Introduction to Internet of Things

SHEELA N RAO
ASST. PROF. DEPT. OF E&I
JSS STU (SJCE), MYSURU
 IoT Enabling Technologies 2

WirelessSensor Network (WSN)

Cloud Computing
Big Data Analytics
Embedded Systems

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 WSN 3

 Distributed Devices with sensors used to monitor the

environmental and physical conditions
 Consists of
 Several end-nodes acting as routers or coordinators too
 Coordinators collects data from all nodes / acts as gateway
that connects WSN to internet
 Routers route the data packets from end nodes to
coordinators.

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 Cloud Computing 4

 Deliver applications and services over internet

 Provides computing, networking and storage resources on
demand
 Cloud computing performs services such as Iaas, Paas and Saas

 Iaas (Infrastructure-as-a-Service):
 Rent Infrastructure,
 User can start, stop, configure and manage the virtual
machine instances and storage
 User can deploy operating system
 User is billed based on pay-as-per-use

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 5

 Paas (Platform-as-a-Service):
 Provides user to develop and deploy application on the cloud.
 Supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing,
delivering and managing software applications.

 Saas (Software-as-a-Service ):
 Method for delivering software applications over the Internet,
on demand and typically on a subscription basis.

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 Big Data Analytics 6

 Collection of data whose volume, velocity or variety is too large and

difficult to store, manage, process and analyze the data using
traditional databases.

 It involves data cleansing, processing and visualization

 Lots of data is being collected and warehoused

 Text data
 Images and Videos
 Online Shopping
 e-commerce
 Social Network
 Military Applications
 Medical Data

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 Characteristics of Big Data 7

 Volume  Value
 Refers to the amount of data  Information derived by processing
 Terabyte (1012) Zettabyte (1021) and analysing the data
 No fixed threshold  Veracity
 Massive scale data  Trustworthiness of data
 Difficult to store, manage and process  Authenticity
 Growing exponentially  Accountability
 Velocity  Availability
 Refers to speed and how frequently
data is processed
 Batch ,Real-time, STreams
 Increasing day by day
 Variety
 Refers to different types of data
 Structured, Unstructured, Semi-
Structured
 Text data, Image, Audio, Video, Sensor
data etc.

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 IoT Level-1 8

 Has a single node/device that

 performs sensing and/or
actuation,
 stores data locally,
 performs analysis locally
 hosts the application.
 Cloud – Not used
 Suitable for modelling
 low-cost and low-complexity
solutions
 data involved is not big and
 analysis requirements are not
computationally intensive.
 Eg: Home Automation

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 Level 1 Eg: Home Automation 9

 Single node
 Allows controlling of lights
and home appliances
 Database
 Status of each appliance
is stored in local database
 Controller
 monitors the status of
each appliance
 Triggers relay switches as
required
 User interface provided
 Manual control
 Devices/Appliances
connected to internet for
remote operation

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 IoT Level-2 10

 Has a single node that

 performs sensing and/or
actuation and local analysis.
 analysis is carried out locally.
 Cloud
 used for only storage purpose.
 Cloud based application
 Suitable for solutions
 Data involved is big
 primary analysis requirement is
not computationally intensive
and can be done locally.
 Eg: Agriculture and Irrigation
Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru
 Level 2 Eg: Irrigation System 11
 Single node
 Monitors soil moisture level
 Controls irrigation system
 Device
 Collects soil moisture data from
sensor.
 Controller
 Continuously monitors the
moisture level
 If the level is below a threshold
solenoid valve will be turned on.
 Sends soil moisture info to the
computing cloud
 Cloud – Based REST web service is
used for storing and retrieving
moisture data from the cloud
database.
 Cloud based application is used for
Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru
visualizing the moisture levels over a
period of time.
 IoT Level-3 12

 Has a single node.

 Cloud
 Data stored
 Data analysis is done in the
cloud
 application is cloud-based.
 suitable for solutions
 data involved is big
 analysis requirements are
computationally intensive.
 Frequency of data sensing is
fast
 Eg: Package Tracking

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 Level 3 Eg: Package Tracking 13

 Single node
 Monitors vibration level of each
package being shipped
 Device
 Uses accelerometer/gyroscope for
monitoring vibration levels
 Controller
 Send sensor data to the cloud in
real time
 Uses WebSocket
 Cloud
 Data stored and visualized
 Analysis is done in the cloud
 Sends alert if vibration is greater
than a threshold.
 WebSocket – Supports real-time
 Cloud base application
 To Subscribe to sensor data
Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru
 IoT Level-4 14

 Has multiple nodes that perform

local analysis.
 Cloud
 Data is stored in the cloud and
 Application is cloud-based.
 Contains local and cloud-based
observer nodes which can
subscribe to and receive
information collected in the
cloud from IoT devices.
 Suitable for solutions
 multiple nodes are required,
 Data involved is big
 Analysis requirements are
computationally intensive.
 Eg: Noise Monitoring

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 IoT Level-4 Eg: Noise Monitoring 15

 Multiple nodes
 placed in different locations
 Each node equipped with sound
sensors
 Each node independent of each
other
 Controller
 Each node has its own controller
 Sends data to cloud
 Cloud
 Data is stored in the cloud and
 Analysis of data collected from
different nodes.
 Cloud based application for
visualization of data
Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru
 IoT Level-5 16

 Has multiple end nodes and one

coordinator node.
 The end nodes
 perform sensing and/or actuation.
 The coordinator node
 collects data from the end nodes
and sends it to the cloud.
 Cloud
 Data stored
 Data analysis is done in the cloud
 application is cloud-based.
 Suitable for solutions
 based on wireless sensor networks
 Data involved is big
 Analysis requirements are
computationally intensive.
 Eg: Forest Fire Detection
Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru
 Level 5 Eg: Forest Fire Detection 17
 Multiple nodes
 placed in different locations
 Monitors Temperature, Humidity
and Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 end nodes have sensors
 Coordinator node
 Collects data from end nodes
 Acts as Gateway
 Provides internet connectivity
 Controller
 Collects data from coordinator
node and sends data to cloud
 Cloud
 Data is stored in the cloud and
 Analysis of data
 Aggregate data and predict
 Cloud based application for
Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru visualization of data
 IoT Level-6 18

 Has multiple independent end nodes

 perform sensing and/or actuation
and send data to the cloud.
 Cloud
 Data stored
 Data analysis is done in the cloud
 application is cloud-based.
 The analytics component analyzes
the data and stores the results in the
cloud database.
 The results are visualized with the
cloud-based application.
 The centralized controller is aware of
the status of all the end nodes and
sends control commands to the
nodes.
 Eg: Weather Monitoring

Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru

 IoT Level-6 19
 Multiple nodes
 placed in different locations
 Monitors Temperature, Humidity
Pressure
 end nodes have sensors
 Sends data to cloud in real – time
 Uses WebSocket Services
 Coordinator node
 Collects data from end nodes
 Acts as Gateway
 Provides internet connectivity
 Controller
 Collects data from coordinator node
and sends data to cloud
 Cloud
 Data is stored in the cloud and
 Analysis of data
 Aggregate data and predict
Sheela N Rao, Asst.Prof., Dept of EI, SJCE, JSSSTU, Mysuru  Cloud based application for
visualization of data