Triangular Factorization

Example
Week 2
Find the voltages for the four bus system whose nodal admittance equations are given, by using
successive elimination.

−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝑉1 0

𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝑉2 0
=
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟖 𝟎 𝑉3 1 < −90°
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝟎 −𝒋𝟖. 𝟑 𝑉4 0.68 < −135°

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 0 Multiply by 𝑌21 , 𝑌31 and 𝑌41
𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝑉2 0 And subract from eq 2,3 and 4
=
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟖 𝟎 𝑉3 1 < −90° respectively.
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝟎 −𝒋𝟖. 𝟑 𝑉4 0.68 < −135°

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 0

𝟎 −𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟔 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟔. 𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝑉2 0
=
𝟎 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟑 𝑉3 1 < −90°
𝟎 𝒋𝟔. 𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟑 −𝒋𝟕. 𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝑉4 0.68 < −135°
𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 0
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝑉2 0 (1) (1)
= Multiply by 𝑌32 and 𝑌42
𝟎 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟑 𝑉3 1 < −90°
𝟎 𝒋𝟔. 𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟑 −𝒋𝟕. 𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝑉4
And subtract from eq 3 and 4
0.68 < −135°
respectively.

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 0

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝑉2 0
=
𝟎 𝟎 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝑉3 1 < −90°
𝟎 𝟎 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝑉4 0.68 < −135°

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 0

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝑉2 0
= (2)
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑 𝑉3 0.26434 < 0° Multiply by 𝑌43
𝟎 𝟎 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝑉4 0.68 < −135° And subtract from eq 4
respectively.

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 0

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝑉2 0
=
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑 𝑉3 0.26434 < 0°
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝒋𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟐 𝑉4 1.35738 < −110.7466°
𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 0
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝑉2 0
=
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑 𝑉3 0.26434 < 0°
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝒋𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟐 𝑉4 1.35738 < −110.7466°
 −𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓
𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝟎 −𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟔 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟔. 𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑
𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 = 𝑌𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 1 =
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟖 𝟎 𝟎 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟑
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝟎 −𝒋𝟖. 𝟑 𝟎 𝒋𝟔. 𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟑 −𝒋𝟕. 𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟔

−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 . 𝟎 𝟎
𝐿1 =
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 . . 𝟎
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 . . .

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓

𝟎 . . .
𝑈1 =
𝟎 𝟎 . .
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 .
 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓
𝟎 −𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟒𝟔 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟔. 𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔
𝑌𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 1 = 𝑌𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 2 =
𝟎 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓
𝟎 𝒋𝟔. 𝟕𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟑 −𝒋𝟕. 𝟗𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝟎 𝟎 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓

−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔 𝟎 𝟎
𝐿2 =
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 . 𝟎
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 . .

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔
𝑈2 =
𝟎 𝟎 . .
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 .
 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔
𝑌𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 2 = 𝑌𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 3 =
𝟎 𝟎 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑
𝟎 𝟎 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝒋𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟐

−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔 𝟎 𝟎
𝐿3 =
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝟎
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 .

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔
𝑈3 =
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 .
 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔
𝑌𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 3 = 𝑌𝑢𝑝𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 4 =
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝒋𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟐 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏

−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔 𝟎 𝟎
𝐿4 =
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝟎
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 −𝒋𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟐

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔
𝑈4 =
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
Using the triangular factors of Ybus, determine the bus voltages when the current source at bus 4 is changed to
𝐼4 = 0.6 < −120° per unit. All other conditions are unchanged.
These are the Nodal Admittance Equations of the original system.
−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝑉1 0
𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝑉2 0
=
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟖 𝟎 𝑉3 1 < −90°
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝟎 −𝒋𝟖. 𝟑 𝑉4 0.68 < −135°

The updated equations are:

−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝑉1 0

𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝑉2 0
=
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟖 𝟎 𝑉3 1 < −90°
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝟎 −𝒋𝟖. 𝟑 𝑉4 0.6 < −120°

𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 𝑉 = 𝐼
𝐿𝑈𝑉 = 𝐼
𝐿𝑉 ′ = 𝐼
−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝑉1′ 0
′
𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟔 𝟎 𝟎 𝑉2 0
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟒. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 −𝒋𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 𝟎 ′ =
𝑉3 1 < −90°
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒋𝟐. 𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟓 −𝒋𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟐 𝑉4′ 0.6 < −120°
By forward substitution:
𝑉1′ = 0
𝑉2′ = 0

1 < −90°
𝑉3′ = = 0.26434
3.78305 < −90°

0.6 < −120° − (𝑗2.98305)𝑉3′

𝑉4′ = = 0.938 < −12.9163°
−𝑗1.243082

U𝑉 = 𝑉 ′
𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 𝑉1′
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝑉2 𝑉2′
= ′
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑 𝑉3 𝑉3
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝑉4 𝑉4′

𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟗 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 −𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑉1 0

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟒 −𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝑉2 0
=
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟑 𝑉3 0.26434
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝑉4 0.938 < −12.9163°

By backward substitution:

𝑉4 = 0.938 < −12.9163°

𝑉3 = 0.26434 − −0.78853 𝑉4 = 0.99904 < −9.5257°
𝑉2 = 0.96118 < −11.5551°
𝑉1 = 0.96324 < −11.4388°