Pakistan’s First e-Magazine for Civil Services Aspirants HsMCSS TIMES September 2019 JAMMU & : KASHMIR ; fers nd Indian OccupiedSo HSM Publishers (a Project of Imi RRNA CON monet tecer ae ites . OME Sa ce ee COORRCOn ese of CSS / PMS. These books provide Recon ee ere ene Cnet) PAS cpa MR TCIM Caer sn ernie HSM Publishers' books' titles are revised, updated and improv regular intervals to make them relevant to the frequent changes in the format Pn cca Ome ct mE RTOS eon rctsteny ms. HSM Publishers! ete emer en F Rei eaaitmitatecan cate relevance and timeliness and widest ETC NG met esa covered. HSM Publishers’ boo! lorie hae ore Postence Nelsen ee) oem in ate and HSM Publishers have a chequered fey Um KCuO NCO MIU LTome RCC eT catalyzing success and confidenceKM GSAS India Revokex he Special Status q jranted to Jammu and K Whatis Article 370? India’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (B1P) stripped Kashmiris of the special autonomy they had for seven decades through a rushed presidential order on August S, 2019. India's revocation of thejHimalayan territory's!special status is a bid tolfully integrate its only Muslin» majority stataqwith the rest of the country. For HSM CSS Times the past year the state has been under presidential rule, after Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) pulled away from an alliance with a local Kashmiri party and dissolved the state assembly. Critics of Modi's government and the BJP have accused jp of changing the constitution to ae eadHV GESTS PAKISTAN, Siachen Glacier CONTROLLED KASHMIR Peer ace) INDIA ¢ CONTROLLED Islamabad KASHMIR PAKISTAN shift Jammu and Kashmir’s demographics — it is the controversial Instrument of Accession on 26 currently majority Muslim — as well as to pander October 1947. Kashmir was provisionally to many in its Hindu nationalist base that have accepted into the Indian Union pending a free long demanded the right to own property in and impartial plebiscite. This was spelled out in a Kashmir. letter from the Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten, to the Maharaja on 27 October 1947. In the letter, accepting the accession, A cle, eM Mountbatten made itclear that the State would partitioned into India and Pakistan as part of the independence process. The British also allow the nominal rulers of several hundred “princely states,” who were tax collectors for the British and served at British pleasure, to decide whether they wanted to join India or Pakistan. Pakistan demands Muslim Majority State Kashmir accede UNDERSTANDING to it. The people of Kashmir were demanding to join Paistan. Maharajah Har Siogh, huey ARTICLE 370 acceding to India. While Indian leaders welcomed his decision, India's forcible occupation of the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 is the main cause of emer eo the dispute. India claims to have ‘signed’ a Sry Hea controversial document, the Instrument of res Cee Accession, on 26 October 1947 with the Se nce a re Maharaja of Kashmir, in which the Maharaja eres obtained India's military help against popular Sep Gidea insurgency. The people of Kashmir and Pakistan Dares roe eta be al donotacceptthe indian claim. eee The Maharaja, fearing tribal warfare, eventually gave way to the Indian pressure and agreed to join India by, as India claims, ‘signing’ so ort CS eu Saree aseHM S97 only be incorporated into the Indian Union after a reference had been made to the people of Kashmir. Having accepted the principle of a plebiscite, India has since obstructed all attempts at holdinga plebiscite. In 1947, India and Pakistan went to war over Kashmir. During the war, it was India which first took the Kashmir dispute to the United Nations on 1 January 1948. After Indo-Pakistani war, the U.N. Security Council adopted Resolution 47 in April 1948. This resolution held that Pakistan must withdraw its troops from the region, India must reduce its military presence, and India must hold a referendum to allow the Kashmiri people to determine their own fate. The following year, on 1 January 1949, the UN helped enforce ceasefire between the two countries. The ceasefire line is called the Line of Control. Azad Kashmir became a semi-autonomous entity under Pakistan, and the Kashmir Valley and the provinces of Jammu and Ladakh ended up under Indian control, The UN promised a plebiscite to decide the final fate of the people. A year earlier, all princely states including Kashmir were invited to send representatives to India's Constituent Assembly, which was formulating a constitution for the whole of India, Ima counter move to the Maharaja's declaration ‘of accession, Kashmir's representatives in the assembly negotiated with the government of India the inclusion of Article 370 in the new constitution India always intended this provision to be temporary — and Hindu nationalist groups L2DAWN New Delhi shed: fig leaf, robs held Kashmir of speci al status have pushed foriits revocation since the 1950s. Article 370 allowed Kashmir to retain autonomy in all matters, except defence, currency, and foreign affairs. It established a separate constitution and a separate flag. As a result of this article, all the provisions of the Indian constitution are not applicable in Kashmir and need the concurrence of the local government. Yet many Kashmiris saw this as a weak and unjust replacement for the plebiscite and one of the first sly moves by India to usurp theterritory. With the abrogation of Article 354, non- © TRIBUNE he New ork Gimes crn Dee Tua neceH-Vi GESTS BS Kashmiris now have the right to move into the region and acquire property. The demographic changes from an influx of non-Muslims into the Muslim-majority Kashmir region of J&K could generate conflict between newcomers and the local population The BIP is historically belligerent to Kashmir's autonomous status andthe RSS openly claims that Kashmir's Muslim "majority" is “oppressive” and a "headache for the country" The removal of 35A can facilitate a demographic chanj controlling the territory. Kashmiris fear what they call the BJP's "Israeli model” to establish @ which BJP considers prescriptive for settlers that will favour Indian rulein the region. Pakistan strongly condemned and ‘rejected’ Indian government's decision to revoke Article 370 and scrap the special status for disputed Kashmirthrough a presidential decree. Trade relations between the two neighbours were already strained following the Pulwama terror attack as India imposed 200 per cent customs duty on all goods imported from the neighbouring nation. Imports from Pakistan declined by 92 per cent to USD 2.84 million in March 2019 compared to USD 34.61 million in March 2018. During January-March period of 2018-19 fiscal, imports from Pakistan declined by 47 per cent to USD 53.65 million. Two notifications were issued soon after the cabinet meeting to implementthe decision to suspend bilateral trade with India with immediate effect and until further orders One notification suspended all kind of exports to India, while the other banned import of goods of Indian origin or those imported from it. Earlier, ase esta entsH-V GESTS this ban was only limited to imports from Israel with which Pakistan has no trade ties at all. Pakistan's imports have already entered negative growth with almostall countries, except India, as Islamabad mostly imports raw materials from India. According to a data of indian Couneil for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), the total exports from India to Pakistan in the financial year 2018-2019 was around USD 2 billion. In reaction to India's move, Pakistan downgraded diplomatic ties with India by expelling Indian High Commissioner Ajay Bisaria and announced that it would also suspend trade relations with New Delhi. Indian authorities have carried out a major crackdown against political leaders in Indian-occupied Kashmir and arrested high profile figures that include three former chief ministers of the Muslim-majority state. The arrests coincided with the abrogation of decades-old Article 370 of the Indian constitution that protected the demographic makeup of Jammu and Kashmir state and provided it with limited autonomy. It is not clear how many politicians or activists have been arrested since August 5 - the day Article 370 was abrogated - since the administration has not come out with any figures. The decision to scrap Kashmir's special status and divide it into two "union territories" to be controlled by New Delhi stoked unprecedented tensions in the disputed region and heightened hostilities with Pakistan, which also claims the disputed Himalayan territory in itsentirety. Hereisa roundup of prominent Kashmiri Seon ase asda* ¥ + ra a See ee 9 Cees rey eur icy > —Publishers—H-V GESTS politicians and leaders currently under arrest: A former legislator of Jamaat-e-Islami party, Syed Alli Geelaniis a veteran Kashmiri separatist and is known for advocating the merger of the region with Pakistan. He is a member of separatist front Hurriyat - or Joint Resistance Leadership (JRL) -which last year (2018) called for a shutdown in the Kashmir Valley every time India's Supreme Court heard petitions seeking the revocation of Article 35A. Article 35A is a special law under Article 370 that prevented non-Kashmiris from buying land in the region. Geelantiand his family have been investigated by India's National Investigation Agency (NIA) for alleged funding of “terrorist, activities," allegations the veteran leader denies, calling it a witch-hunt, Geelani has been detained at his home on the outskirts of Srinagar, where he has remained under detention for the most part of the last nine years because of his sizeable sway in the region. He is reported to be unwell and has not commented on the recent developments. Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) Chairman Yasin Malik has been arrested in a crackdown on leaders in Indian occupied Kashmir (lok) on February 23, 2019. Yasin Malik (born 1966) is a Kashmiri separatist leader and former militant who advocates the separation of Kashmir from both India and Pakistan. He is the Chairman of Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front, which originally spearheaded armed militancy in the Kashmir Valley. Malik renounced violence in 1994 and adopted peaceful methods to come to a settlement on the Kashmir conflict A separatist anda religious scholar, Umar Farooq belongs to the Mirwaiz family, the custodians of Srinagar's largest Jamia Mosque, the nerve centre of clashes between protesters and security forces. Known more commonly as "Mirwai2", Farooq was also questioned by the NIA earlier this year over “terror funding" allegations.A member of the JRL, like Geelani, Umar had often described Article 370 as an “article of faith’.