GRANCOLOMBIAN POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY INSTITUTION

CULTURAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMY OF ASIA

STUDY OF POSSIBILITIES OF COLOMBIAN TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH ASIAN COUNTRIES.

HERNANDO CASTRO ORTIZ CODIGO: 1711026377

JENNY MARCIALY MARTINEZ CORDOBA  CODIGO: 1120012042

SANDRA MILENA REYES PORRAS CODIGO: 1621022049

INGRID TATIANA SANTA YONDAPIZ CODIGO: 1110012555

JENNY TATIANA SALCEDO RODRIGUEZ CODIGO: 1521021719

JENNY PAOLA CUTIVA BENITEZ CODIGO: 1611023268

BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA

2020
 INTRODUCCION.

There is now a great cultural, economic, political, social and educational integration and interdependence that leads nations to create

new mechanisms or tools to be able to compete with all other countries within this globalized system and that will therefore allow

them to increase their possibilities for improving the situation in which they are currently and thus achieve a better quality of life for

their inhabitants.

Obviously this improvement will initially be observed at the macroeconomic level, but appropriate mechanisms must be sought to be

given in the short term at the macroeconomic level, to bring employment rates lowered in the living standards of populations to

improve and the consumption power of nations to grow

This work reflects on the economic blocks of Asia and their effects, as well as the commercial possibilities that could be found with

Colombia.
Country Malaysia Indonesia Thailand Philippines
 Flag

Capital Kuala Lumpur Jakarta Bangkok Manila

Currency Ringgit Malasio Rupiah Indonesia Baht Philippine peso

Tailandés
Language It is a country in Their official language is Thai or Siamese is the Filipino (based on Tagalog) and
which its official modified from Malay by national and official English are official languages. In
language is Bahasa what is known as Bahasa language of Thailand and addition, there are a hundred ethnic-
Malaysia but you Indonesia, they also speak the mother tongue of the linguistic groups all belonging to the
can also find people English and Dutch. Thai ethnic group, the Malay-Polynesian family, not
who speak English, dominant one in Thailand. intelligible to each other, 12 of the
Chinese, Thai, It is a Tai language of the which are important in number (more
Tamil, Telugu, Tai-Kadai language than 1 million inhabitants).
Malayalam, among family.
others.
Population According to the According to the United According to the United  The last census carried out by the
Department of Nations Department of Nations Department of National Statistical Office of the
Statistics Malaysia Economic and Social Economic and Social Philippines (PSO) in 2015 collected a
for 2019 the Affairs, for 2019 the Affairs, by 2020 the population of 100,981,437 inhabitants.
population is population of Indonesia is population of Thailand is It is the 9th most populous country in
32,767,153 269,349,518, with a 69,236,642 with a growth Asia and the 12th of the world
growth rate of 1.28% rate of 0.38%.
Religión In Malaysia we find According to the Pew The most widespread Non-denominational state. 80% of the
several religions Research Center. The religion is Buddhism, population professes religion catholic
being the most Global Religious which 94% of the 5% the Muslim, 3% evangelical and
prominent: Muslim Landscape, in Indonesia population. There is a 3% belong to the Philippine church
(61.3%) Buddhist Islam prevails (87.2%), Muslim minority with Iglesia ni Cristo
(19.8%), then Christianity (5%) and a Christian
 Christianity (9.2%), (9.9%),Hinduism (1.7%), community of one million
Hindu (6.3%) and Buddhism (0.7%) people, of which about
300,000 they are catholic.
Form According to the According to the World Thailand is an institutional Under the current 1987 Constitution,
of World Factbook, Factbook, the government monarchy. The Head of the Philippines is a unitary territory, a
Government the type of is the Presidential the State and Commander- democratic republic with a presidential
government that Republic in-Chief of the Armed system likeness of the united states.
operates there is the Forces is, since 1
federal December 2017 King
parliamentary Maha Vajiralongkorn
constitutional Bodindradebayavarangkun
monarchy. , tenth king of chakri
dynasty.
GDP According to According to official data Thailand's gross domestic The GDP of the Philippines in 2018
CaixaBank, for the from the World Bank in product in 2018 has grown has grown by 6.2% compared to 2017.
year 2019, 2019, the gross domestic by 4.2% compared to This is a rate 5 tenths lower than that
Malaysia closed product was 1,126 billion 2017. This is a rate 1 tenth of that year, when it was 6.7%.
with a GDP of 365 dollars, representing higher than that of 2017,
billion, representing 0.93% of the world which was 4.1
0.7% of world GDP economy.

