174 Book Reviews

Those aspects of the book which concern the law a n d judicial

processes are related to either Federal or State legislation in the USA, a n d
although not being of help as authoritative statements in other countries,
may nevertheless be of interest even to those who do not have contact
with US cases. In particular, the chapter on product liability m a y be
useful as a foretaste of what may become m u c h more c o m m o n on this
side of the Atlantic in the not too distant future.
Each reader will probably find a particular area of interest, a n d for m y
part, I was extremely interested in the section on Forensic Photogrammetry.
As one who has taken photographs of m a n y marine accidents in what
seemed to me a reasonably methodical fashion, I was intrigued to find a
whole new science to replace the somewhat a d h o c approach which I had
adopted hitherto.
The section on writing an expert's report was perhaps the one with
which I felt least sympathy, partly because I did not agree with some of
the author's views a n d partly because the case study chosen as a typical
example in forensic work, was more of a troubleshooting investigation in
an ongoing situation than a reconstructive exercise to determine the
cause of a failure or accident.
I found m a n y of the case histories of interest because at least some
parts of the stories s o u n d e d familiar, the scene might be a factory rather
than a ship or offshore structure, but the same h u m a n or m e c h a n i c a l
problems were present. Of particular interest, perhaps because of the
a m o u n t of detail, is an account of the investigation of an aircraft accident
which occurred in J a n u a r y 1982, w h e n a Boeing 737 o f Air Florida struck
a bridge a n d several vehicles on it whilst taking off from Washington
National Airport before coming to rest in the River Potomac. Other cases
ranged from structural collapse of buildings, through fires of various
types to road accidents caused by m e c h a n i c a l defects.
In summary, this is a book which would be a useful addition to the
library of any organisation which regularly undertakes forensic
engineering investigations. Somewhere in its pages everyone is likely to
find a lesson to learn which will stand t h e m in good stead on a future
occasion. It is also a book which I w o u l d r e c o m m e n d to any design
engineer who feels infallible, there are plenty of reminders of the ease
with which operators and designers can m a k e mistakes!

R. Reid

Seakeeping Ship Behaviour in Rough Weather. By A. R. J. M. Lloyd. Ellis

Horwood, Chichester, 1989. 486 pp. Price: £69.59. ISBN 0 7458 0230 3.
 Book Reviews 175

This is one of two books in the new Ellis Horwood series on marine
technology. It will be welcomed for its orderly, dear, careful and
commendably error free exposition of the subject, and its coverage of all
the essential aspects in some detail. The text concentrates on rigid body
strip theory response to regular and random waves and is backed up
wherever possible by practical implications, for example, for design and
operation. Indeed, insofar as seakeeping can be brought into the design
process, Dr Adrian Lloyd has succeeded far better than most researchers
ever do. Practitioners will therefore find value in the book, as well as
students, even though there are very few worked examples. Researchers
will also find value in the book, but the specialist may quibble over the
neglect of some key references as this review will show.
The contents and treatment are comprehensive in covering both the
complex theoretical aspects of the subject and also the professional
implications and interpretations for practical design and operation. The
24 chapters are: Seakeeping; Fluid Dynamics; Regular Waves; Ocean
Waves; Ocean Wave Statistics; The Spring-Mass System; Heading and
Encounter Frequency; Basic Equations for Ship Motions in Regular
Waves; Strip Theory; Hydrostatic Coefficients; Local Hydrodynamic
Properties; Roll Damping; Ship Motions in Regular Waves; Ship Motions
in Irregular Waves; Seakeeping Trials; Model Testing; Probability
Formulae; Roll Stabilisation; Added Resistance and Involuntary Speed
Loss in Waves; Slamming, Deck Wetness and Propeller Emergence;
Effects of Ship Motions on Passengers and Crew; Seakeeping Criteria
and Voluntary Speed Loss in Rough Weather; Operational Effectiveness;
The Effect of Hull Size and Form on Seakeeping. International System
of Units are used throughout, and a helpful feature of the book is that
appropriate units are provided for every equation quoted.
The book, of course, is mainly aimed at hydrodynamicist students and
practitioners. But dynamics is often where the two disciplines of
hydrodynamics and structural response are brought together. Accepting
therefore that the book is limited to the rigid body dynamics of the ship
(and does not even mention hydroelasticity and Bishop and Price) there
is nevertheless much of interest and value also to the 'structures'
fraternity. In particular, the careful and clear development of linear strip
theory response to regular and irregular seas is very good in spite of there
being no worked example to illustrate the complex procedure. It has
surprised the reviewer for some time that, whereas heave and pitch
motion predictions derived from ship theory using point spectra wave
data, always seem to show very good agreement with measured motions
(generally within 10%), in contrast the hull vertical bending moments
and strains predicted from the Same strip theory and excitation forces
176 Book Reviews

consistently overpredict the measured values, often by some 20-30%.

Perhaps those who are reading this review will address this apparent
paradox!
It is perhaps in slamming response that the book will most disappoint
the structural fraternity. Although the sections on relative bow movement
and probability of occurrence are well handled (including wave 'swell
up' effects for deck wetness, etc.), the analysis is limited to Ochi's classic
critical velocity approach (1964) linked to the Wagner type equation
(1932) for bottom impact pressures for any given deadrise angle. The
pressures are surprisingly well supported by drop test results from Japan
(Hagiwara et al.), and from the USA (Chuang et al.). These remarks are
not in any way, of course, a criticism of the Ochi method, which is used by
many. But there has been more recent work which includes the
important effects of momentum transfer and ship flexibility, for
example, by Belik et al. and others, which could at least have been
referenced for the serious reader. Also, modelling uncertainties for
probability predictions are not mentioned. However, these are not major
criticisms, and the book should certainly be welcomed by the structural
load analysts and by our readers generally.
In summary, the comprehensive and professional coverage, including
as it does up-to-date research information and findings in the context of
practical usefulness, must surely ensure the book's place as the standard
text for the practising naval architect. At £69.95 the price may be too high
for most students, but hopefully a softback edition will become available.
It is also to be hoped that in due course the author will be encouraged to
revise the text in the light of the book's reviews and later work. It is
strongly recommended.

D. Faulkner