{t is not clear whether Farooq has been detained at his Srinagar residence or is lodged ata police station. Farooq Abdullah, patriarch of Kashmir's powerful Abdullah family which governed Jammu and Kashmir state for several decades and produced three chief ministers, is detained in his home on the heavily-guarded Gupkar Road neighbourhood in the main city of Srinagar. The HSM CSS Saree ede neeHv GESTS 83-year-old leader is the president of the National Conference, Kashmir's oldest political party, and is currently a member of India's parliament in the prestigious Srinagar seat. The pro-India leader had also been chief minister of the Muslim-majority state three times.Over his long political career, Faroog often invoked Article 370, calling it 2 "matter of honour" for the Kashmiris. Farooq is the son of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, who led a political movement for two decades for a plebiscite in Jammu and Kashmir which would allow its residents to decide whether they want a merger with India or Pakistan, or become an independent state.sheikh Mohammad Abdullah was arrested by India in 1953. He later settled for ‘a deal with the Indian government in 1975 that saw him becoming chief minister of the state. Omar Abdullah, 49 Another former chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Omar is the third-generation leader of tthe National Conference, the party founded by his grandfather Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah and currently headed by his father Faroog. Omar was arrested on August 5, the day Kashmir's special status was scrapped, and lodged at Hari Niwas, a state guest house close to the banks of Srinagar's iconic Dal Lake.His arrest caught many by surprise since he was seen as being close to the Indian government. He was a junior minister Tessas for external affairs in a Bharatiya Janata Party (BIP)-led coalition government two decades ago. Between 2009 and 2015, Omar was chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir state in alliance with the Indian National Congress party. He reportedly shares a close rapport with top Congressleaders, including Rahul Gandhi. One of the most articulate politicians in the region, Omar has more than 3 million followers on Twitter, Mehbooba Mufti, 60 Mehbooba Mufti will go down in history as the last chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir state, since the region has now been brought under central control. Her political career has seen her go from one extreme to another. In her initial years asa politician, she adopted what wasccalled a “soft-separatist agenda” due to her support to the families of Kashmiri rebels tortured andkilled by the Indian forces. Mufti was arrested on August 5, moments after Article 370 was abrogated. She has been lodged at Chashm-e- Shahi, the official guesthouse of the state government. Her father, Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, was India's home minister and twice the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Sayeed died in 2016; at the time he was heading a government in alliance with the BJP. Sayeed was succeeded by Mehbooba as chief minister and president of the People's Democratic PartyH-M GESTS (PDP), which enjoys considerable support in southern Kashmir. Mehbooba had likened the abrogation of Article 370 to the Israeli ‘occupation of Palestine. The Effects of Revoking Article 370 There has been an upsurge in protest and violence in Indian-occupied Kashmir since July 2016. The trigger was the killing of Burhan Wani, the leader of the armed group Hizbul Mujahedin by the security forcesin that month, There have been numerous clashes between the Indian and Pakistani military across the ‘Line of Control’, as the border between Indian-administered and Pakistan-administered Kashmir is called, Incursions by armed groups into Indian-occupied Kashmir from AJK have also continued. In February 2019, more than 40 Indian soldiers were killed in an attack in Pulwama. ‘On 5 August 2019, the Indian Government suddenly announced the revocation of Article 370 of the Constitution, which grants the state of Jammu and Kashmir considerable political autonomy. The Indian Government says this is a long-overdue measure that will help to stabilise the situation by integrating the state fully into india. But there are fears that this move willonly add fuel tothe flames. Implications of revoking Article 370 Article 370 was added to India’s Constitution in 1949. It allows Jammu and Kashmir to have its own constitution, a separate flag and independence over all matters except foreign affairs, defence and communications. This autonomy has been greatly eroded in practice over recent decades. During recent national elections, which it won decisively, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BIP), led by prime minister Narendra Modi, promised to revoke Article 370. Except for one clause to which the Government does not object, this happened by presidential order on S August. ABill has also been rapidly approved by both Houses of Parliament splitting the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two federal (also known as Union) territories. One will be called Jammu HSM CSS Times and Kashmir, which will have a state legislature. The other is Ladakh, which will be ruled directly from New Delhi. The revocation of Article 370 extends to a key provision added under it, known as Article 35A. This gives special privileges to permanent residents, including state government jobs and the exclusive right to own property in Jammu and Kashmir. It is intended to protect the state's distinct demographic character as the only Muslim-majority state in India. Others, including the BIP, view it as discriminatory against non- Muslims and harming development. It was introduced in its current form in 1954 but a similar law was in place prior to Indian independence in 1947. Thousands of additional soldiers were sent to Jammu and Kashmir prior to the 5 August announcement. A curfew is still in force. At least two senior Kashmir opposition politicians and former Chief Ministers, Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti, have been detained and there is a communications ‘lockdown’. Its hard to find out whatis happeningon the ground. Is revocation Legal under In Law? Many acknowledge that Jammu and Kashmir's political autonomy has been greatly eroded in practice since Article 370 was introduced. But is the act of revocation legal under Indian law? There are many differing views. ° A Constitutional expert has said the order was “constitutionally sound” and that “no legal and constitutional fault can be foundinit.” © But some lawyers assert that constitutional change of this kind requires a two- thirds majority in both Houses of the Union Parliament. Others suggest that it requires the approval of a body - the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly — which no longer exists, having been abc ed in 1957 after the state constitution was agreed. ° In addition, the Supreme Court has previously declared that, contrary to those who believe it was only supposed to be a temporary measure, Article 370 has become a permanent provision of the Indian Constitution. This has led some to question whetherit can ever beHM 7a legitimately revoked. © The Supreme Court will very likely be asked to rule on the constitutionality of the BIP- led government's latest actions. But this could take some time. The Court is already considering constitutional challenge to Article 35. © Many critics of revocation regard it as breaching the contractual basis upon which the Maharaja of Kashmir decided to join India in 1947. Some lawyers think that this means there could bean international law dimension too. Could International Law Apply? Constitutional law expert Faizan Mustafa has characterised the 1947 agreement (known as the Instrument of Accession) under which the Maharaja of Kashmir decided to join India as one between two sovereign states — in other words, it has the character of an international treaty. He says that by revoking Article 370, the indian Government can be interpreted as\ returning Kashmir to its pre- agreement status as a sovereign state. For him, this might also conceivably lead ‘to the reopening of the possibility of a plebiscite in Kashmir to decide its future. This is endorsed by UN resolutions upholding Kashmir's right to self-determination following the first war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir in 1948, Other experts may disagree with Faizan Mustafa's interpretation. Lawyers for the BIP-led government will certainly do so. One line of argument will be that the UN resolutions were superseded by provisions for the bilateral resolution of disputes set out in the 1972 Simla ‘Agreement, which brought the third war between India and Pakistan (over the creation of Bangladesh) to an end. However, Mustafa's is not a lone voice. There has already been talk of taking a case to the International Court of Justice (IC). But given that the Indian Government is very unlikely to accept the IC)'s jurisdiction in this matter, the court may only be able to respond to a request foranon-binding ‘advisory opinion’: International Reaction Pakistan's reaction has been one of outrage. Its foreign ministry was quick to say that India's move violates UN resolutions. its army chief, HSM CSS Times General Qamar Javed Bajwa said: “Pakistan army firmly stands by the Kashmiris in their just struggle to the very end...We are prepared and shall go to any extent to fulfil our obligations in this regard.” said: “..incidents like Pulwama are bound to happen again... | can already predict this will happen. They will attempt to place the blame on us again. They may strike us again, and we will trike back.” On 7 August, Pakistan expelled India's High Commissioner and recalled its own top diplomat from New Delhi. It also announced the suspension of bilateral trade. China has said it supports Pakistan's stance, highlighting its opposition to the establishment of Ladakh as a separate territory ruled from New Delhi. China currently controls territory which India claimsas an extension of Ladakh. The policy of Western governments (including the UK) on Kashmir since the 1950s has been not to get involved in discussions of sovereignty and international law, but simply to urge all parties to resolve the dispute peacefully. There will be heightened anxiety that the revocation of Article 370 might trigger another full-blown conflict between India and Pakistan, both of which are nuclear weapon states. The Western response to the revocation of Article 370 has so far been low-key. The US has called on all parties to “maintain peace and stability along the Line of Control”. At the time of writing, there have been no official statements bythe UKor EU. The UN Secretary-General has called for “restraint”. In 2018 the UN called for the establishment of an international commission of inquiry into human rights abuses since 2016 on both sides of the Line of Control. India rejected this call0% nn YY ay om ; ee ional wf mepibYKO)\a MO) s i Kabir Street Urdu Bazar, Lahore Phone: 042-373532510 www.hsmpublishers.com www.ilmikitabkhana.com1Si,| CSS/Times sw ¥ Che New York in v Imran Khan: The World Can't Ignore 9s Kashmir. We Are All in Danger. : If the world does nothing to stop the Indian assault on New York Times: Aug. 30, 201 _» If the world does nothing to stop the Indian assault on Kashmir and its people, two nuclear- armed states will get ever closer to a direct military confrontation. After! was elected prime minister of Pakistan last August, one of my foremost priorities was to work for lasting and just peace in South Asia. India and Pakistan, despite our difficult history, confront similar challenges of poverty, unemployment and climate change, especially the threat of melting glaciers and scarcity of water for hundreds of millions of our citizens. 