Unemployment According to the The data released by the Source: CIA World The average value for the Philippines
rate Department of World Bank Factbook unemployment during that period was 3.46 percent
Statistics Malaysia corresponding to for 2018 was 0.7% and for with a minimum of 2.15 percent in
for May 8, 2020 the unemployment in 2016 it was 0.8%. 2019 and a maximum of 4.05 percent
unemployment rate Indonesia for 2019 stands in 2006.
stood at 3.9% at 4.7%
Poverty index According to the According to Minister Population below the The MPI is calculated by multiplying
UN for 2019 the Muhadjir Effendy, 45% poverty 7.2% , National the deprivation rate (the proportion of
poverty rate is close of the population does not estimates of the percentage Filipinos identified as
to 9%, which reach economic security of the population falling multidimensional poor).
indicates that the below the poverty line are
family nuclei based on subgroup
survive with less surveys, and the results are
than 2,000 ringgits weighted by the number of
people in each group.
Índex Doing According to the According to the World Thailand is in 27th place The Philippines is not a conducive
Business World Bank, Bank, the ease of doing in the "Doing Business" of place for doing business.
Malaysia is ranked business index in 2019 the 190 that make up this
12th best country in Indonesia ranked 73 out ranking, which classifies
the world out of of 190 economies. countries according to the
190. ease they offer to do
business.

Specialization patterns

 These four countries make up the so-called "second generation tigers", due to their late start to industrialization.

 The field of manufacturing is a common factor among these, for the spirit of industrialization, all decided to bet on it.

 They are linguistically and ethnically diverse, thanks to important influences from China and India.

 The Philippines and Indonesia were severely affected, this due to harsh dictatorships, led by Ferdinand Marcos and Suharto,

respectively.
  Important actors in the crisis of the international monetary fund. Which began with the devaluation of the Thai currency,

preceded by that of Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

 ASEAN countries in 2016, has boosted these efforts. Because the ratification is quite recent, each country’s implementation of

the commitment remains a challenge and needs to be examined in the near future.

 Indonesia Green finance: The financial sector plays an important role in managing environmental risks as Indonesia works to

fulfil its commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental targets.

 The Bank of Indonesia follows an expansionary policy so that the country can continue to grow with the strength and rhythm of

recent years.

 ASEAN is the fifth largest economy in the world, and with hundreds of millions of young people eager to join the digital

revolution, there is no better time to close the digital divide. The future of the region depends on it.

