Practical No.

14

Analysis of skim milk

Definition:
__​Skimmed milk is milk free from fat. It contains 0.1%fat. The nutrients present in the skimmed
milk are Vitamin C ,Thiamin,Niacin,Folate ,Magnesium Zinc and Selenium.​__

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Composition:
The composition of non-fat solids of skim milk is:

● 52.15% lactose
● 38.71% protein
● 31.18% casein
● 7.53% whey protein
● 1.08% fat
● 8.06% ash

Experiment methodology:

Step 1: Treatment of given sample with acid to separate carbohydrates,

proteins and lipids
10-15 mL milk sample -> 7-8 drops concentrated HCl dropwise -> filter the solution -> collect
the filtrate and perform tests for carbohydrates (carbohydrates being soluble in acids will appear
in filtrate) -> with the residue, perform the tests for presence of proteins and lipids

Step 2: Qualitative tests

Tests for filtrate

Carbohydrates

Test Observation Inference

Molisch’s test Purple/ Voilet ring is formed Carbohydrates are present
at the junction of two solutions
Iodine test No change in colour of iodine Polysaccharides are absent
Fehling test Brick red ppt are formed Reducing sugar is confirmed
Benedict test Brick red ppt are formed Reducing sugar is confirmed
Ions

Test Observation Inference

For calcium Yellow ppt are formed Calcium is present
For phosphate Yellow ppt are formed Phosphate is present
Tests for residue

Proteins

Test Observation Inference

Ninhydrin test Voilet colour appears Proteins and amino acids are
present
Biuret test Voilet colour appears Proteins are indicated
Heller’s test White ring is formed Proteins are indicated
Test for casein White ppt are formed Caesin is confirmed
Lipids

Test Observation Inference

Spot test No spot appears Lipids are absent
Emulsification test No emulsion is formd Lipids are absent
Saponification test No soap formation occurred Lipids are absent
Results:​ Carbohydrates and proteins are found to be present in given sample of
skim milk and it doesn't contain lipids.Ions such as calcium and potassium are
present in given sample.

Submitted by : Bismah Saeed (D19E80)