1 wanted to normalize relations with India through trade and by settling the Kashmir dispute, the foremost impediment to the normalization of relations between us. On July 26, 2018, in my first televised address to Pakistan after winning the elections, | stated we wanted peace with India and if it took one step forward, we would take two steps. After that, a meeting between our two foreign ministers was arranged on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly session in September 2018, but India canceled the meeting. That September 1 also wrote my first of three letters to Prime Minister Narendra Modi calling for dialogue and peace. Unfortunately, all my efforts to start a dialogue for peace were rebuffed by India. Initially, we assumed that Mr. Modi's increasingly hard-line Sse xedsee saa ae eesHM SSA positions and his rhetoric against Pakistan were aimed to whip up a nationalist frenzy among the Indian voters with an eye on the Indian elections in May. (On Feb. 14, a few months before those elections, a young Kashmiri man carried outa suicide attack against Indian troops i Indian-occupied Kashmir, The Indian government promptly blamed Pakistan. We asked for evidence, but Mr. Modi sent Indian Air Force fighter planes across the border to Pakistan. Our Air Force brought down an Indian plane and captured the pilot. We struck back to signal we could defend ourselves but chose not to strike a target that would cause loss of life. | made a conscious decision to show that Pakistan HSM CSS Times | SEPTEMBER 2019 | For Free Download: v had no intent of aggravating the conflict between two nuclear-armed states. We returned the captured Indian pilot, with no preconditions. On May 23, after Mr. Modi's re-election, | congratulated him and hoped we could work for “peace, progress and prosperity in South Asia.” In June, | sent another letter to Mr. Modi offering dialogue to work toward peace. Again, India chose not to respond. And we found out that while | was making peace overtures, India had been lobbying to get Pakistan placed on the “blacklist” at the intergovernmental Financial Action Task Force, which could lead to severe economic sanctions and push us toward bankruptcy. Evidently Mr. Modi had mistaken our desire for peace in a nuclear neighborhood as appeasement. We were not simply up against a hostile government. We were up against a “New India,” which is governed by leaders anda party that are the products of the Hindu supremacist mother ship, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, or thers. The Indian prime minister and several ministers of his government continue to be members of the RS.S,, whose founding fathers expressed their admiration for Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. Mr. Modi has written with great love and reverence about M.S. Golwalkar, the second supreme leader of the R.S.S., and has referred to Mr. Golwakar as “Pujiniya Shri Guruji (Guru Worthy of Worship).” times. pkHSM Paper | & Il The Political science optional subject is a very dynamic and constantly evolving subject. This book contains the elaborate coverage of textual and non-textual aspects of the subject. The book is featured with Description and analysis of the concepts with necessary illustrations and models. Information on relevant Key Concepts and Smart Facts has been boxed and also, answers given in the book are updated with authentic latest information to serve as models for the upcoming exam HSM Paper | & Il Chapterwise Explanatory Questionnaire HSM Political Science Paper | & II () MCQs is a ready reckoner that includes chapter wise Explanatory Questionnaire with Answer Hints. Based on latest syllabus prescribed by the FPSC for Political Science Optional Paper Sclved Objective Type Multiple Choice Questions Including Sted QS of| lamer Shahzad Past (SS Papers with ExplanationsUS SPACE COMMAND is officially Open for Business Lr ee ML ae ae LC) ener eg cer ea ect eee ge ee ee iC nD Cn a ac eum Ce Ue UCN et UCC esc Eur Rel RUS ena Tee ne Acad defending military satellites and other space Eee Rene eta cum ee ume e De RL Noo Folge) eM) Ce oe LL NLA Ere cet cent cn The new Space Command will be on par with Oa Aeterna eee for different geographic regions of the world or DEC esa ues ec ou ean Ta SN OM aCe tod ec Aa cu ole Rca ee eC RCL elisa) Dee Cee ad Conan amc eee on ee eure\ Py sv Pe et) “combatant command" due.to advances in weaponry by China and Russia thateould destroy Pe ieee Ramune ake ecu rococo Cee Tn ae Toe Pee ni ee aR ao determined, Raymond said. The Pentagon is eee ea ee a) eect ee mee Ue aEe Ieee ese Ce Rear Bete Rc oe ae ecg eC Re Re nn rnc cg Reco e haem eens s NMC Me ee cca eT TRC EMM Tae Ee eek gea ce ceca BL Cir Mort le alo AOA Rear erent uae eee Ver con Soeur ME CCU CU Tat ken Ld UC Ta a ac oem Raymond said, although he declined to elaborate Uren eau etc RUC at Ree MT cod establish U.S. Space Command in fiscal 2020. Of RU eae CU Ru) Creme ee met ede ries About US Military Space Force: Sue ene eee eee (Digital Magazine! 2019 | For Free Download: www.csstimes.pkS$) CSS Times apc Oe Lae ua onss pee eae aes SPACE COULD Why space has become so Tay ela laa ee Se an me) global powers like Russia and China are already treatingitas such. Soe aces Pome eee Nee bank transactions to weather forecasting to is television service to the GPS directions — cee eee eee ean aetna rea a CLES) Serene aca coms . Cee run Crom Sen ee a ROE te i eS oe itn otal Ee eee nea ntl x - right, it also littered orbit with potentially we b Pe. 45 destructive space debris. Many saw the Pa mache eae eee em ae CR GS eae ie Air Force Space Command United States Locations Pte rcs Peer ert) pee Beate erat F Bereta cerns ane te BS x Pei yt 1) 4 Pee oe Boer peor > nae) Car Y 4 cer (Digital Magazine) 2019 | For Free Download: www.csstimes.pkeee iicte Essay Writing Important CSS Essay’s Outline Replaced Essays 2000-2019 &All Other Competitive Exams CURRENS a ca teeny Dereon ' " Soe Des rT oT aS oe *ery A 3.8-Million-Year-Old Fossil From Ethiopia Reveals the Face of Lucy's Ancestor Cee nee ee Pn ea ee ac eR RO accepted as the progenitor of Lucy's species, Deedee Oe Cee Rue Cae Cee Reece eee etm ease eet eee cameo Ee er eur ease em discovered the first cranium of A. anamensis at Reena Coen oc Resa eae) Ae Me oe Re represents a time interval between 4.1 and 3.6 Dee Rte eae} Dn ee eee te erg Rac a nes ca acne ta Rie a td Sse a Seer Ua Oe cae anamensis," said Melillo. "It is good to finally be Cee a eR ae) cranium, together with other fossils previously known from the Afar, show that A. anamensis CA eo eT Oy See merece uc eer cued Oe ecee eRe Pee ee Ds er UEC ec gle understanding of human evolution during the Lei Pee am CR ee a em team discovered the cranium (MRD-VP-1/1, here referred to as "MRD") in February 2016. In the Se ee Cotes ae eee eRe acd CREE Ne ca AR ned ‘For Free Download: www.csstimes.pk BEM111 CSS/Times geologists worked on determining the age and context of the specimen. The results of the team's findings are published online in two Papers in the international scientific journal Nature. Discovery of the cranium ‘The Woranso-Mille project has been conducting field research in»the central Afar region of Ethiopia since 2004. The project has collected more than 12,600 fossil specimens representing about 85 mammalian species. The fossil collection includes about 230 fossil hominin specimens dating to between more than 3.8 and about 3.0 million years ago. The first piece of MRD, the upper jaw, was found by Ali Bereino (a local Afar worker) on February 10, 2016 at a locality known as Miro Dora, Mille district of the Afar Regional State. The specimen was exposed ‘on the surface and further investigation of the area resulted in the recovery of the rest of the cranium. "I couldn't believe my eyes when | spotted the rest of the cranium. It was a eureka moment and a dream come true," said Haile- Selassie. Geology and age determination In a companion paper published in the same issue of Nature, Beverly Saylor of Case Western Reserve University and her colleagues determined the age of the fossil as 3.8 million years by dating minerals in layers of volcanic rocks nearby. They mapped the dated levels to the fossil site using field observations and the chemistry and magnetic properties of rock layers. Saylor and her colleagues combined the field observations with analysis of microscopic biological remains to reconstruct the landscape, vegetation and hydrology where MRD died. The cranium was discovered in 2016 at Miro Dora, Mille district of the Afar Regional State in Ethiopia. Credit: © Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Cleveland Museum of Natural History MED was found in the sandy deposits of a delta where a river entered a lake. The river likely originated in the highlands of the Ethiopian plateau while the lake developed at lower elevations where rift activity caused the Earth surface to stretch and thin, creating the lowlands of the Afar region. Fossil pollen grains and chemical remains of fossil plant and algae that are preserved in the lake and delta sediments provide clues about the ancient environmental conditions. Specifically they indicate that the watershed of the lake was mostly dry but that there were also forested areas on the shores of the delta or along the side the river that fed the delta and lake system. "MRD lived near a large lake in a region that was dry. We're eager to conduct more work in these deposits to understand the environment of the MRD specimen, the relationship to climate change and how it affected human evolution, if at all," said Naomi Levin, a co-author on the study from University of Michigan Anew face inthe crowd Australopithecus anamensis is the oldest known member of the genus Australopithecus. Due to the cranium's rare near-complete state, the researchersidentified never-before-seen facial | SEPTEMBER 2019 | For Free Download: vH-v GESTS features in the species. "MRD has a mix of primitive and derived facial and cranial features that | didn't expect to see on a single individual,” Haile-Selassie said. Some characteristics were shared with later species, while others had more in common with those of even older and more primitive early human ancestor groups such as Ardipithecus and Sahelanthropus. "Until now, we had a big gap between the earliest-known human ancestors, which are about 6 million years old, and specieslike 'Lucy,' which are two to three million years old. One of the most exciting aspects of this discovery is how it bridges the morphological space between these two groups," said Melillo A composite of the 3.8 million-yeat of Australopithecus anamensis and its facial morphology reconstruction. Credit: Human ancestor photomontage by Jennifer Taylor, courtesy of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Facial reconstruction by John Gurche, made possible through a generous contribution bySusan and George Klein. old cranium ‘Among the most important findings was the team's conclusion that A. anamensis and its descendant species, the well-known A. afarensis, coexisted for a period of at least 100,000 years. This finding contradicts the long- held notion of an anagenetic relationship between these two taxa, instead supporting a branching pattern of evolution. Melillo explains "We used to think that A. anamensis gradually turned into A. afarensis over time. We still think that these two species had an ancestor- descendent relationship, but this new discovery suggests that the two species were actually living together in the Afar for quite some time. It changes our understanding of the evolutionary process and brings up new questions—were these animals competing for food or space?” This conclusion is based on the assignment of the 3.8-million-year-old MRD to A. anamensis and the 3.9-million-year-old hominin cranial fragment commonly known as the Belohdelie frontal, to A. afarensis. The Belohdelie frontal was discovered in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia by a team of paleontologists in 1981, but its taxonomic status has been questioned in the intervening years. The new MRD cranium enabled the researchers to characterize frontal morphology in A. anamensis for the first time and to recognize that these features differed from the morphology common to the Belohdelie frontal and to other cranial specimens already known for Lucy's species. As a result, the new study confirms that the Belohdelie frontal belonged to an individual of Lucy's species. This identification extends the earliest record of A. afarensis back to 3.9 million years ago, while the discovery of MRD nudges the last appearance date of A, anamensis forward to 3.8 million years—indicating the overlap period of atleast 100,000 years. HSM CSS Times Sarat eed aeneoe uesyo International Borel Paper I | Paper IlHM ESAS (gy) FEDERAL PUBLIC (©) Sermcccomssiox FPSC CSS CE-2018 Renort Examiners! assessment reports for Central Superior Services (CSS) Competitive Examination (CE) 2018 are being posted by FPSC for general information and guidance of candidates. Extracts of observations of the Examiners on the candidates’. performance in. compulsory and optional papers under CSS Competiti Examination 2018 are given below: A. Observations of Examiners regarding the Compulsory Subjects: Essay: Candidates were at their best in topics involving critical and subjective approachi.e. in topics like Democracy in Pakistan Hopes and Hurdles, Rule of Law, Safeguarding Human Rights & Civil Liberties during Fight against Terrorism and Corruption etc. On the other hand, in topics that were of objective nature (Global Warming / CPEC), reliance on crammed knowledge, dull monotony and repetition of stereotypical information was observed. A significant number of the candidates did not have a clear sense