Indicator Malasya Indonesia Tailandia Filipinas

% Analysis % Analysis % Analysis % Analysis
PBI $365 In the coming 3 Indonesia's 4,2 The secondary sector 6,2 The best pace of
2020 billion years, growth will gross domestic is involved with 30% growth is due, in
(0.7% of from 4.5% to fall product in the of GDP. The main essence, to higher
global to an area of just first quarter of industries are public spending and an
GDP) over 4%. The main 2020 fell by electronics, steel and increase in household
factor that will -0.7% from the automotive. Thailand consumption
slow down exports fourth quarter of is an assembly center (representing 70% of
of electronics (it is 2019. This rate for international GDP) caused by lower
the main product is 19 tenths automotive brands. expected inflation, as
exported and its lower than the The production of well as higher
 two main markets previous electrical remittances of migrants
are China and the quarter, when it components and and an uptick in
US), affected by was 1.2%. The appliances, as well as employment.
protectionist year-on-year computers, cement,
tensions and less change in GDP furniture and plastic
vigorous global was 3%, 19 products, are also
demand. However, tenths lower important
the dynamism of than in the sectors.The tertiary
private fourth quarter of sector is equivalent
consumption will 2019, when it to 60% of GDP and
sustain domestic was 4.9%. includes financial
demand and will services and tourism.
make part of the Tourism has gained
export slowdown importance as a
in electronics. currency generator.
Inflation 3.8 In 2020 and 2021, 2,7 The annual CPI 0.7 The inflation rate in 6,2 The Economist
2020 inflation will variation rate in Thailand has ranged Intelligence Unit (EIU)
rebound although Indonesia was from -0.9% to 19.7% forecasts indicate the
it will continue to 2.7%, 3 tenths in the last 40 years. continuity of this strong
be below the lower than the An inflation rate of growth rate in the
historical average. previous month. 0.7% has been coming years (6.2% on
The reasons for the The monthly calculated for 2019. average for the period
upturn are the variation in the During the 2018-2022).Private
impact of the new CPI (Consumer observation period consumption and
consumption tax Price Index) was from 1979 to 2019, remittances of the large
and the removal of 0.3%, so the the average inflation Philippine population
ceilings on fuel cumulative rate was 4.0% per abroad will remain the
prices. However, inflation in 2019 year. Overall, the engines of economic
the stabilization of is 2.7%. It price increase was growth, although
oil prices and the should be noted 360.04%. An item consumption is
measures the 0.8% costing 100 Baht in expected to be
envisaged to increase in the 1979 was calculated moderated by rising
contain the rise in prices of Food at 460.04 Baht in inflation and up interest
 salyer prices will and non- early 2020.Only in a rates.Boosting public
keep inflation at alcoholic few countries investment from the
moderate levels beverages, to the negative inflation government's ambitious
year-on-year rates are infrastructure campaign
rate of 4.3%, achieved.This means is also aimed at another
which contrasts that the overall price growth factor. Exports
with the level is declining and of goods and services
decrease in consumer prices are are also expected to
Teaching prices cheaper. This case is continue to grow
of -0.1%, and a called deflation. strongly in the coming
year-on-year Compared to other years.
change 4.3 per countries, drastic
cent, which price increases are no
contrasts with longer on average.
the decrease in This is usually a sign
Teaching prices of political and
of -0.1%, and a economic turmoil.
year-on-year
variation of
3.2%.

