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HoistingRigging Fundamentals PDF
HoistingRigging Fundamentals PDF
Fundamentals
for Riaaers and ODerators
-
Pendant Control Components
TR244C, Rev. 5
December 2002
TR244C
Rev . 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
CHAINSLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
SPREADER BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
RIGGING HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
INSPECTION TAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CRITICAL LIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
HANDSIGNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
HOISTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
MOBILECRANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
TC:0007224.01 i
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TC:0007224.0 1 Page 1 of 86
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Right b y .
Regular Lay
The term rope lay signifies the direction of
rotation of the wires and the strand (3).
Rotation is either to the right (clockwise) or
Rghl Lay.
left (counterclockwise). The standard is
Lang Lay
right regular lay. Left-lay rope is for
special-purpose applications.
Let7 Lay -
RegLbrby The lay-length is the distance measured
along a rope in which a strand makes one
complete revolution around the axis (4).
TC:0007224.0I Page3of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
FATIGUE RESISTANCE
TC:0007224.01 Page 4 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
STRENGTH
inspection Tags:
Bridle Sling
Description
Inspection Date -
Expiration Dat r c r l w t B I
TC:0007224.01 Page5of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
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Broken
Slings shall be visually inspected by the
WlreS person using the sling each day of their use.
This visual observation should be concerned
with discovering damage that may be an
immediate hazard.
Kinks
6) Severe corrosion.
TC:0007224.01 Page8of 86
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Rev. 5
A. True
B. False
A. Fiber
B. Independent wire rope (IWRC)
C. Super fiber
D. Strand
A. Left
B. Counter clockwise
C. Right
D. Band C
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TC:0007224.0 1 Page 11 of 86
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Cut and
When holes, tears, cuts or snags appear on
Tensile
Damage
synthetic web slings, it is a judgement call
on whether or not the sling is to be taken out
of service. It must be determined how much
of the inner thread damage there is to the
sling, for they compose 80% of the sling's
strength. This type of damage can be found
on any port of the sling. When red guard
warning yarn is exposed (red thread that is
Abrasion sewn in by the manufacturer) the sling must
Damabe
be taken out of service.
Knots
End Fittings
TC:0007224.01 Page 13 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
A. Polyester
B. Nylon
C. Acetone
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page 14 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
czI3 (Al
Length
Identification Tag
Connecting Link
Links (13)
New Link stretched Link
Chain links must be checked for cracks,
nicks, and gouges.
Elongation
Bends or twists
+--- Twisted Benk
Link Link
0 Heatdamage
0 Excessive wear
0 Hooks
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page 17 of 86
~ _ _
TR244C
Rev. 5
Attachments
5) Distortion of the choker fitting so the 6) Distortion of end fitting so the width of
depth of the slot is increased by more the eye opening is decreased by more
than 10%. than 10%.
7) A 15% reduction of the original 8) Visible distortion of either end fitting out
cross-sectional area of metal at any of its plane.
point around the hook opening of end
fitting.
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TC:0007224.0 1 Page 19 of 86
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TC:0007224.0 1 Page20of 86
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Rev. 5
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page21 of 86
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16 General Information
Anchor Shackle
0 Anchor shackle -- has a rounded eye
which makes it suitable for attaching
one or more lifting devices, such as
hooks or slings.
43
0 Chain shackle -- has a straight eye
designed for connecting to a single
lifting device.
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Rev. 5
19 Operating Guidelines
TC:0007224.01 Page23of 86
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21 RINGS
000
recommended but may be used if designed
by a qualified engineer and subject to NDT
testing.
EYEBOLTS
Unshouldered Shouldered
0 Unshouldered - for vertical lies only,
angular lifts will bend threaded shaft.
General Requirements
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Inspection
Operation Practices
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E"- 4
above the floor of a building at the Los
Alamos Accelerator Complex. The
block bounced about 20 feet laterally
from the point of impact and crashed
into detector instrumentation causing
more than $~OO,OUOin damage. While
the block was being moved, one of the
eyebolts pulled out of its insert and the
entire load shifted to the remaining
eyebolt, which supported the block
briefly before it also failed, allowing the
block to fall, striking other shield blocks
below. facility personnel determined
that, because the eyebolts were of
unequal length, the shorter eyebolt was
backed out (unthreaded) to allow both
bolts to extend to an equal height above
the block surface. The resulting thread
engagement of the shorter bolt was
insufficient and led to it pulling free of its
insert. There were no injuries to
personnel because the area below the
crane lift path was evacuated prior to
lifting and transpotting the block.
