution. In this process, aqueous alkanolamine solution is flowed to the
natural gas in counter-current flow. These two fluid will be contacted to each other in an absorber
column. During this process, the amine solution will react with the carbon dioxide forming a
dissolved salt which leaving purified natural gas leaving the absorber. This separating process
applied is the absorption process. The reaction happened between the two fluid makes the
components inside a fluid to be absorbed thus leaving the initial fluid stream to be purified.
Secondly is the membrane technology. In membrane technology, carbon dioxide is removed by
filtering it using membranes. Membrane vessels filters carbon dioxide from natural gas. This process
described as the permeability of each gas is different. Therefore, CO 2 selective membrane is used as
in this case carbon dioxide is needed to be filtered. Membrane technology is a very flexible system
as it is not affected by rocking motion or any inertia conditions as PFLNG SATU operates in marine
environments. The driving force for membrane separation is the partial pressure differential between
the feed side and the permeate side of the membrane for each gas component. The reduced CO2
treated gas stream contains mostly slow-permeating components and is at a pressure slightly lower
than the feed. The downside of using membrane technology is it requires a large membrane area.
Therefore, membrane technology is only used in removing bulk carbon dioxide. The importance of
removing carbon dioxide is to prevent freezing in the cryogenic tanks as the temperature is low
there. Carbon dioxide content in natural gas needs to be lowered until less than 50 parts per million
by volume.
Challenges and Solutions during Petronas FLNG SATU Installation

Petronas Floating Liquefied Natural Gas SATU is a floating natural gas vessel which has
every facility on extracting, treating and delivering liquefied natural gas to the world. As a place
where functions as all in one, it is a farce if there is no challenges and difficulties apprehended
throughout the installation process. PFLNG SATU with a dimension of 365 m × 60 m × 33 m, has
177,000 m3 size of LNG storage and 20,000 m3 size of condensate storage is not easy to construct.
With combined effort of engineers, architects and more professional, PFLNG SATU is constructed
and represent the first FLNG in the world. As it operates on the sea, many aspects of construction
designs and functions needs to be considered. Each and every one possible hazard and risk is take
into account in the construction. Therefore, as the says goes ‘where there is a will, there is a way’,
these challenges are apprehended and overcome by brilliant solution with the wisdom of all
professionals.

One of the challenges is the risk of fire and cryogenic. As FLNG processing natural gas,
temperature play an important role. Therefore, there is a risk where related to the cryogenic tanks
and fire can start. In this case, the risk of fire and cryogenic has been analyses and it has been
ensured that during the process is running, the probability of these two threat are lower as possible.
The engineering skills applied on the equipment and designs of PFLNG SATU make sure that risks
are as low as reasonably practicable.

Secondly is the exhaust dispersion and helldeck availability. Within this aspect, fluid flows
and the reaction of fluids are taken into account. Risk of helideck impairment by hot plumes and
release of pollutant that can pollute the environment can bring fatal results. Therefore, all the
possible hazard and risks has been analyze by performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
dispersion simulation. This simulation analyze risk and hazard using numerical analysis and data
structures involving fluid flows. With high speed supercomputers, higher optimality of results is
achieved and the difficulties are solved.

Lastly is the most challenging task that is to analyze the explosion risk may occur on PFLNG
SATU. Explosion may cause a huge damage plus with the PFLNG operates on sea and carries a
whole lot of natural gas that is very flammable, explosion hazard must be taken priority over others.
Equipment and process will be interrupted. The repair process can cost months and maybe years.
Therefore, to overcome this problem, numerous flammable gas dispersion and explosion simulation
has been inspected. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is run and the results were used
fully and prioritize to derive and lower the risk of explosion happens. The design also has been
wonderfully planned to counter this issue.
 In addition, multiple safety measures have been taken into the construction of PFLNG
SATU. PFLNG SATU is installed with four fire blast walls around potentially fire zones that is on
the main deck, topsides process and utilities module. Other than that, escape routes and safe
gathering points as refuges has been sketch perfectly and practiced by the whole crew. Three
emergency blowdown zones and passive fire protection also installed other than cryogenic spill
protection and fire water system as basic and important safety measures in the PFLNG. Apart from
that, noise and vibration system also installed in the process. Extensive noise and vibration is not a
small problem as it also can cause hazard not only to equipment but also to the surrounding.
Therefore, noise and vibration system has been designed to keep these levels within tolerance.
Advantages of FLNG Project

There are many advantages on the Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Project but the most
contribution of this project is on the economic benefits. As the demand on natural gas supply is
getting higher by year, FLNG allows natural gas to operates efficiently on processing natural gas.
FLNG fully manipulate the potential on reserving and delivering natural gas quickly and
economically as all the production process is run on the FLNG. Unlike before, natural gas that is
extracted needs to be transport to the facility where it can be processed but now FLNG is a smaller
and remote field where liquefied natural gas is developed without any constrains of needing land-
based facilities. Other than that, the FLNG project has open many job opportunities to the world. In
addition, the launching of PFLNG DUA is upcoming and expected to create more job opportunities.
This project not only give benefit to the LNG market but also benefits graduates within the course.

Other than benefitting economically, FLNG project also helps in profiting the environment.
In this scope, FLNG is a floating-based vessel where contains the facilities in producing LNG. Thus,
it benefits by needing no land-based facilities to process LNG anymore. Other than that, it also
reduces the cost needed and environmental footprint generated. The cost of processing natural gas is
cut down as it does not need pipelines to transport the natural gas and also does not require any
onshore facilities. Carbon footprints is the total carbon released to the environment as any activity
executed and it is bad for the environment. FLNG is a gas fired powered machinery and it produces
half the amount of carbon than coal powered machinery. It also released one-tenth of air pollutants
compared to coal powered machinery.
Conclusion

In conclusion, throughout the report there is so much interesting facts about Petronas
Floating Liquefied Natural Gas SATU. From the history and chronology of the construction of the
PFLNG SATU it shows that the journey is not an easy task. Numerous professionals and experts are
recruited in succeeding this project. Advanced technologies and an all in one facilities described
how skilful they are. Other than that, the separation techniques applied in producing liquefied natural
gas is very executive. Equipment and machinery installed in this 365-meter-long FLNG is enough to
produce liquefied natural gas efficiently and deliver it to the market. But never forget that behind all
these advanced system and equipment installed, it is all considered and simulated countless time in
order to make it a perfect piece. Safety measures are taken and risks are lowered. Safety is the
hardest aspect needed to be handled and the most challenging barrier above all. But there is no
stopping the realists on making their project successful, they pave their way in overcome these
challenges with smart and brilliant solution. Apart from that, the project also contributes many
advantages to the world. It is not only economically efficient but also environmentally systematic.
To put in a nutshell, the Petronas Floating Liquefied Natural Gas SATU Project is a very high
achievement for the country, Malaysia. Being the first FLNG in the world higher other countries
respect to Malaysia. This kind of feat deserve to be remembered for a long time for future youth as
their role model.