Unemploy 3.31 Malaysia continues 5.24 The island that 1.3 According to data 2.1 Of the total occupied
ment to have a shortage brings together 3 from the TNSO 5 population of the
2019 of both skilled and the highest (Thailand National Philippines, more than
unqualified labour concentration of Statistical Office), half work in the
and must rely on labour force is the occupied services sector
immigrants from Java, with the population is (56.8%), 24.1% in the
neighbouring greatest distributed as agricultural sector
countries. Foreign contribution to follows: 32.8% work (although the sector
investors are the agriculture, in the primary sector, only contributes 9.7%
allowed to hire manufacturing 22.5% is employed of GDP, reflecting its
them, but under and commercial in the industry, and low productivity) and
increasingly sectors, 44.7% in the services the remaining 19.1% in
restrictive followed by sector. the industrial sector.
 conditions. There Sumatra,
are very few Sulawesi,
Malaysians who Kalimantan,
have the will to Bali and
find a job do not Papua.In the
succeed.If the sectoral analysis
labour market is of employment
analyzed by sector, distribution, the
agriculture attracts main sector is
much of the the services
foreign labor sector (47.11%),
(palm oil and followed by
rubber agriculture
plantations), as (31.17%), and
does the finally the
electronics industry sector
industry and the (21.72%).
less-paid jobs of
services. There is
currently
discussion of the
need to raise the
level of training of
the local
workforce, the
need to attract
foreign talent.
Interest 2% Comparing the 4,50 Due to the 0,5 During the month of 2,7 One of the lifesavers
rates month of March to % emergence of 0% March 2020 an 5 that the Central Bank
2020 May 2020, Covid-19, the interest rate of 0.75% % of the Philippines has
Malaysia has Bank of was obtained and for sent to counteract the
lowered the Indonesia the month of May it economic effects of the
interest rate by 0.5 lowered the stood at 0.50%, it is Covid pandemic19, is
 points, this allows interest rate possible to show a to reduce interest rates,
it to cushion the twice with a reduction of 0.25 in the month of April
country's total of 25 points, a historical under 0.5 points, this
economic crisis points, this is figure for this will allow it to
that could occur because the country, it is a maintain the country's
due to Covid-19, Bank predicts decision that allows economy, without
this reduction low inflation, in sustaining the However, more
helps to keep the addition to this economy, helping efficient monetary
consumption of it allows the consumers and policies must be
people and stabilization and entrepreneurs to established to
households, with strengthening of obtain and pay counteract the post-
less debt. the rupee, as credits, during the pandemic effects
evidenced by Covid-19 emergency
increasing its
participation in
the Spot market
Consumer 80,80 In Malaysia, the 84,8 In the month of 48, Although for the first 1,2 The survey of
confidence consumer April 2020 the 2 quarter of 2020 and 6 consumer expectation
2020 confidence index consumer the beginning of the in the Philippines is
is carried out on a confidence second quarter carried out to 5,000
sample of 1,200 index fell by 29 consumer confidence households, the last
households. points compared has decreased, but survey that was carried
Perceptions on to the month of for the month of May out in February 2020,
financial March, it is a an improvement of 1 consumers were
situations, historical figure point is evident with optimistic but less
employment and since 2008, this respect to the month confident with the
purchase reduction is due of April, these economic conditions
expectations in to the restrictive indicators have that the country is
consumer goods measures undoubtedly facing by Covid-19,
are surveyed, for imposed by the decreased due to the therefore this indicator
the end of 2019 government to restrictions that have has decreased
this indicator stood prevent the been imposed to marginally.
at 80.80, As this spread of Covid- prevent the spread of
 result is less than 19, therefore, Covid-19.
100%, it can be consumers have
established that stayed at home
confidence is losing
lacking. confidence and
are waiting for
what may or
may not happen.
Balance of (-3.50B) In April 2020, (- In Indonesia the 2.4 For the month of (- The Philippines in
trade Malaysia presented 0.35 trade deficit 6B April 2020, Thailand 0.5 April 2020 marked the
2020 a MYR 3.5 billion B) decreased to registered a trade B) smallest trade deficit, it
trade difficulty, a USD 0.35 surplus of USD 2.46 is an important
result that was not billion in April billion, despite the decrease that arises
evident since the 2020, the Covid- pandemic, exports with the Covid-19,
1997 crisis, this 19 pandemic from this country exports fell by 50.8%,
deficit is due to definitely grew 2.12%, the highlighting
Covid-19, exports affected trade largest shipments manufactured products,
fell by 23.8% worldwide, registered are for coconut oil, machinery
mainly in products, exports fell by agricultural products, and transport
electrical, refined 7.02% food and gold, as equipment, on the other
petroleum , oil compared to the -17.13% fell to hand Imports fell by