TC:0007224.01 Page27of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
26 HOOKS
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Rev. 5
General Information
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34 Operation Practices
comt
U-Bolt of all clips
on dead end of mpe Assure clips are orientated correctly (34)
TC:0007224.01 Page 31 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
-
Apply first clip one base width fromdead end of
-
wire rope U-Bolt over dead end. Tighten nuts
evenUy to recommended torque.
-
Apply second clip nearest loop as possible -
U-Bolt over dead end. Turn on nuts firm but do
not tighffien.
-
All other clips space equally betwen first two.
Apply
Tension
Apply
Tension
n Genera I Information
38
TC:0007224.01 Page33of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
Inspection
LOAD-MEASURING DEVICES
39 identification Requirements
Units of measure.
TC:0007224.01 Page35of 86
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Range
Operation Checks
TC:0007224.0 1 Page36of 86
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A. Body
B. Bolt
C. Pin
D. Opening
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
8. False
7. Eyebolts should be pulled or loaded 12. Wire rope clips will develop
in the plane of the eye. approximately 80 percent of the rope
strength.
A. True
B. False A. True
B. False
8. To prevent tip loading, when using a 13. Wire rope clips can be reused
sling with a hook attachment, the numerous times.
hook tip should point out and away
from the load. A. True
B. False
A. True
6. False
9. To carry the rated load of a hook, the 14. When Turnbuckles are used, they are
load should sit in the saddle of the designed as part of the rigging
hook. system.
A. True A. True
B. False B. False
I O . Its a good practice to use a shackle 15. Load indicating devices should be
when two or more sling eyes are used for which of the following:
used on a hook to center the load on
the hook. A. Routine operations
B. Where binding or friction can occur
A. True C. Loads which cannot be weighted
B. False D. Both Band C
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page38of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
Inspection Date -
TC:0007224.01 Page 40 of 86
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0 Load-indicating devices
Load vectors
0 Lifting points
TC:0007224.01 Page41 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
Sling angels
Method of attachment
Crane orientations
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page 43 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
Operator Rules
TC:0007224.01 Page 44 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
5) Hoisting and rigging for ordinary lifts that 4. Ensure that equipment is
require more than one person, i.e., an properly set up and positioned.
operator and a rigger(s), shall have a
designated leader. The designated 5. Ensure that a signaler is
leader shall be present at the lift site for assigned, if required, and is
the entire lift operation. identified to the operator.
1. Ensure that personnel involved See Section 7.0 of the DOE H&R
understand how the lift is to be Manual.
made.
TC:0007224.01 Page45of 86
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Keep the load under control All personnel including the rigger shall
at all times
stay clear of the load. Use a tag line to
help control the load.
When moving or placing machinery, it is A 180 Ib. man vs. a crane and load is no
advisable for all crew members to stay out of reasonable match-up. The tagline person
the path of the load as it is being should provide whatever control he can. He
maneuvered into position. Unfortunately, should also be aware of his abilities and
many "pinch and crush" injuries occur every limitations.
year because some people believe they can
grab onto and force a 6,500 Ib. load to stop
swinging before it can naturally
"settle-down."
Once the load is within its final placement it The most repeated killer of riggers is
may be adjusted by hand. WARNING: electrocution caused by the contact of the
Regardless of height or location above a boom, load line or load of a crane with
final resting position, if there is a risk that electrical power lines. When working
loss of control of the load could result in the around any powerline, ensure a signal
load striking or pinching the worker, then person is stationed to warn the operator
workers must not place hands on loads or when any part is approaching the minimum
otherwise work in close proximity to a safe distance of 10-50 feet, depending on
suspended load. The rigging arrangement the line voltage.
TC:0007224.01 Page48of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
r 1:
L
Because of severe service expected of
slings, errors in determining load weights,
2) Swaged socket end ftting...100% the effect of sling angle on the loading, and
the loss of efficiency due to D/d ratios, it is
mandatory that all safe working loads be
based on a factor of safety of at lease 5 1 .
3) Swaged sleeve end tilting...95%
TC:0007224.01 Page 49 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
Hitch Types
TC:0007224.01 Page 50 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
Good and Bad Rigging Practices When two or more slings are attached to the
same lifting hook in straight, or vertical,
manner, the total hitch becomes, in effect, a
lifting bridle, and the load is distributed
among the individual slings.
TC:0007224.01 Page51 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
44 Bridle Hitches
TC0007224.01 Page52of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
n Noming to
proven; bad
tipping. Sling
bums a u o s
hoist hook.