of the essentials of a comprehensive essay or the features which differentiate an essay from other forms of writing. Candidates must know about the qualities of a standard Essay and the standard ‘expected by the Commission in the Competitive Exam. GK-I (General Science & Ability): Most candidates had a gap in their knowledge of space sciences. Majority lacked analytical skills required for section-II of the paper. Many did not even know the direction of a simple compass, confusing North with South and East with West. Some were not familiar with even elementary mathematical skills. Candidates are advised that their answers should be precise, neat, clean, readable and no extra, unnecessary explanation was required from them. Extra care must be taken while selecting a question toanswer.HM ESAS Candidates iS hould J elaborate their HJ answers using graph/diagram/ table where required Answers of all parts of a question should be systematic and cohesive; not written randomly in scattered places of different pages. catia ela Viel aor AACE Overall the attempt of the| paper by candidates was satisfactory. It] was. observed expression was descriptive and general in nature. The! candidates) tried to write] more and more! instead of remaining to the point and focused. Some of the candidates' handwriting and usage of English language and grammar was very poor. Future candidates are advised to cover contemporary topics in newspapers / magazines and research articles on daily basis. Apart from the national newspapers, consulting international media would also be beneficial for awareness of alternative opinions. The understanding of the subject was very poor. It seemed as if the candidates had never consulted good textbooks and had relied only on Superficial information despite the availability of prescribed syllabus and the recommended books by FPSC. Students were totally unaware of ees smc the modern issues as welll as historical perspective in the field; hence, the attempt of the questions demonstrated lack of understanding The importance of proper study before the examination cannot be stressed enough, B. Observations of Examiners regarding the Optional Subjects: adeeb Asin Performance of candidates was found to be average. Majority of the candidates were confused while attempting the questions that indicated lack of critical thinking / analytical approach. Candidates were found to be better in numerical aspects of their answers. Candidates are advised to enhance their technical/analytical skills and also improve their theoretical knowledge and understanding of the subject. They should also try to manage time properly to attempt required number of questions within thestipulatedtime. The candidates were asked to discuss the status of current serious issues of climate change, food security, malnutrition, deforestation and ecosystem improvement; and to offer workable solutions for public and private sectors saree agaKM GSAS through integration of science and technology. Most of the candidates were aware of these problems and displayed good effort of brain storming. In the topic of Biotechnology, most of the candidates showed poor and superficial knowledge. The candidates are advised to learn about current issues using all available resources. Anthropology: Most of the candidates were poor in English in terms of spelling and grammar. There Anthropology (ie lack (a conceptual clarity. Some of them failed to allocate proper time to each question. CSS candidates should have the capability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical issues. Most candidates were non- ‘Serious, but some exceptional candidates were able to relate anthropological knowledge/findings with practical issues of Pakistan and produced good answers depicting the real social situation. Candidates are recommended to go through comprehensive study of anthropological concepts for improving their analytical skills and applying them on practical issues to understand social structure and culture of Pakistan. Applied Mathematics: The performance was not satisfactory. Botany: The performance of the candidates, especially in questions on Genetics and Evolution, was poor. Candidates lacked critical thinking mainly because of the education system in the country, which promotes learning of facts, Candidates ‘only know one use of information which they have learned and don't try to think that information may be used in a number of ways to solve different problems. HSM CSS Times British History: The performance of the candidates was by and large fairly good & satisfactory. It was observed thatsome ofthe attempts were too bookish, merely reproducing facts and figures without going into depth and lacking analytical skill Others confined themselves to generalization. The candidates are advised to be argumentative & evaluative while dealing with the facts in the field of history in particular. Business Administration: The major reason behind poor performance was lack of conceptual clarity and critical thinking ability. Candidates were unable to connect Spey remember to jasked. Candidates ierical questions. lly on past papers Administration bing of brandsand inthis paper was lear. The standard ish Language was s were simple but attempt these led to prolong the answers of theoretical questions by writing irrelevant stories / material. Some candidates have shown exceptional performance. Computer Science (Paper- B): General observation was the lack of expression and discussion of too many irrelevant details in attempting the questions. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their depth of knowledge on a given topic; secondary discussions should not overshadow the primaryKM GSAS themes of the questions. Too much focus on secondary details and ambiguous/generic statements reflects lack of confidence in crisply and explicitly stating what is required, Candidates intending to undertake the Competitive Examination in future are recommended to ensure an appropriate expression of facts in terms of grammar, sentence structure and crisply state what is asked for by the secondary details. Criminol og) ie h e understanding ° f criminological concepts in its true sense was lacking. The answers were not up to the mark, ‘serious grammatical errors were observed and some answer books were pathetic. Candidates relied on local books instead of consulting books written by foreign authors. However, overall response of the candidates was encouraging. Economics (Paper-I): Candidates relied on short cut solutions and did not prepare the whole course/syllabus. There was hardly any attempt to comprehend the concepts. There isa lack of training for critical thinking and the habit of lifetime learning is absent. Economi c s (Paper- An overview of the answer-sheets reflected that most of the applicants had not made any serious effort in the subject of economics. Candidates know nothing about structural changes in the economy in the process of economic development. The candidates should make a comprehensive effort during preparation for examination and review recent economic surveys as well as world development indicators. English Literature: Most of the candidates who opted for English Literature were incapable of even writing correct English. Majority did not know the skills of developing an argument. Instead of writing a logical answer to the given questions, they merely gave a summary of the work. Candidates seem to be severely lacking in critical thinking skills. European History: The overall performance seems to be quite dismal. The major issue was their communicati ele AeA ote of training in t b& \ i chats eee = WihoisWho is the major MAY YeraN Ay iYcza reason for poor writing skills. Many candidates have written in headings or bullets, hence, they come up with any cogent argument. Most relied on memorized factual information and reproduced it. HistoricalHV GESTS analysis is conspicuously missing in their answers. Environmental Scienc Overall performance of candidates was not ae ae] Satisfactory. Candidates gave the 4.) imeression that ENVIRONMENTAL te’ 220, Not NYIRONN have even the Scuen@e. yi oe te 4 WA knowledge about the environment. In the question relating to smog, candidates tried to provide all irrelevant information and giving the impression that they just wanted to fill the answer books. Governance & Public Policies: Majority of the candidates attempted the paper in such a way that ideas were not coherent, organized and focused on the question. Candidates lacked the knowledge and creativity which might be J expected from the candidates of css Examination. Almost all the scripts were full of grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Overall, the standard of scripts was highly unsatisfactory. Geography: Substantial improvement is needed in the standard of English language, spellings, grammar and comprehension. Some candidates wrote ‘draft’ instead of ‘drought’ and ‘earthquack' instead of ‘earthquake’; displaying abysmal ENYIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Cees linguistic capability. CSS officers must have working knowledge of Geography of Pakistan, the country they are expected to serve and representat the international level. Geology: Except a few, most of the answers were of extremely poor quality. It seems that majority of the candidates have no $3 ERS knowledge of the subject Drawing figures is very importantinthe subject but moos t candidates er haven't drawn at all, or have drawn poorly However, few candidates performed better. Gender Studies: The overall performance of the candidates was. poor. The weakest part in most papers was poor/incorrect language, incorrect spellings, grammar and structure of the sentences. Majority of the candidates were not well versed with the contents of Gender Studies and were subject illiterate, Candidates lacked the skills of building/establishing an argument and supporting it with examples as well as relevant material. History of USA: Reading habit, hard work and writing practice was widely missing in the answer sheets. The overall impression of the candidates showed very low standard. They opted for general (CCTo Ke 119220) oe General Ability MCQs Te General Knowledge Pakistan Studies Islamic Studies Current Affairs Geography Mathematics = English g Urdu Everyday Science Computer Skills PMS General Knowledge Papers Solved MCQs with Explanation Sea ea PPSC New Syllabus for Model Papers yp Qbjecive Ca Questions aie CORSO mk ea ATH AL ~ GenerlKnowedge Serres dL Sects rs er = Urdu rer Soom PLUS BONUS Reman en ener) See usc ici) We aS fells Latest Papers 2018-19HM SSA questions demanding discussion and comments merely without mention of historical facts and figures. Majority was unable to analyze the global impact of historical process with special reference to Pakistan. Mainly the understanding Of history, critical analysis, communication in English and repetition of ideas were the problems of the majority of the candidates. Principally the candidates could not utilize their knowledge and writing power. Most of the candidates consulted the B\ | substandard BN books and guides for ion. Credible detailed academicwritings werenotstudied. History of Pakistan and India: The candidates had good preparation to appear in the Competitive Examination but large number of candidates were non-serious. Many deficiencies and shortcomings in understanding of the subject were viewed during marking of the scripts. The candidates either did not know how ‘to attempt the questions or lacked in depth knowledge to attempt the questions. Relevant answers were missing; most responses were based on lir -d or superficial knowledge of the subject. The candidates lacked critical thinking which is required in the subject of history. Internatio n a I Relations (Paper-A): Overall Pees Specific deficiency, other than knowledge of the subject mostly related to the English language and expression. Most of the candidates described the terms, neo-realism and constructivism but failed to present points of divergence and convergence. Candidates described determinants of Pakistan's strategic culture without providing any proper