palm-based same month last imports, mainly in 65.3%, the most
products and year, the finished goods. affected products are:
imports fell 8%, products with transport equipment,
led by capital the greatest fuel,
goods accessories impact they are telecommunications,
and domestic oil, gas and among others.
consumer goods miners,
meanwhile
imports fell
18.58%,
Competitiv 74.60 Malaysia for 2019 64.6 The result of the 68. Although for 2019, 61, For the end of 2019,
eness Index obtained 74.6 3 competitiveness 11 Thai improved its 87 the Philippines ranked
 2019 points in the index for 2019 competitiveness 64th in the
competitiveness Indonesia index by 0.58 points, competitiveness
index although it ranked 50, it occupies position ranking, declining
shows an worsening 40 in the compared to the
improvement compared to competitiveness previous year, which
compared to 2018 2018, which was ranking, deteriorating was ranked 56th, and if
of 0.22 points, it in position 45, compared to 2018, the result of the
obtained the the result of the which was ranked indicator decreased by
position 27 out of indicator also 38. 0.26 in relation to 2018
141 countries decreased by
analyzed, -0.31 points.
compared to the
previous year it
was ranked 25th,
therefore there is
evidence of a
decline .
Consumpti   All these macro   In consumer   The most important   Consumption has
on trends forces lead to a preferences, this trend in products is helped catapult Spanish
bipolarization of sophistication food and beverage exports, which have
consumption, has been pointed spending, which quadrupled in the last
whereby out, showing represents about 27% ten years. Especially in
consumers will more of total consumer areas such as
have more strength exaggerated spending, and is pharmaceuticals,
and, at the same preferences and estimated to gourmet food, quality
time, demand tastes of fashion, represent close to meat and wine and
premium products food, and more 30% of spending for beverages, fashion, as
and services with e'-extravagant the future. On well as automotive
good value for compared to average, Thai machinery and
money. The what could be households spend components.
consumer of the American and 35% of their total
future is likely to European income on food and
be much more standards since beverages.
 demanding on 40% of its
everything from population is
what he consumes young .
(personalized /
localized /
healthy /
sustainable.
Market   The halal market is   Study on the   It is the largest   Study on the wine
rapidly becoming tourism market floating market in market in the
recognized as a in Indonesia Bangkok and the one Philippines (data 2013–
vitally important (data 2019- that is open every 2018). After presenting
emerging market. 2020). After day, perhaps for this the definition and
Safety and quality presenting the reason, which brings characteristics of the
control are the definition and together numerous sector, it analyzes the
reasons for halal characteristics foreigners in search supply and demand, as
products being of the sector, it of the most authentic well as the prices and
widely recognized. analyzes the photographic stamp. perception of the
There is the main supply and Sometimes even a Spanish product.
market for halal demand, as well caravan of boats is
products in Asia as the prices and formed, which is
and the Middle perception of the tremendously fun,
East. There is great Spanish product. however this market
potential for Informs about like so many others
Malaysian distribution was affected by the
companies to channels, pandemic and under
manufacture and prospects and its production 45%.
export certified opportunities in
halal products to the sector.
the world market. Collect practical
information and
other data of
interest.
Coin   The Malaysian   According to the   The Thai baht   The peso (in Philippine
performan Ringgit (also or
ce Malaysian dollar)
has been the
official currency of
the Federation of
Malaysia since
June 1967. The
Ringgit has the
ISO 4217 MYR
code and is
represented by the
symbol
RM.Ringgit coins
and banknotes are
issued by the
Central Bank of
Malaysia (Bank
Negara Malaysia).
1 MYR 0,234150
USD . The Ringgit
has the ISO 4217
MYR code and is
represented by the
RM symbol.
latest opinion remains a safe haven and Tagalog floor) is
piece published as it has not been the official currency of
by Bloomberg significantly affected the Philippines. It is
on Monday, the by the worsening divided into 100 cents
Indonesian trade war, as if it has (in Filipino and
rupiah is likely happened in other Tagalog: sentimo) and
to emerge as emerging markets, its ISO 4217 code is
Asia's "says Jitipol PHP. Before 1967, the
performance Puksamatanan, language used for
currency this strategist at Krung banknotes and coins
year, replacing Thai Bank. 1 THB= was English, and
the Thai baht 0,0321755 USD The therefore the name was
that led the way baht (Thai: บาท, "peso". 1 PHP =
in 2019. symbol: ฿, ISO 4217 0,0198867 USD The
1 IDR= code: THB) is the peso (in Philippine and
0,0000712123 official currency of Tagalog floor) is the
USD The Thailand. official currency of the
official currency Philippines. It is
in Indonesia is divided into 100 cents
the Indonesian (in Filipino and
Rupiah, IDR or Tagalog: sentimo) and
Rp. its ISO 4217 code is
PHP.