Sling Configurations
Sling Configurations
Hooked in
Master Link-
into
bY
TC:0007224.01 Page54of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
To prevent legs
Right from slipping
~ 4
~ n ~ ~ will slide ,
Legs
together
To prevent
slippage keep
angle 60"
or more
TC:0007224.01 Page55of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
fi
Io00 lbs IO00 ibs each leg increases without an increase in
the load lifted. A lot of misunderstanding
results from the change in carrying capacity
of a sling when the leg angle is changed.
Actually, there is no change in the tensile
strength of the sling leg.
707lbs Ibs I ~ ~ j W O I b s
Load Angle Factors (LAF)
loa, ibs Io00 lbs A load of 1,000 Ibs. Shared by two slings
can result in significantly higher forces in the
individual sling legs than 500 Ibs (47).
TC:0007224.01 Page56of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
Determination of Capacity Determination of Capacity Step 3: Measure the vertical height from the
of 3-Leg Bridle Hitch of 4-Leg Bridle Hitch horizontal plane of the load to the
When legs a
-
point where the slina attaches to the
not or dguel
length use
kuspended hook.
smsllest H L
TC:0007224.01 Page57of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
1. Assume the air conditioning unit has a 2. You go to the tool crib to pick up the
manufacturer's eyebolt in the center of wire-rope sling, and they do not have
the unit. You decide to hang one the diameter of wire-rope sling that you
shackle from the crane hook, and attach need. The tool crib does have a nylon
the other to the eyebolt, using a double ply web sling that can support
wire-rope sling with a mechanical splice 9,000 Ibs per inch of material with a web
and an independent wire-rope core to width of 2 inches. Can you use this
perform a vertical lift. The shackles are sling?
each rated at 10 tons. What is the
minimum diameter of wire-rope sling A. Yes
needed to safely perform the lift? B. No
A. 1/4"
B. I"
C. 7/16"
D. 7/8"
3. You go back to the air conditioning unit, 4. Is it true that by using a 4-leg bridle sling
and notice that there are four configuration, you can double the
unshouldered eyebolts at the four capacity of what you can lift using the
corners of the air conditioning unit. Can same scenario as question #3? In other
you perform the lift using two wire-rope words, can you perform the lift by using
slings with mechanical splices and four 1/2" diameter mechanical splice
independent wire-rope cores, running independent wire-rope core wire-rope
from the crane hook to two opposing slings, running from the crane hook to
corners of the air conditioner? The each unshouldered eyebolt?
slings available are 314" in diameter and
would place an angle between the A. Yes
horizontal surface of the load and the B. No
sling of 45'.
A. Yes
B. No
TC:0007224.0 1 Page58of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
5. You decide to increase the angle 6. You replace the unshouldered eyebolts
between the horizontal surface of the with shouldered eyebolts. At an angle
load and the sling from 45" to 60" by of 60" between the horizontal surface of
using a six ton spreader beam 12 feet in the load and the four 1/2" slings, the
length. You attach the spreader beam load capacity of the eyebolt is reduced
to the crane hook, running it parallel and by:
centered along the length of the air
conditioning unit. Two of the 1/2" A. 75%
wire-rope slings will be attached to B. 65%
hooks on one end of the spreader c. 45%
beam, running down to the eyebolts, D. The load capacity is not reduced.
and two will be attached to the other end
in a similar manner. Can you perform
the lift?
A. Yes
B. No
7. This means a 10,000 pound air 8. Is the overall weight of the air
conditioner would require a shouldered conditioner divided in two, if using two
eyebolt with minimum diameter of? slings in a two-leg sling configuration at
each end of a spreader beam? In other
A. 1/4" words, can I use four 7/16" diameter
B. 7/8" mechanical splice independent wire
C. 34" rope slings in two 2-leg sling
D. I" configurations running from the hooks at
E. 11/21' the ends of the 12' spreader beam to
the shouldered eyebolts, at a 60" angle
between the horizontal surface of the
load and the slings, if this configuration
is capable of lifting 5,800 pounds?
A. Yes
B. No
TC:0007224.01 Page59of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
9. Could you lift, using a 10 ton crane, a I O . Match the rigging component with the
10,000 pound air conditioner, I O ' wide appropriate reference page and/or table
by 12' long by 5' high, with four from WVDP-082.
shouldered eyebolts 1 1/21! in diameter
installed at each corner of the air A. Mechanical Splice (IWRC)
condition, using a 500 pound spreader Wire-Rope Slings
beam 12' in length, attaching the B. Spreader Beams
spreader beam to the crane hook, C. Unsho uIdered EyeboIts
running it parallel and centered along D. Nylon Double Ply Web Slings
the length of the air conditioning unit, supporting 9,000 Ibs per inch of
with four 7/16" diameter mechanical material
splice independent wire rope slings in E. Capacity of a 4 leg bridle hitch
two 2-leg sling configurations running F. Relationship of load angle and lifting
from the hooks at the ends of the 12' efficiency
spreader beam to the shouldered G. Safe loading of eyebolts - shoulder
eyebolts, at a 60' angle between the type only
horizontal surface of the load and the
slings?
