Loop Leveling by number of setups Example

Type of project: Small engineering project

B.M. (103)
Error = Calculated elevation – known elevation Calculated elev. N= 5 setups Known Elevation = 901.5 m
= 906.8 m Δh=+5.30 m Calculated elev. Of
Error= 901.53 – 901.5 = 0.03 m (30 mm) A B.M. (103) = 901.53 m
OR Error = ƩΔh = 5.3+1.9-3.4-3.77 = 0.03 m

This means that the Calculated elevation is N=3setups

Δh=+1.90 m
Above the real known elevation by

0.03 m (30 mm) because the error is positive N= 5 setups

Δh= -3.77 m
Calculated elev.
= 908.7 m B

Given that the distance of Survey is 8570m, check whether

this survey complains with the standards of accuracy and
general specification for vertical controls found in table N= 3 setups
2.1. Δh= -3.40m

Solution: This is a small engineering project, so it is within

C Calculated elev.
the third order
= 905.3 m
The max allowable error is given by,12𝑚𝑚√𝐾

= 12𝑚𝑚√8.57 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐾 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐾𝑚

= 35 mm So it is OK since the error is 30mm and less than

35 mm

Correct the surveying points, elevations

𝑁
The correction will be based on the number offset ups as : correction = - (∑ 𝑁) × 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟

Corrected Δh Correct
Point Calculated Δh Correction in Δh
(calculated Δh+correction) elevations
B.M. (103) - - - 901.5
+5.30 -(5/16)x0.03=-0.009375 5.291
A 906.791
+1.90 -(3/16)x0.03=-0.005625 1.894
B 908.685
-3.4 -(3/16)x0.03=-0.005625 -3.406
C 905.279
-3.77 -(5/16)x0.03=-0.009375 -3.779
B.M. (103) 901.5

Ʃ +0.03 -0.03 0.00