definition of the term “strategic culture” and provided irrelevant facts about Globalization without focusing on its impacts on national culture and politics. They also seemed unfamiliar with the concepts of strategic culture and pre-emptive self-defense. Approach and content in answers was similar, reflecting the reliance on CSS academies instead of own id /thinking International Fie & Culture: General performance of the candidates was poor, Level of knowledge was below average and analytical sense was missing. One of the major weaknesses was the ability to express in English language. International Law: Overall performance was not up to the mark. Poor written English was a major issue. Most candidates failed to understand the questions, hence, resorted to hypothetical and irrelevant answers without reference to the relevant legal provisions. In some cases, the candidates left their answer sheets blank and mixed stories in the answer sheets ironically. Some tried to duplicate the question paper in the answer sheets and it seemed that they sat in the exam just for fun. Journalism & Mass Communication:HM ESAS Majority of the candidates had not seriously studied the subject. The questions of || general nature SSL Y] were attempted co rN by every y candidate and rae were main v marks catching option. The question paper turned out to be relatively more subject specific rather than general in nature. Itis a good trend in a way that Media studies must be taken as a subject requiring scholarship and serious attention of the candidates owing to its growing significance in the contemporary world. Law: A significant number of candidates reproduced superficial answers without understandi ng the requirement s of questions. Some candidates never tried to elaborate the answer, which is important for the subjective examination. Many scripts contained countless spelling mistakes and grammar blunders. Very few candidates tried to answer the relevant material, rest only wasted paper for nothing significant. Relevance of answer is vital for an exam of this standard and requires thorough study of relevant positive law and case law. Mercantile Law: Candidates could not understand the questions. They attempted it without considering what was Cees actually being asked in the question. This was the major problem throughout the papers Irrelevance, lack of clear concepts and reproduction of crammed material were some of the issues. Muslim Law and Jurisprudenc Candidates are supposed to read the original course material prescribed/recommended but the candidates relied on guides/notes for their preparation. This trend needs to be discouraged. The questions were drawn from the books recommended by the Commission but the answer did not possess any qualitative resemblance with the source material as if candidates could not identify the origin of the questions. Candidates at this level are expected to write lucid, relevant and logical answers demonstrating their analytical skills. This cannot be done unless candidates turn towards the recommended/prescribed course material. They remained unsuccessful in hig ig the formative role of Pre-Arabic customs in development of Islamic Law and their main thrust had been to criticize the Pre-Arabic bad customs. Not comprehending (ee accra rtectneewet the question properly was bound to impact adversely on the quality of answers and that was manifested evidently. Political a Peete Muslim Law 7 JurisprudenceHMEY acs) Science (Paper-A): The general standard of the answers was extremely poor with few exceptions. The problem was poor understanding of the subject, Possible low standard of teaching in educational institutes and non- seriousness of the candidates. Poor, illegible handwriting of the candidates creates problems for examiners. Some candidates combined answers of all 4-5 questions, whichis not appropriate. Psychology: Assessment of copies indicated that some ofthe candidates were well prepared, showing competent abilities and thorough insight answering the questions deeming them able candidates for appointment. Examining some of the copies showed reproduction of bookish material with no skills of creative witting. Some of the candidates even used irrelevant material. Candidates should take competitive exam seriously. They should develop ability to analyze theories and questions thoroughly. Philosophy: The overall performance of the candidates was poor or below average. Most candidates lacked proper background of philosophy & philosophical problems and gave the impression that they have never been exposed to. philosophy. However, some Co) hinted wloitere Philosophy displayed excellent performance. They need to be careful while answering the questions. Philosophy cannot be self-taught, it needs mentoring and hard work. One cannot venture into it without proper background. Physics (Paper-lI): The overall performance of the candidates was poor. Only about 5% candidates performed well and responded with the correct and relevant answers whereas the remaining provided irrelevant and poor answers. Majority of the candidates failed to provide required knowledge/facts and analysis. Specific deficiency was observed in solving the numerical questions. The examiner recommended that the candidates must consult recommended books instead of using guide books/notes for performing betterin the subject. Physics (Paper: Irrelevant answers were written in response to questions. This was due to lack ° f understanding of the subject. Majority of the candidates failed to solve correctly the numerical problems which showed lack of proper and serious preparation. In some cases it appeared that the candidates sit in CSS Exam just for fun. They either leave their answer sheets as blank or resort to irrelevant details. Some of the candidates forgot to write question number correctly which he/she has attempted that makes problems in properly marking/evaluating the paper. Pure Mathematics: Knowledge of candidates who appeared in this paper was very poor, They did not know the basics of Mathematics. Public Administration: Theaspirants' breadth of knowledge and cod PHYSICS sarees eeeunderstanding of the course contents were good. Majority of aspirants were lacking in understanding about the historical perspective of Public Administration, To address the issue, aspirants may be encouraged to study historical perspective or evolution of the relevant subject. Few aspirants lacked in the ability to apply content knowledge to circumstances/situations postulated within the question paper. Aspirant must learn or be aware of the requirements of the scenarios being given in the question paper. Similarly, few aspirants were grammatically so weak that they could even not write a single sentence correctly. Punjabi sure(SHTaaES PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIO Most of the candidates prepared for the exam by using guide books and answered without understanding the nature of questions. Persian: Persian is a very easy language. Its grammar is also quite concise. Our entire educational and cultural heritage is also stored in this language. Most of the candidates answered in Urdu instead of Persian which is not acceptable at all. Sociology: The General performance of the candidates in this examination was good. However, there were few candidates who appeared for the sake of fun or were non-serious. Writing power has declined. Statistics: Overall, the general performance of the candidates was not good. Statistics is a technical subject whereas most of the candidates tried to answer even the subjective part in routine, everyday writing. Candidates who have good grip over graduate level Statistics have performed well and most of the candidates who never tried to read even graduate level books on Statistics obtained poor marks. Zoology: The overall performance of the candidates appearing in Zoology was assessed thoroughly. The general impression was that the attempt by most of the candidates was average. Drafting and spelling mistakes were common errors, Another impression was that candidates answered questions without understanding of what was. asked which ultimately diverted their discussion in a direction that was not relevant. Papers with poor hand writing were difficult to read. The candidates appearing in the competitive examination are advised to focus upon their weaknesses in preparation, writing skills, grammar and spelling errors. 2016-2019 (mivewe 7ISM New Arrival ou [ET Ayres CSS Past Papers CSSmca COMPULSORY SUBJECTS Solved MCQs with Explanation and latest Development \ Why a be "Le ‘salad Ar) Nae nN Nf ae ii iy Kabir Street Urdu Bazar, Lahore Phone: 042-373532510 www.hsmpublishers.com www.ilmikitabkhana.comHM SSA (a) Israel (b) Pakistan ()North Korea (a)tran Answer: (b) Pakistan has successfully carried out the night training launch of Ghaznavi, a surface to surface ballistic_missile. Earlier in May, Pakistan cond a successful training launch of Shaheen-Il, a surface-to-surface ballistic missile, In January, Pakistan witnesses another eens) B= successful launch of the tactical ballistic missile Nasr as part of the Army Strategic Forces Command training exercise. Ghaznavi Missile The Ghaznavi is a short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile. With its successful launch, it will join Pakistan's Ghauri and Shaheen series of medium-range ballistic missiles. Shaheen III has the longest range of 2,750 km. (a) China (b) Russia eeHM SSA (c) Australia (d) india ‘Answer: (b) President Donald Trump renewed calls to readmit Russia to the G-7 ahead of the global group of industrialized nations’ summit in Biarritz, France. The group once known as the G- 8 included the U.S., Canada, the UK., France, Italy, Germany, Japan and Russia — but was cut downto the 6-7 in 2014 following Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea. “I've gone to numerous G- 7 meetings, and | guess President Obama, because Putin outsmarted him, President Obama thought it wasn't a good thing to have Russia in so he wanted Russia out. | think it's much more appropriate to have Russia in and it should be the G-8,” Trump said, referencing the U.S.-led role in suspending Russia's involvement with the group. 3) Which country will be the host of G7 summit 2020? (a)Germany {b) United Kingclom (o)Japan (d) United states Answer: (d) The US is next up to host the G7 in 2020. Trump said while he hasn't made a final decision on where to host the summit, officials "haven't found anything that's even close to competing with it." Trump was meeting German Chancellor Angela Merkel at the G7 in Biarritz, France, as he highlighted the pros of hosting the summit at his club, saying that it could "handle whatever happens" and repeated several times that it is a short drive to Miami's international airport. Trump said that the administration has looked at 12 different sites for the summit, but said his Doral-Miami club is the best choice in terms of location and infrastructure. The Washington Post first reported in June that Trump was looking at hosting the next G7 at his Doral club. 4) Which country rejected the $22 million G7 aid to fight Amazon rainforest fire? (a) Argentina (b)Chile (c)Brazil (d) Bolivia Answer: (c) Brazil's government has said it will reject an offer of aid worth millions of dollars from G7 countries tohelp fight raging fires in the Amazon rainforest, claiming it has the blazes under control. Brazilian officials gave no official reason for rejecting the group's offer, and it was not immediately clear if Britain and Canada's offers of aid had also been declined. About 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest is in Brazil; although the vast forest also spans parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Suriname.The developments came as data released showed that hundreds of new fires have flared up in Brazil's portion of the Amazon rainforest in recent days. Some 1,113 new fires were ignited across Saturday and Sunday, according to Brazil's National Institute for SpaceResearch (INPE), which monitors deforestation. 