MFN 7,24% MFN 17,21%

Coffe Fruits Corn Waste and
Indonesia MFN 5% MFN 13,41%
Live plants scrap Drinks
MFN 11,36% MFN 14,65%
 Apples, pears, etc
Mineral fuels Coffe MFN 1.06% MFN MFN 13.68% MFN
Malaysia Grapes Other
Edible fruit & nuts 0.40% MFN 5.89% 15% MFN 15%
nuts

Natural or cultured pearls

MFN 2.63% MFN Machinery Rubber & MFN 1.11% MFN
Thailand Mineral fuels Iron &
4.20% MFN 3.42% artic Staple fibres 5.03% MFN 6.03%
steel

Chemical products Machinery Clocks &

MFN 2.45% MFN MFN 1.11% MFN
Philippines Pharmaceutical products Watches Electrical
4.06% MFN 6.58% 5.04% MFN 2.29%
Glass and glassware machinery

INDONESIA

Non-tariff barriers: Indonesia:

• Foreign exchange control: administered by Bank Indonesia and the Ministry of Finance.

• Import licences: compulsory possession of an exporter's licence (prohibition of import of second hand products).

• Exceptions: some agricultural products can only be imported by designations from the Ministry of Trade.

• Sanitary and phytosanitary provisions: permit from the Ministry of Agriculture, health certificate from the country of origin,

for certain animals, inspection certificate from the Indonesian Veterinary Service.
Indonesian products that have market opportunities in Colombia are textile products, footwear, stainless steel, chemical products,

rubber products and derivatives, furniture products, crafts and home decoration, products and derivatives of palm oil, paper, glass,

ceramics , building materials, sports equipment, plastic products and other packaging products, product accessories, children's books,

fresh fruits and vegetables, mining equipment, agricultural products, and automotive products.

MALASYA

TARIFF BARRIES

Tariff protection in Malaysia that can reach the 55%: wine and cava. Also noteworthy is the sugar confectionery (Chupa-Chups) with a

20% tariff.

Malaysia's tariff is based on the Harmonized System. The average rate of customs duty is 25%. A 3% preferential tax is applied to

imported raw materials for the manufacture of goods destined for the domestic market. Companies can be exempt from this tax if they

comply with the new economic policy in terms of equitable participation, management, and employment structure.

Taxes are generally ad valorem on CIF; only a few are specific.

Import documents Commercial invoice: three copies are required.

Certificate of origin: may be required by the importer or letter of credit, in which case they attach two copies certified by a chamber of

commerce.
NON-TARIFF BARRIES

Currency control: Currency control is administered by the Central Bank of Malaysia, which has delegated some of its functions to

commercial banks.

Payments for imports valued up to M $ 10,000 (Malaysian dollars), can be made without any type of restriction.

Import license: the license requirement is applied depending on the nature and origin of the merchandise. Imports of animal skins,

leather, meat and by-products require a specific license.

Sanitary or phytosanitary provisions: imports of some plants and products of plant origin, live animals, and by-products, require a

health certificate.

Shipments of meat and meat products for human consumption require the certification of a competent veterinarian from the exporting

country.

THAILAND

Colombia imports from Thailand was US$322.04 Million during 2018, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on

international trade. Colombia imports from Thailand

Thailand Product exports and imports from Colombia

Value of products imported and exported by Thailand from Colombia along with their product share, Most Favored Nation (MFN)

and effectively applied tariffs (AHS)

Colombia imports from Thailand

• Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers $78.063, 21 $US

• Rubbers $58.129, 04 $US

• Electrical, electronic equipment $38.721, 24 M

• Vehicles other than railway, tramway $30.381, 05 $US

• Manmade staple fibers $22.79M

• Optical, photo, technical, medical apparatus $17.335, 92 $US

Colombian exports from Thailand

• Fine or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals 17,794 $US

• Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous materials; 12,764

• Cast iron, iron and steel 4,451 $US

• Inorganic chemicals; inorganic or organic precious metal compounds of elements 3,735

• Copper and its manufactures 2.91 $US

Requirement of compliance with the international standard of phytosanitary protection

Thailand applies ISPM-15. This measure reduces the risk of introduction and spread of fiftieth anniversary pests related to wood

packaging including stowage wood, made of raw coniferous and non-coniferous wood, used in international trade.