A. Yes
B. No
TC:0007224.01 Page60of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
ANSWERS IO.
A. Pages 14-2 to 14-6
B. Table 11-6
C. Figure 11-7
D. Table 11-15
E. Figure 11-11
F. Page 12-13.
G. Page 12-11
TC:0007224.01 Page61 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page62of 86
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Rev. 5
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page63of 86
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Rev. 5
TC:0007224.0 1 Page64of 86
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Rev. 5
HOIST With forearm vertical, LOWER With arm extended BRIDGE TRAVEL Ann extended
downward, forefinger pointing forward, hand open and slightly
forefinger pointing up. move hand in
small horizontal circle. down, move hand in small raised, make pushing motion in
horizontal circles. direction of travel.
lTOLLEY TRAVEL Palm up,fingers STOP Arm extended, palm down, EMERGENCY STOP Both arms
:lased. thumb pointing in direction of move a m back and forth. extended, palms down, move a m
notion, jerk hand horizontally back and forth.
Bridge Travel
Emergency Stop
Hoist
Lower
Move Slowly
MULTIPLE TROLLEYS Hold one MOVE SLOWLY Use one hand to
finger for block marked “I *’ and two give any motion signal and place Multiple Trolleys
fingers for block marked “2”. other hand motionless in front of
Regular signalsfollow. hand giving the motion signal. stop
(Hoist slowly given as example.)
Standard Signals
Identification of Signalers
TC:0007224.01 Page66of 86
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TC:0007224.01 Page68of 86
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Wrung Right
HOIST TERMINOLOGY
* NOTE: When no lower limit switch is Upper limit switch - contact device which
provided, not less than two full wraps of restricts the upward travel of the hoist based
rope shall remain on the hoist drum when on counting revolutions on drum or when the
the hook is in its fully extended position. . block contacts a device below the hoist
drum.
TC:0007224.01 Page71 of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
49 BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN
OVERHEAD TRAVELING CRANE
17 Runway
0 Bridge
0 Trolley
I
Runwav The RUNWAY resembles a railroad track. It
is made of rails, beams, girders, and
brackets, providing the framework and
support for the crane.
TC:0007224.01 Page72of 86
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Rev. 5
TC:0007224.0 1 Page73of 86
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Howing
Trolley
TC:0007224.01 Page74of 86
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Rev. 5
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.0 1 Page75of 86
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Rev. 5
A. True A. True
B. False B. False
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page76of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
x) gitudinal
Eofcrane
TC:0007224.01 Page77of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
On May 30, 1997, at the Hanford Tank The operator picked up the load and
Farms, a 30-ton mobile, hydraulic crane extended the boom. As he rotated the load
lifting a 4,600-pound steel trench box tipped, to the side of the crane, the crane fell
and the boom landed on a 10-foot mound of against the mound of dirt (see Figure 4-2).
dirt. The crane came to rest against the The operator shut down the crane and
mound at a 45-degree angle. The crane exited without injury.
operator and an assisting flagman were not
injured. Investigators determined that the Investigators determined that the load rating
crane operator failed to extend all four chart for the crane permitted lifts without
outriggers as required for this type of lift. extended outriggers. However, the
Loss of control of the crane could have allowable load, boom angle, and extension
caused equipment damage or personal are greatly reduced. The load chart does
injury. (RL-PHMC-TANKFARM-1997-0048) not address operating the crane with only
two outriggers extended. According to the
A subcontractor had excavated a trench and load chart, the capacity and geometry of the
shored it with the steel trench boxes and lift were acceptable with all outriggers
stacked them for removal. Investigators extended. Investigators determined that the
determined that the operator extended the crane operator failed to properly configure
front two outriggers of the crane, but failed the crane for the lift.
to extend the rear two, when preparing to lift
the sections. A typical hydraulic crane,
displaying the outrigger configuration, is
shown in Figure 4-1.
TC:0007224.01 Page78of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
PaiSE BOOW Arm- extended, Lowcr Boom Arm extended, HOPCsl@WlY Use one hand Ralrr BOOD is ~ o w c r i o a ~ i
fingers closed, thumb pointing fingers closed, thumb poinring to give any motion signal. W t h arm extended, thumb pointing
upward. downward. Place other hand, motionless, up, fIerfingers in & out as long as
in front of hand giving motion Iwd movement is desired.
signal.
