1. EXPERIMENTAL. PROCEDURE 1. The air track will be assembled ang lev Please do not attempt any adjustm, eled by the lal the instructor for assistancs borat ci MNS ofthe ar track ‘Ory technician, You have trouble, ask supply is not turned on, Description of the buttons on the timer START: it starts the timer manually STOP: sit stops the timer manually RESET: it resets the timer before starting a new count SELECT: it allows to see the Partial times Ar A. Elastic collision against a fixed barrier When one of the Objects (the second one) is a fixed barrier, we may consider the mass of the first body Degligible when compared to that of the second. In this case we have: 3. ¥ will bounce back with the same speed. 1. Place a sensor, ennecied to the S socket, about 75 cm away from the end of =, 1 that is, the first body the track. Place another sensor at a distance of 125 cm, connected to the S; socket (Figure 6-1) es Apply a very small force Figure 6-1; Collision Cart 1 against a fixed barrier 2. Activate the compressor and place the cart on it along with a 10 mm foil between the sensors. Give a slight pulse to the cart towards the end track. , Afier the cart has passed both sensors, push the STOP button. Record the instantaneous time Al; and Af. Calculate the instantaneous velocity (v) and i =i Record the rebound coefficient (7), where v=ay/alin cm/s and r=P your data in table 6-1 4. Change the mass of the cart and repeat step 3 2 (ayB. Elastic colli ee > __Titieeg ————— a Ate (5) | oy (emys) ‘sion between two carts | 1 . Set up the “quipment as shown in figure 6-2. x, 1 nw 3. Turn the spe! ro n tf Figure 6-2: Elastic collision - Setup Activate the contpressor and place the cart (nna) on it along with a 10 mm foil between the sensors. Give a slight pulse to the cart towards the end track. in the linear air track. Hold cart (mz) at rest in a designated sensors until the cart (mm) is in motion. 4. Push the cart (m1) against the cart (mz). Record the instantaneous time At and Als. Calculate the instantaneous velocities (v1 and v') 5, Calculate the velocity (v's) using Eq, (6-2). Record your data in table 6-2 6. Change the masses of carts (mm and nn) and repeat steps 3 and 4. 7. Is the collision elastic? Explain r~ Table 6-2 : - ] , , my(g) | m2(g) Ati(s) | vi(em/s) |) “Ata(s) | va(enys) | v's femys) | | — | a: - { 100 | 100 | | a 125 | 100 | [ — - | 150/100 | woes | = (100 123 ! - | 100150 Le _NS), the carts do hn von 0) type of coffe: ! SeParat ineace ee Only th ¥ iter the Collision, the Jatu he sec, entum i latter is called inelastic. In such conserved . In suc ‘Ond cart i. v a After the Collision ‘i 1S at rest, the s 'ystem's Momentum bef mentum is (mm +m) v ". ™% =(m,4m,)v, fore the collision is nn (65) ) Before Collision b) After Collision Figure 6-3: Elastic collision 2. Turn the air on in the linear air track. Hold cart (ima) at rest in a designated spot between the sensors until the cart (1m) is in motion. rt (4) against the cart (m2). Record the instantaneous time At; and A‘. Caleulete the instantaneous velocity (v1 and vy) where v= Ax/At. 4. Chanje in masses of carts and record your data in table 6-3. Table 6-3 Before the collision —_| After the collision m; [ne |Sb| vi jmomentum| Ki vy fmomentum) Ky | Atr(s) \ (e) | (a) | (5) | (envs) | (gems) | (erg) | | (ers) | (gems) | (ere Froo/300) “poo (435 100° a0 | _ | {100 | 150 / | | | erg = 1 dyne. 1 cm = 105 N 10? m=107J 5. Is the collision elastic? Why? Cunor (2) (4)PHYSICS LAB EXPERIMENT NA® ) COLLISIONS (CONSERVATION OF Momentum) | Las Rerort Date: Partner's Name: : Registration No: Name; | \ Instructor's Name: Registration No: Physics Section: I. Purpose: To analyze the change in momentum of a system by three methods: elastic collision against « fixed barrier, elastic collision between two objects and inelastic collision. Tl. THEORY When two objects, here we use carts, collide and there is no external force acting upon (hem (or, equivalently, when the resultant of external forces is zero), the vector sum of their momentum, j= mi, is always conserved. This means that the tolal momentum after the collision (7+; ) is the same as that before the collision (BrP ds x PitPa = Bi +Ps (1) or m, B40 46-2) ¢ carts' velocities before the collision, #, and # in, and m) and mz are the carts' masses, If no extra external force is applied, then the total energy (the sum of the kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (U)) is conserved as well. If the objects move along the horizontal, the potential energy does not change and consequently, only mi, 8 +m. where, respectively, 7, and , ere are their velocities after the colli the kineti- energy, KE = ; m, v? plays a ole. Therefore, DIKE) ctecctsons = 2 KElarrstiins Zn 0} Lamy = my of? +2 mo (63) In other words, the ratio of the total kinetic energies after collision to that before collision is equal to ON: (KE) seisccotisions = (KE} shercatisicns’ The. conservation: cf mechanical energy is satisfied only by perfectly elastic collisions. (KE) sesso 3 =1 (6-4) KE, elorecollisions e I], EQUIPMENT Air track and Carts. Lass, fat fa)