Future tense

Simple future tense Future continuous tense

Use will for predictions based on your feelings or
personal opinion:
I think the curfew will last longer.
I believe the people with not stay at home any longer.
Use will for decisions made at the moment of speaking:
- ​Can you fix my bike?
- I will fix it tomorrow.
It emphasized that an action WILL BE TAKING PLACE
at some point in the future.
Saturday at this time of the day I ​will be​ ​watching​ my
favorite TV program.
​ ill be​ ​living​ in another country.
In ten years I w

Use will for promises:

I will always be by your side.
I will pay you back next week.

Determiners

PreDeterminers Central Determiners PostDeterminers

- Distributors: - Articles: - Open-class quantifiers

all, both, half a, an, the, 0 a great/large/good number of, plenty
of, a lot of, lots of, a great/good deal
- Multipliers: - Demonstratives: of, a large/small quantity/amount of
once, twice, double, three times, this, that, these, those
four times Closed class quantifiers:
- Possessive adjectives: few, a few, many, several
- Fractions​: *[(A/an)/cardinal + my, your, his, her, its, our, your, → Count-nouns
fraction]* their
→ a quarter of, three quarters of, little, a little, much
one-third of, two-thirds of. - Genitive: → Non-count nouns
*N1 ‘s N2*
- Semi determiners: → Mara’s bed Cardinals:
such / what, another one, two three, four, five, …
- Wh- determiners:
whose, which, what, whosever, Ordinals:
whichever, whatever first, second, third, fourth, …

- Singular determiners: General ordinals:

each, every, either, neither, some, next, last, past, other, another,
any, enough additional, further, own, certain,
same.
- Negative determiners:
no
→ no car, no children, no
concentration
Word formation

Affixation Blending

Creation of new words by the use of derivation Words are formed by combining parts of two words,
Pass(able), (En)large, (A)wake usually the beginning of one word and the end of
another.
Smog (smoke + fog)
Brunch (breakfast + lunch)

Compounding Borrowing

Combining two or more roots to form a new word. Words are formed by adopting words from other
- Open: ​toy store, diving board, flower pot languages.
- Hyphenated: ​flower-pot, she-pony Garage​ → French
- Solid: ​flowerpot, washroom, pickpocket Pizza, maffia​ → Italian

Symbolism Back-formation

Alteration of the internal phonemic structure of a Words are formed by the deletion of a supposed affix
morpheme to indicate grammatical functions. from an already existing word.
Goose → geese Televi(sion) → televise
Tooth → teeth Donat(ion) → donate
Break → broke Babysit(ter) → babysit

Reduplication Word coinage (invention)

Repetitions of all or of part of a root/stem to form a new
word.
Ping-pong, tic-tac, tip-top, hip-hop
New words are created outright, either deliberately or
accidentally to fit some purpose. “Se acuña la palabra”.
Xerox, Kodak, Exxon, Kleenex, Nylon, Dacron, etc.;
pooch, snob, nerd, blurb.

Suppletion Functional shift (conversion / zero derivation)

The form of a root changes completely or it is replaced New words are created by using a word in new
by another morphologically unrelated root. functions.
Good, well → better, best. Paper, water, milk
Be → am, are, is

Acronymy / Initialisms Folk etymology

A new word is formed from the initial letter or the Change in the form/meaning of a word which results
constituent words of a phrase or sentence. from the incorrect assumption that it has a certain
- Acronyms (pronounced as a word): NASA etymological origin.
- Initialisms: FBI Jumper → Chompa
Aguacate → Avocado
Cucaracha → Cockroach

Clipping False etymology

Words are formed by shortening other words Hamburger steak - Ham-burger - Cheese-burger
(eliminating the initial, last or both parts) Bi-kini - Mono-kini - Tri-kini
Phone → telephone
Plane → airplane
Ad → Advertisement