5) Which city will host the Indo Pacific Chiefs of Defence (CHOD) Conference 2019? (a) Beijing (b) Bangkok (c) Kuala Lumpur (d) Singapore City Answer: (b) The 2019 Indo Pacific Chiefs of Defence (CHOD) Conference will be held in Thailand's capital city Bangkok. The Chiefs of Defense Conference isan annual conference of the chiefs of defense of the ations in the Asia-Pacific region. These conferences bring. together senior military leaders from regional nations to meet and discuss mutual security challenges, improve mutual relationships and foster security cooperation. 6) Which country recently requested the United Nations to call back all peacekeepers from the country by June 2020? (a) Algeria (b) Sudan (c) Turkey (¢) Myanmar Answer: (b) Pees smc Sudan urged the UN Security Council to lift its suspension of troop withdrawals and ensure all peacekeepers leave Darfur by June 2020, but the African Union said overall security in the vast western region "remains volatile." Sudan's UN Ambassador Omer Mohamed Siddig told the council it's time to shift from peacekeeping to peacebuilding in Darfur, and to end restrictions on the government's movement of arms and troops in and out of the region.in late June, the Security Council voted unanimously to put the brakes on the withdrawal of the joint UN-African Union peacekeeping force from Darfur as the country dealt with a political crisis. it extended the mandate of the force, known as UNAMID, until October 31, and it asked the UN and AU to make recommendations by September 30 on what the council should do about continuing the withdrawal. The Darfur conflict began in 2003 when ethnic Africans rebelled, accusing the Arab-dominated Sudanese government of discrimination. The government in Khartoum was accused of retaliating by arming local nomadic Arab tribes and unleashing them on civilian populations a charge it denies. In recent years, as the result of a successful government military campaign, the rebellion has been reduced toa rebel Sudan Liberation Army faction headed by Abdul Wahid Elnur in Jebel Marra. In July 2018, the Security Council voted to dramatically cut the UNAMID force in response to reduced fighting and improved security conditions. The target for ending the mission is June 30, 2020. 7 When is the Women's Equality Day observed? (a) August 25 (b) August 24 (c) August 23KM GSAS (d) August 26 Answer: (d) ‘On August 26, Women's Equality Day honors the hard-fought victory of the women's suffrage movement. But the holiday might not exist if one representative's mother hadn't convinced him to cast the deciding vote to pass the 19th amendment. Women's suffrage took nearly one century to fully realize, but time never moved as slowly as it did between the amendment's passage in Congress in 1919 andiits introduction as a federal law in 1920. tt all came down to a single vote in the Tennessee legislature on ‘August 18, 1920. For amendments to pass then, three-fourths of the 48:states at the timeneeded to ratify it within their own governments. Tennessee, which would've been the 36th state to pass it, was gridlocked. Harry T. Burn, a 24- year-old state representative, had planned to vote against the amendment. But in his pocket, he kept a letter from his mother Feb, who'd asked him to "be a good boy" and vote for the amendment that would grant her the right to vote for legisiators like her son, according to the National Constitution Center. So he did, And with his "Aye," the 19th Amendment passed nationwide, "knew that a mother's advice is always safest for a boy to follow, and my mother wanted me to vote for ratification," he said, according to the National Constitution Center. After attempts to delay it, Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby signed it into law at his home ‘on August 26, though he denied notable suffragettes Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt's requests to film the signing. It was a quiet but hard-earned win for the women's rights movement. Rep. Bella Abzug called on Congress to commemorate the date the amendment was passed, and in 1971, "Women's Equality Day" was born. 8) Whose 109th birth anniversary was ‘commemorated on August 26,2019? (a) Lady Diana (b) Queen Elizabeth ()Mother Teresa (d) Madame Curie Answer: (c) Mother Teresa's 109th birth anniversary was commemorated across the world on August 26, 2019. Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910, Mother Teresa came to India in 1929 and worked for the welfare of the poorest of the poor as well as the homeless, orphan children and people dying from terminal illness such as HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. Mother Teresa, whose original name was Anjeze Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. Mother Teresa was born in Skopje (current capital of North Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. She left her home at the age of 18 and moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life. Mother Teresa devoted most of her life working for poor and downtrodden. 9) Which country awarded Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi ‘The king Hamad Order of the Renaissance’? (a) Bahrain (b) UAE (c)Israel (d)Sudan. Answer: (a) Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been awarded the King Hamad Order of theRenaissance by Bahrain's King Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa in recognition of his efforts to strengthen bilateral relations, Modi, the first indian prime minister to visit Bahrain, received the honour when he called/on the king of Bahrain. The Indian PM arrived in the capital city of Manama after concluding his UAE visit where he was conferred with highest civilian award. 10) A raging fire has engulfed this rainforest, which contributes to about 20percentofthe earth's produces 20 percent of the world’s oxygen. However, the figure—which has earned the forest the title “lungs of the Earth”—is a gross overestimate. As several scientists have pointed out in recent days, the Amazon's net contribution to the oxygen we breathe likely hovers around zero. For every batch of carbon dioxide molecules trees pull out of the air, they push a comparable number of oxygen molecules back out. Given that the atmosphere contains less than half a percent of carbon dioxide, but 21 percent oxygen, it's not possible for the Amazon to generate that much oxygen.Several scientists have come up with more accurate estimates. Yadvinder Malhi, an ecosystem ecologist at Oxford University's Environmental Change Institute, bases his calculations on a 2010 study that estimates tropical forests are responsible for around 34 percent of photosynthesis occurring on land. Based on its size, the Amazon would account for about half of that. That would mean the Amazon generates around 16 percent of ‘oxygen produced on land, explains Malhi, who detailed his calculations in a recent blog post. That percentage sinks to 9 percent when taking into account the oxygen produced by phytoplankton in the ocean. (Climate scientist Jonathan Foley, who directs the non-profit (alamszon AMAZON RAINFOREST (oie —— IN NUMBERS— ()Congo (d) New Guinea Answer: (a) French President Emmanuel Macron tweeted on Aug. 22 that "the Amazon rain forest—the lungs which produces 20 percent of our planet's oxygen—is on fire." The oft-repeated claim that the Amazon rainforest produces 20 percent of our planet's (usu oxygen is based on a jumper misunderstanding. As the news of fires raging in the Amazon spread across the world, so did a misleading yet oft- repeated claim about the rainforest's importance: that it ey ote) ofthe earth's fe retire | produced here | Veneru coer fois a Te eT nea ra Re ukeAamer Shahzad Kabir Street Urdu Bazar, Lahore Phone: 042-373532510HSM New Arrival Plan Earlys Start Early! Get Ahead> Stay Ahead! Objective Murshid Salam Murshidestimate of 6 percent). (a) Okjokull (b) Sesami ()Milami (d) Sumatra Answer:(a) Iceland unveiled a plaque to its) Okjokull ice sheet, the first of the country's hundreds of glaciers to melt away due to climate change. Scientists see the shrinking of glaciers as one of many warning signs that the earth's climate is lurching toward dangerous tipping points. A ceremony to unveil the plaque was attended by scientists and locals at the glacier in west-central Iceland, which in 2014 no longer fulfilled the criteria to be classified as a glacier after melting throughout the 20th century. “Ok (Okjokull) is the first Icelandic glacier to lose its status as a glacier. in the next 200 years all our glaciers are expected to follow the same path. According to satellite images from the NASA Earth Observatory, the glacier appeared as a solid-white patch in 1986, but in an image from August 1 this year, only small dashes of white ice remained. All of the Nordic countries comprise Arctic territories, where climate change has gone from theoretical predictions of the future to everyday reality. (a)Russia (b) India (c)China (d) Saudi Arabia Answer: (b) According to a new analysis by Greenpeace, India is the largest emitter of SO, in the world with more than 15% of all the anthropogenic sulphur dioxide (SO,) hotspots detected by NASA OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellite. Almost all of these emissions in India are because of coal burning. (a)Bhutan (b) Thailand (c) UAE INDIA IS THE WORLD'S = PCy lh pte) 413) 3HV GES (d)Japan Answer: (c) Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has received the United Arab Emirates's (UAE) highest civilian honour, a move that has sparked outrage among rights activists over his government's clampdown on the Muslinn- majority Kashmir region administered by New Delhi. Modi was awarded the Order of Zayed medal_by the UAE's crown. prince, Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, known by his initials MBZ, during 2 visit to the capital Abu Dhabi, reinforcing ties between the two countries. MBZ personally put the gold medal around Modi's neck, with a portrait of Sheilkh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the UAE'S first president after whom the order is named, displayed behind them. 14) US President Donald Trump recently showed interest in buying which nation? (a) Iceland (b) Ireland ()Cuba (d) Greenland Answer: (d) US President Donald Trump has confirmed his interest in buying Greenland from Denmark, saying the area was "strategically" interesting. Denmark and Greenland have repeatedly stressed the territory is not for sale.The president, a former real estate magnate, has been curious about the area's natural resources and geopolitical relevance. The US military has operated for decades from Thule Air Base in Greenland. The northern-most US base is part of the military's global network of radars and other sensors to provide ballistic missile warning and space surveillance. 15) What is the name of new Android version launched by Google on August 22,2019? (a) Android Pie (b) Android 10 (c)Android Cake (d) Android ‘Answer: (b) Android 10 was officially released on September 3, 2019 for supported Google Pixel devices. For Free Download:HM ESAS il Officially known as “Android 10,” the forthcoming launch will be markedly different from years past. Googleis using this year's release to significantly update the operating system's brand and naming scheme. Moving forward, “android” will just be followed by a version number. This tradition of naming major releases with desserts dates back to Android 1.6 Cupcake in 2009. That was followed up by 1.6 Donut, 2.0 Eclair, 2.2 Froyo, 2.3 Gingerbread, 3.0 Honeycomb, 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich, 4.1 Jelly Bean, 4.4 KitKat, 5.0 Lollipop, 6.0 Marshmallow, 7.0 Nougat, 8.0 Oreo, and 9 Pie. “Android 10” is shorter and cleaner, and Google did explain to us how it came up with possible Q dessert names. However, one primary reason the Android maker decided to move away from tradition was how past confectionary and pastry names were not universally known or understood. For example, pie is not considered a dessert around the world. 