Commercial Shipping

If the value of the merchandise is declared in terms of FOB or CIF sales, a permit must be requested from the Export and Import

Control Division of the Bangkok Ministry of Commerce. • The buyer must apply for an import license from the Bangkok Ministry of

Commerce.

Sample shipments

A currency exchange permit from the Bank of Thailand is required if the value of the imported merchandise exceeds $ 15,417 in CIF

terms.

PHILIPPINES

Colombia's consistently sound economic policies and aggressive promotion of free trade agreements in recent years have bolstered its

ability to face external shocks. Real GDP has grown more than 4% per year for the past three years, continuing almost a decade of

strong economic performance.

Product Exports by Philippines to Colombia 

Value of products exported by Philippines to Colombia along with their export share, world growth in percentage, country growth in

percentage and revealed comparative advantage

Colombia imports from Philippines

 Machines, apparatus and mechanical devices, nuclear reactors, boilers; parts of these machines 15,872 $US

 Clocks and watches and parts thereof 2,057 $US

 Electrical machinery, apparatus and equipment, and their parts; recording or reproducing apparatus 1,810 $US

 Motor vehicles, tractors, velocipeds and other land vehicles, their parts and accessories 1,039 $US

 Edible fruits and nuts; peel of citrus fruits, melons or watermelons 971 $US

Colombian exports from Philippines

 Diverse products of the chemical industries 4,991 $US

 Pharmaceutical products 491 $US

 Glass and glassware 341 $US

 Inorganic chemicals; inorganic or organic precious metal compounds of elements 268$US

 Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed 266 $US
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants 204

Requirement for compliance with the international plant protection standard

Thailand applies ISPM-15. In other words, exporters who use this type of packaging must obtain ISPM 15 authorization.

Commercial Shipping

 Present four commercial invoices that contain: quantity, total and unit value of each of the shipped references, gross weight

and net weight, name, composition and type of product, country of origin, name of the recipient, labeling, freight value and

insurance value.

 If the value of the merchandise is declared in terms of FOB or CIF purchase and sale, a permit must be requested from the

Export and Import Control Division of the Ministry of Commerce of Bangkok.

 The buyer must apply for an import license from the Bangkok Ministry of Commerce.

Sample shipments

 Present two pro-forma invoices signed by the sender and showing the same details presented in commercial shipments.

Invoices must have the following statement: "FREE OF CHARGE - VALUES SHOWN FOR CUSTOMS PURPOSE ONLY"

and must be attached to the bill of lading or the air waybill.

A currency exchange permit from the Bank of Thailand is required if the value of the imported merchandise exceeds $ 15,417 in CIF

terms.
Introduction to the establishment of a trade agreement with Colombia.

The Colombian government has recently focused on approaching Asian nations due to its rapid growth potential in trade, investment

and science and technology. Colombian exports to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations achieved an increase of USD838, 2

million, this growth highlights Colombia's interest in strengthening trade and political ties with the countries of this bloc. Currently the

country's private companies are looking for Colombian products to have a greater presence in the Asian market and for those different

strategies should be designed with the countries we chose for this block that are: the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia

therefore political and commercial ties must be created with them. Oil and chemical industry were the main exported products,

however, non-traditional sectors such as leathers and moist skins, exotic fruits, flowers, lobsters and biscuits were opened in these

markets.

Economic Block.

 Colombia and Indonesia have a presence through embassies, maintain stable bilateral relations through the Pacific Alliance,

being similar economies, seek to complement themselves, Colombia exports meat, while Indonesia concentrates on exporting

in aviation products and services.