..
Lower BOOD & JOISC Load SWiDg Arm extended, point $ID) Arm extended, palm cmcr&aq slop Both arms
Wth arm extende& thumb with finger in direction ofnVing down, hold position rigidly. &ended, pdms down, move anns
pointing down, flexfingers in & of boom. back and forth horiz~nfally.
out as long as load movement is
desired. n
. . . .
c x l c ~ boom
l (Telescoping Pclracf boom (Telescoping CXlCDa bOOD (Telescoping Rclrarl bO@m (Telescoping
Booms). Both f i t s in from of Booms). Bothfisrs infront of Boom). One hand signal. One Boom). One hand signal. One f i t
body with thumbs pointing body with lhwnbs pointing $st in from of chest with thumb in front o f chest with M
outward. wwmd each other. tapping chest poiming
ommld & heel offintopping chest.
TC:0007224.01 Page79of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
A. True
B. False
TC:0007224.01 Page80of 86
TR244C
Rev. 5
TC:0007224.01 Page 81 of 86
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TC:0007224.01 Page82of 86
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4. Lines of Supervision Were Not Clear. Responsible subcontractor managers
The subcontractor operational chain of were not on-site that day (Saturday).
command differed significantly from the WORKERS WHO WERE NOT
formal organization chart. There was TRAINED IN HOISTING AND RIGGING
considerable confusion regarding who WERE ASSIGNED TO THE JOB.
was directing the tank moving operation.
7. Work Controls Were LTA: There was
5. On-the-Job Hazard Recognition Was not a proper work document for the
Less Than Adequate (LTA): The actual operation; only a "maintenance work
weight of the tank was not known. order" with a short narrative description
Tie-down straps were used instead of and hand-drawn sketches. This
slings. Employees were allowed to be maintenance work order included no
too close to a suspended load. procedure, safety precautions,
Employees did not realize that acceptance criteria, quality assurance,
approximately 150 gallons of water or signature for acceptance by the
remaining in the tank from a static lead customer. The sketches provided were
test added approximately 1180 pounds not sufficient to complete the job and
to the weight of the tank. Subcontractor had to be supplemented by oral
(CWM) management did not expect line instructions at the job site.
supervision to look for or identify job and
safety hazards. 8. Roles and Responsibilities Were Not
Understood by Employees: Employees
6, Hazard Underestimated by at the job site did not clearly understand
Subcontractor Management: There was who was in charge of directing the tank
not specific pre-job briefing held prior to movement operation, and who decided
the tank moving operation. There was to use the tie-down straps for rigging.
not single person-in-charge (PIC). Personnel involved with the job did not
Employees involved in the operation receive any pre-job briefing;
each had a different understanding of consequently, the workers did not
the lifting sequence. The forklift understand what task they were to
operator did not see the workers enter perform.
the berm under the suspended load.
There was a total of three subcontractor
Three of the five workers in the berm did companies involved in the tank
not attend the morning safety briefing. operation: Chemical Waste
In fact, the morning safety briefing DID Management, Inc. (CWM), Rust
NOT COVER any of the days scheduled International Corporation (Rust), and
work, including the tank moving Veterans Steel Erection Co. (Veterans).
operation. Site safety personnel were THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR RIGGING
not aware of the operation. No AND MOVING THE TANK RESTED
subcontractor safety personnel were WITH VETERANS. The Veterans
present during the moving operation. employees stated that they were there
to assist CWM in placing the tank.
CWM employees stated they were there
to assist Veterans with placement of the
tank.
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Rev. 5
9. Schedule pressure emphasized
production: Workers stated there was
enormous pressure to meet critical
deadlines (driven by regulatory
agencies). The subcontractor (CWM)
was working on a seven-day work week,
and workers averaged over 50 hours of
overtime per two-week pay period. It
was widely believed that, if the schedule
was missed, the subcontractor would
lose future opportunities for additional
contracts at Oak Ridge.
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TR244C
Rev. 5
ANSWER KEY OPERATOR TRAINING AND
QUALIFICATIONS
I. A
2. B
3. B
4. c
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. B
Chain Slings
I. A
2. B
3. A
Spreader Beams
1. B
2. B
3. A
Rigging Hardware
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
IO. A
11. A
12. A
13. B
14. A
15. D
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TR244C
Rev. 5
Critical Lift Hoists and Overhead Cranes
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