16) Which nation has unveiled a domestically-built Bavar-373 missile defense system despite sanctions? (a) North Korea (b)tran (c)South Korea (d) Russia Answer: (b) The Bavar-373 is a long-range mobile air defense system which was unveiled in August 2016. Bavar means "belief" and 373 is the Abjad number of The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad's name. Iran is said to have launched the project in 2010 after Russia suspended a $900 million deal signed in 2007 to deliver the 5-300 complex. The agreement was put on hold after the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1929 that banned the sale of weapons to Tehran. 17) Which country has launched a rocket carrying a life-sized robot to International Space Station? (a)us (b) Germany (c) France (d) Russia Answer: (d) Russia has launched a life- humanoid robot into space for the first time to carry out tasks considered too dangerous for humans.The Skybot F-850 started its journey to the International Space Station (ISS) when it lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz MS-14 spacecraft. The unpiloted spacecraft, which is expected to reach the ISS morning London time, was launched using a Soyuz-2.1a carrier rocket, which it has now separated from.Known as Fedor, the Skybot was developed by Russia's Androidnaya TechnikaHM GEA spaceflight conditions.As well as being used in hazardous areas, the robot will work as an “assistant,” supplementing astronauts’ duties and carrying out repairs and maintenance work when thereisnocrew. Operators can direct Fedor, which is 1.8 meters tall and weighs around 352 pounds, using a computer or control suit, but the machine can also work autonomously. Soyuz MS-14 will deliver scientific equipment as well as medication, food supplies and packages for crew membersto thelSS. 18) Which organization recently released a report ‘Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis’? (a) UNESCO (b) UNICEF (c) WHO (d) World Bank Answer: (d) Quality Unknown : The Invisible Water Crisis. The World Bank Group released 20 August 2019. The report calls for a paradigm shift that ‘emphasizes safer, and often more cost-effective remedies that prevent pollution by combining ‘smarter policies with newer technologies. A key message of Quality Unknown is that such solutions exist and change is possible.Using new ‘data, this report demonstrates the importance of water quality across a range of sectors and how itsimpacts cut acrossnearly all ofthe SDGs. Deteriorating water quality has emerged as a threat to global health, sustainability, and development. While the global focus has largely been on water quantity given the intensifying levels of scarcity, the quality of water is just as important and poses a growing challenge as a CU ana HSM CSS Times countries industrialize, urbanize, and populations grow. Although not fully quantified, the impact of poor water quality on human development and the environment is likely to be very large. Unsafe drinking water causes more deaths than all forms of violence and war combined, and is responsible fora larger number of deaths of children and adults under the age of 24 than air pollution. 19) British Prime Minister Boris Johnson has finalized which date for Brexit? (a) September 30th (b) October 1st (c) October 31st (d) November 30th Answer: © BORIS JOHNSON has pledged to deliver Brexit with or without a deal on October 31. Please use the sharing tools found via the share button at the top or side of articles. Copying articles to share with othersis a breach of FT.com T&Cs and Copyright Policy. Email licensing@ft.com to buy additional rights. Subscribers may share up to 10 or 20 articles per month using the gift article service. The EU agreed in April to extend the Article 50 process until October 31. At the time the EU Council president Donald Tusk pleaded with Britain's political leaders notto “waste this time”. But the intervening months have been taken up with the Conservative party's lengthy campaign to elect anew leader — and UK prime minister — leaving relatively little time to reopen negotiations with the EU or to secure the support of parliament for a reworked withdrawal deal. With the EU set to start a new five year political cycle and new leaders including European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen set to take office in November, the deadline is not arbitrary. Brussels is desperate to move on fromHM GSAS becoming no-deal Brexit day. (a) Measles {(b) Chicken pox (c) Malaria (d) Cholera Answer: (a) Measles outbreaks continue to. spread rapidly around the world, according to the latest preliminary reports provided to the World Health Organization (WHO), with millions of people globally at risk of the disease. In the first six months of 2019, reported measles cases are the highest they have been in any year since 2006, with outbreaks straining health care systems, and leading to serious illness, disability, and deaths in many parts of the world. There have been almost three times as many cases reported to date in 2019 as there were at this same time last year. This follows successive yearly increases since 2016, indicating a concerning and continuing upsurge in the overall measles burden worldwide, Major outbreaks are ‘ongoing in Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Philippines, South Sudan, Sudan and Thailand. Whatis measles? Measles is a viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs that spreads when an infected person breathes, coughs or sneezes. Whatare the symptoms of measles? Measles symptoms usually appear 10-12 days after infection. The virus causes fever and a distinctive rash that starts on the face and spreads over the whole body. Severe complications include blindness, encephalitis (brain swelling) and death. Howcontagiousis measles? Measles is more contagious than Ebola, and lingers in the air and on surfaces for long periods of time. You can catch measles simply by being in the same room as someone infected with measles, even two hours after the person left. Howismeaslestreated? There are no specific treatments for measles, only measures to help alleviate the symptoms (such as over-the-counter painkillers and fever reducers) (a)China (b) Pakistan (c) Bangladesh (d) United states eachA ent Vacancy itt You regret the things you did’nt do when you had the chance. Now! it is your chance. Grab it! a TEST PRACTICE WORK BOOK mg eed POUNCE A DE Om eae) (042) 37353510 - 37248129 - 37171280-1 cn Net oe Ie Saaaa igen sls Reece eeHM SSA Answer: (b) Accusing India of waging “fifth-generation ‘warfare’, Pakistan said New Delhi had failed to inform it about the release of water from a dam that could cause flooding across. the border. India, however, rejected the claim saying that under the terms of a water treaty between the ‘two nations it had informed Pakistan about the release of excess water late on Monday when it crossed a certain threshold, Relations between the neighbors, already hostile, have been further strained over India's decision this month to revoke the special status of its portion of the Kashmir region that both countries claim. Pakistan reacted with fury, cutting transport and trade links and expelling India's ambassador in retaliation Islamabad said the unexpected release of water into the River Sutlej that flows from India to Pakistan was part of an attempt by New Delhi to flout the longstanding treaty between the countries. A World Bank-mediated arrangement known as the Indus Water Treaty splits the Indus River and its tributaries - which 80 percent of Pakistan's irrigated agriculture depends on - between the countries. India, which lies upstream, threatened in February to stop sharing excess water with Pakistan after a suicide bomb attack by a Pakistan-based militant group in Kashmir that killed 40 indian paramilitary police. Hussain said Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had “threatened very clearly that he could stop water to Pakistan. He couldn't care less (for) the treaties”. 22) The music composer of Indian films like ‘Umrao Jaan’, ‘Bazaar’, ‘Kabhi Kabhi’ passed away recently. What washisname? (2) Omar Abdul Bhatt (b) Mohammad Khayyam (c) Amzad Hussain (d)None ofthe aboveHM GSAS Answer: (b) (On August 19 , the Veteran composer Khayyarn, best known for his music in classic films such as "Kabhi Kabhie’ and ‘Umrao Jaan’, passed away after prolonged illness at a hospital here on Monday. He was 92. 23) Which country described recent US missile test as. ‘escalation of military tensions’? (a) North Korea (b)Japan (c) Russia (d) South Korea Answer: (c) Moscow said the United States was ramping up military tensions by testing a medium-range cruise missile weeks after tearing up a pact with Russia. The US announced that it had tested a type of ground-launched missile that was banned under the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty with the Soviet Union. The missile was launched from the US Navy-contralled San Nicolas Island off the coast of California. The launch was a sign of Cees Washington beefing up its capabilities in the wake of the collapse of the INF on August 2. Many fear the end of the INF, which Washington accused Moscow of having violated in recent years, will lead to a new and dangerous nuclear arms race. The INF banned all land-based missiles, conventional and nuclear, that could travel between 500 and 5,500 kilometers, in an effort to abolish the class of nuclear arms that then most threatened Europe. The missile tested was a version of the nuclear-capable Tomahawk cruise missile. The ground-launched version of the Tomahawk was removed from service after the INF was ratified. 24) — Which country hosted the 28th BASIC Ministerial meeting on Climate Change? (a) India (b) Brazil (c)China (a) USA Answer: (b) The BASIC countries (also Basic countries or BASIC) are a bloc of four large newly industrialized countries ~ Brazil, South Africa, India and China ~ formed by an agreement on 28 November 2009. The 28th BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change was held in Brasilia and Sao Paulo, Brazil, on 14 and 16 August 2019. The meeting was chaired by Ricardo Salles, Minister of the Environment of Brazil HIGHLIGHTS . BASIC countries could play an important rolein making the Paris agreementHM ESAS accepted by all the countries. BASIC has one-third of the world's geographical area and nearly 40% of the world’s population. The BASIC Ministers expressed their concern for climate change and its adverse effects. The BASIC Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to the successful implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), its Kyoto Protocol and its Paris Agreement. They highlighted their determination to continue to work together with other Parties to further the process under the UNFCCC. BASIC countries are implementing ambitious climate action bothin the pre- 2020 period and in their proposed NDCs. They also urged developed countries to undertake ambitious actions to reduce emissions and. fulfill their financial commitments, including in the pre-2020 period. Ministers took note of the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on global warming of 1.5 °C and the Special Report onClimate Changeand Land, The BASIC Ministers urged developed countries to fulfil their climate finance commitments of mobilizing USD 100 billion annually by 2020 for developing countries in a transparent manner and onagrantbasis. Ministers noted the work of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Civil Aviation BL aa a HSM CSS Times (ICAO) on the reduction of carbon emissions . BASIC Ministers reiterated their unequivocal commitment to support the State of Palestine, as the Chair of the Group of 77 and China, with a view to strengthening the unity of the Group of 77 and China and advancing the common interests of developing nations. Which country hosts the world’s largest ission hotspot? (a)China (b) South Africa ()India (d) Russia Answer: (d) In terms of individual hotspots, the Norilsk smelter complex in Russia continues to be the largest $02 emission hotspot in the world followed by Kriel in Mpumalanga province in South Africa and Zagroz in Iran. 26) — When was World Humanitarian Day 2019 observed? (a) August 20th (b) August 18th (c) August 19th (d) August 17th Answer: (0) At the United Nations, 19 August is a day to reflect. It