 Colombia has a more specialized fishing sector, which can supply the Philippines market.

  Colombia and Malaysia have an agreement of Technical and Cultural Educational Scientific Economic Cooperation, where

both countries are played by the technology, information and communication industry. Since Malaysia, it is one of the countries
 of Southeast Asia that has a great growth in the technology and innovation business, allowing Colombia to expand its market

and develop the ICT industry.

 Colombia and Thailand have been constantly found to finalize trade agreements, to strengthen their bilateral relationship,

allowing to encourage foreign investment, exports and tourism, however, their large market requires a partner that supplies

fuel.

References.
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Kuala-Lumpur:-Debe-revisar-los-datos-sobre-la-pobreza--47817.html

AsiaNews.it. (20 de Febrero de 2020). Indonesia. Obtenido de http://www.asianews.it/noticias-es/Ministro-indonesio:-para-combatir-la-

pobreza,-los-ricos-deben-casarse-con-los-necesitados.-49350.html

Banco Mundial. (2019). Desempleo, total Indonesia . Obtenido de https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ID

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Banco Mundial. (2019). Perspectivas de la población mundial 2019 Indonesia. Obtenido de

https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/Probabilistic/POP/TOT/360

CaixaBank. (Enero de 2020). Ficha País Malasia . Obtenido de https://www.caixabankresearch.com/system/files/fp-malasia-es.pdf

Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales de las Naciones Unidas. (2019). Fuente de Datos Malasia. Obtenido de
https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Metadata/Documentation/

Departamento de Estadística, Malasia,. (2019). Census Malasia. Obtenido de https://www.mycensus.gov.my/#latest-statistics-2019

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religious-landscape-exec/

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Trading Economics . (2019). Ease of Doing Business in Indonesia. Obtenido de https://tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/ease-of-doing-business

Trading Economics . (2019). Indonesia GDP. Obtenido de https://tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/gdp

World Factbook. (s.f.). ASIA ORIENTAL / ASIA SUDORIENTAL :: MALASIA. Obtenido de https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-
world-factbook/geos/print_my.html

World Factbook. (s.f.). EAST ASIA/SOUTHEAST ASIA :: INDONESIA. Obtenido de https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-

factbook/geos/print_id.htm

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. (2020). Stats. Obtenido de https://tradingeconomics.com/philippines/consumer-confidence

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Datosmacro.com. (s.f.). Tipos del Banco Central de Indonesia. Obtenido de https://datosmacro.expansion.com/tipo-interes/indonesia

Datosmacro.com. (s.f.). Tipos del Banco Central de Malasia. Obtenido de https://datosmacro.expansion.com/tipo-interes/malasia

Datosmacro.com. (s.f.). Tipos del Banco Central de Tailandia. Obtenido de https://datosmacro.expansion.com/tipo-interes/tailandia

Departamento de Estadística, Malasia,. (2019). Census Malasia. Obtenido de https://www.mycensus.gov.my/#latest-statistics-2019

Department of Statistics Malaysa. (4 de Junio de 2020). Malasia - Balanza Comercial. Obtenido de https://es.investing.com/economic-
calendar/malaysian-trade-balance-506

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interes/bancos-centrales/banco-central-indonesia/interes-bi.aspx

Instituto de Investigación Económica de Malasia. (2020). Estadisticas. Obtenido de https://tradingeconomics.com/malaysia/consumer-

confidence#:~:text=In%20the%20long%2Dterm%2C%20the,according%20to%20our%20econometric%20models.

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principal/noticias/coronavirus-economia-indonesia-new2020848045.html?idPais=ID

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Yakarta, (VNA). (13 de Mayo de 2020). Indonesia aplica seis políticas monetarias para estabilizar sistema financiero. Obtenido de
https://es.vietnamplus.vn/indonesia-aplica-seis-politicas-monetarias-para-estabilizar-sistema-financiero/120094.vnp