Kron Reduction

• Current injection is zero at several buses in the system. Which buses?

• Not necessary to calculate voltages explicitly.
• Such nodes can be eliminated.
• KRON reduction is applied for eliminating nodes from a network
when the current at that node is zero.
• It is used to eliminate a desired node with out repeating the steps of
Gaussian Elimination.
 𝑌11 𝑌12 𝑌13 𝑌14 𝑉1 𝐼1
𝑌21 𝑌22 𝑌23 𝑌24 𝑉2 𝐼
= 2
𝑌31 𝑌32 𝑌33 𝑌34 𝑉3 𝐼3
𝑌41 𝑌42 𝑌43 𝑌44 𝑉4 𝐼4

Let 𝐼1 =0

𝑌11 𝑌12 𝑌13 𝑌14 𝑉1 0

𝑌21 𝑌22 𝑌23 𝑌24 𝑉2 𝐼
= 2
𝑌31 𝑌32 𝑌33 𝑌34 𝑉3 𝐼3
𝑌41 𝑌42 𝑌43 𝑌44 𝑉4 𝐼4

If we eliminate node 1 then the system is reduced to a 3x3 system as below.

(1) (1) (1)

𝑌22 𝑌23 𝑌24 𝑉2 𝐼2
(1) (1) (1)
𝑌32 𝑌33 𝑌34 𝑉3 = 𝐼3
(1) (1) (1) 𝑉4 𝐼4
𝑌42 𝑌43 𝑌44
A system can be Kron reduced without having to rearrange equations. For example if 𝐼𝑃 = 0 in
the nodal equation of N bus system, we can directly calculate the elements of the new reduced
bus admittance matrix by selecting 𝑌𝑝𝑝 as the pivot element and by eliminating bus p by using
the following formula

𝑌𝑗𝑝 𝑌𝑝𝑘
𝑌𝑗𝑘(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 𝑌𝑗𝑘 −
𝑌𝑝𝑝

Row p and column p are eliminated and the matrix is reduced.

 Consider the nodal equations of the 4 bus system. Using Y22 as the pivot element eliminate node 2 and
the corresponding voltage 𝑉2 from the 4x4 system.

−𝒋𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝑉1 0

𝒋𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 −𝒋𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝑉2 0
=
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 −𝒋𝟓. 𝟖 𝟎 𝑉3 1 < −90°
𝒋𝟐. 𝟓 𝒋𝟓 𝟎 −𝒋𝟖. 𝟑 𝑉4 0.68 < −135°

𝑌12 𝑌21 𝑗11.75 𝑗11.75

𝑌11(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 𝑌11 − = −𝑗16.75 − = −𝑗9.57792
𝑌22 −𝑗19.25
𝑌12 𝑌23 𝑗11.75 𝑗2.5
𝑌13(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 𝑌13 − = 𝑗2.5 − = 𝑗4.02597
𝑌22 −𝑗19.25

𝑌12 𝑌42 𝑗11.75 𝑗2.5

𝑌14(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 𝑌14 − = 𝑗2.5 − =j5.55195
𝑌22 −𝑗19.25

𝑌𝑗𝑝 𝑌𝑝𝑘
𝑌𝑗𝑘(𝑛𝑒𝑤) = 𝑌𝑗𝑘 −
𝑌𝑝𝑝
−𝑗9.57791 𝑗4.02597 𝑗5.55195 𝑉1 0
𝑗4.02597 −𝑗5.47532 𝑗0.64935 𝑉3 = 1 < −90°
𝑗5.55195 𝑗0.64935 −𝑗7.00130 𝑉4 0.68 < −135°