was on this day in 2003 that the UN building in Baghdad was hit by an enormous terrorist bomb. Most of the 22 people who died im the attack had been involved in humanitarian missions in Iraq. Among the dead was Sergio Vieira de Mello, the UN's top representative in the country. Every year, the UN commemorates the loss by observing World Humanitarian Day. What is the objective of World Humanitarian Day?S| CSS/Times eS a | firm Wy This is a day to remember the brave humanitarian workers whose daily work can involve terrible dangers and even a riskto theirlives. However, itisalsoaday to build public support for the people at the centre of this humanitarian work: the many millions of civilians around the world whose lives have been affected by conflict. Therefore, 19 August is a day to ask world leaders to commit to protecting vulnerable civilians and to do more to end conflictsin the world. Where do these conflicts exist? The UN has recently reported that, at the time of writing, the world's worst humanitarian crisis is in Yemen. Due to war and a shortage of food, it is said that up to 75 per cent of the population (that's about 22 million people) are in need of humanitarian aid and protection. Meanwhile, wars continue in Syria and South Sudan and these are just a few of the countries where conflict is forcing people to live in extreme difficulty or to become refugees. What risks do humanitarian workers face? Humanitarian workers must often risk their own lives to provide civilians with food, shelter or healthcare. Sometimes these workers are attacked by people who want to steal food or medicine. Many conflict zones also have big problems with political or terrorist groups who see humanitarian workers as an ideal target to getinternational attention. Whatis #notatarget? In recent years, the UN has promoted this online hashtag. Its message is very clear. Humanitarian workers have just one mission: to help people in need. And they should be able to do this in safe conditions. They should not be a target. At the same time, these workers travel to very dangerous places to provide aid for innocent civilians who have not chosen to live in conflict. The hashtag also implies that civilians should not beatarget. 27) Donald Trump accused which country taking advantage of the WTO's ‘developing economies' tag? (a) China and Japan (b) India and Pakistan (c) Pakistan and China (d) Indiaand China Answer: (d) Us President Donald Trump has said India and China are no longer “developing nations”, and are “taking advantage” of the tag from the WTO. He will not let it happen any more, he asserted, He further threatened to pull the US out of the WTO over what he described as the organisation's unfair treatment of his country. “They (WTO) view certain countries like China, India...as growing nations. Well, they have grown and they had tremendous advantages. We're not letting that happen any more. Everybody is1Si| CSS/Times were taking advantage of us for years and years,” he added. The US does not need the WTO if the global body fails to address loopholes that favour certain nations, he said Tariffrows Trump, championing his ‘America First! policy, has been a vocal critic of India for levying “tremendously high” duties on US products and has described the country as a “tariff king”. The US and China are currently engaged in a bruising trade war after Trump imposed punitive tariffs ‘on Chinese goods and Beijing retaliated. 28) Which playertopped Forbes magazine's list of highest-paid women player in sports category? {a.Serena Williams (b. Venus Williams (c. Naomi Osaka (d. Maria Sharapova Answer: (a) Total Earnings: $29.2 million Prize Money: $4.2 million Endorsements: $25 million Williams, 37, wants to play through at least next year but is already planning her next act with a clothing line, S by Serena, and aims to launch jewelry and beauty products lines by the end of, 2020. She has also built a venture portfolio worth more than $10million. 29) Saudi Arabia has de-recognized which nation's PG medical programmes? {a) Pakistan (b) India (c) Bangladesh (a) Malaysia Answer: (a) A significant obstacle in the way of thousands of postgraduate doctors in Pakistan who have completed MS (Doctor of Surgery) and MD (Doctor of Medicine) qualifications has been removed, as Saudi Arabia has recognised their degrees after 11 years. Because of the decision, doctors will now be able to work in Saudi Arabia andthe Guifstates. 30) Pakistan has permanently stopped which train's services to India? (a) Shimla express (b) Kartarpur express (c) Samjhauta express (d) Attari express Answer: (c) Ina decision by the Pakistan Railways Ministry, Samjhauta Express services have been permanently stopped. The decision has come after the resolution revoking Article 370 was passed by the Parliament of India. Also, Jammu and Kashmir have been made the Union Territory with Legislative Assembly, while Ladakh as Union Territory without Legislative Assembly. 31) The US has approved the sale of 12 multi-mission Seahawk helicopters to which among the following countries? (a)India4 Best Agriculture & Forestry MCQs Book For ta | CSS/PCS/PMS and Other Competitive Exams NN KS x iy Si S iS i) 5 iy 7 ew, oa: To Panel Praia L " iS Ettzisuccess Aad ne Multiple Choice QuestionsS| CSS/Times (c)israel (d) South Korea ‘Answer: (d) ‘The Seahawk is made by the Sikorsky division of U.S. defense manufacturer Lockheed Martin. The sale was approved after Trump tweeted on ‘Aug. 7 that the two countries had entered negotiations on South Korea paying for the defense umbrella the United States provides the country. 32) The United States has formalized ban fon government contracts to which Chinese company? (a) Oppo (b) Xiaomi ()Vivo (d) Huawei Answer: (d) The U.S. administration unveiled rules formally banning technology giant Huawei and other Chinese firms from government contracts, in the latest move in an escalating trade war. The interim rule will preclude any U.S. federal agency from purchasing telecom or technology equipment from the firms "as a substantial or essential component of any system, or as a critical technology as part of any system," starting August 13. The rules implement a ban included in the defense authorization act Sites rues approved by Congress earlier this year. The document said waivers may be granted "under certain circumstances" by an agency head for up to two years, or in other cases, by the director of, national intelligence. The new rules are part of a sweeping effort by President Donald Trump's inistration to restrict Huawei, which officials dl \ked to Chinese intelligence. The rules, which require a 60-day comment period, also bar contracts to Chinese firms ZTE, Hytera Communications Corporation, Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Company and Dahua Technology Company. Huawei also facesHM GEMS sanctions that bar the export of US technology to the Chinese firm on national security grounds. That ban, which has been suspended until mid-August, could prevent Huawei from getting key hardware and software including smartphone chips and key elements of the Google Android operating system. (a) Spain (b) Germany (c) Brazil (d) Italy Answer: (c) Manchester City striker Gabriel Jesus has been banned from international football for two months by CONMEBOL over his conduct in the Copa America final. Jesus scored Brazil's second goal in a 3-1 victory over Peru at the Maracana last month but was later sent off for a second bookable offence. Having received his marching orders, the forward remonstrated with Chilean referee Roberto Tobar before punching a dugout, pushing pitchside VAR equipment and retreating tothe tunnel intears. The suspension rules Jesus, who has also been fined 30,000 US dollars (£24,700), out of Brazil's friendly clashes with Colombia and Peru in September. Argentina captain Lionel Messi received a three-month ban and was fined 50,000 US dollars (£41,200) earlier this month for alleging his side had suffered “corruption” during the tournament, after he was sent off in the third-place play-off against Chile. (a)Jordan (b) Saudi Arabia (c) UAE (d) BahrainSaudi HM GEMS Authorities started to implement a landmark decision allowing women over the age of 21 to receive passports and travel abroad without permission from a male "guardian". The passport department has begun receiving applications for women aged 21 and above to issue or renew passports and to travel outside the kingdom without permission. Women in the kingdom have long required permission from their male "guardians" for these tasks, a restriction that drew international censure. The reform comes after high- profile attempts by women to escape alleged guardianship abuse despite a string of reforms by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, including a landmark decree last year that overturned the world’s only ban on women drivers. In other changes unveiled earlier this month, Saudi women were also granted the right to officially register childbirth, marriage or divorce and to be recognised as a guardian to children who are minors sameas men. {a)Dale Steyn (b) Imran Tahir {c)Hashim Amia (d) Quinton de Kock Answer: (c) South Africa batsman Hashim Amla has announced his retirement from international cricket at the age of 36. Amla is the Proteas' second-highest Test run scorer with 9,282 runs in 124 matches at an average of 46.64 with 28 centuries. He is the only South Africa batsman to score a Test triple hundred - 311 not out against England in 2012, Amla was South Africa Test captain between 2014 and 2016, the team's first permanentnon-white captain. In total, he scored more than 18,000 runs across all formats for South Africa with 55 centuries in 349 matches and has been ranked asthe number one batsman in both Test and one-day international cricket. He scored 27 ODI centuries, the most by a South Africa batsman, and scored 8,113 runs at an average of 49.46 inthe format. (a) Article 370 (b) Article 356 (c)Article 377 (d)Article246 Answer: (a)S| CSS/Times UNDERSTANDING SUL E} Ceo enn Pome ag rd M se inf Cee ee pee ea te Centre cannot declare financial emergency under freee At Re Pees (c)Article153 (d) Article 354, Answer: (d) Article 370(4)(c) explicitly mentions that Article 1 of the Indian Constitution applies to Kashmir through Article 370. Article 1 lists the states of the Union. This means that itis Article 370 that binds the state of J&K to the Indian Union. Removing Article 370, which can be done by a Presidential Order, would render the state independent of India, unless new overriding laws aremade. 38) What is the name of former Maldives president who was taken to detention center after being returned to the country? (a)Ahmed Adeeb (b) Mohammad Morsi (c) Waheed Hassan (d) Abdulla Yameen Answer: (a) A former vice president of the Maldives who was arrested after fleeing to neighboring India to avoid questioning over the alleged embezzlement of state funds has been taken toa Maldives detention center after being returned to the country.India had refused entry to former Vice President Ahmed Adeeb. Maldives police later confirmed that they had arrested him and returned him to the Indian Ocean nation. Adeeb was brought to Male, the Maldives® capital ina navy ship. Early Monday, he was taken to Dhoonidhoo detention centerAdeeb had his passport confiscated by a court order because of pending court cases, according to police. He had recently been freed from a 33-year jail sentence over corruption and terrorism. 39) Which country has banned face- covering cloth including burqa and nigab in schools, hospitals and public transport? {a) Australia (b)Spain (c)Iceland (d) Netherlands Answer: (d) The Netherlands has banned face-covering clothing, such as a burga or nigab, in public buildings and on transport, as a contentious law on the garment worn by some Muslim women came into force.Between 100 and 400 women are estimated to wear a burga or nigab in the European country of 17 million people. The legislation - which was passed in June last year after more than a decade of political debate on the subject - also applies to other face coverings such as full-face helmets or balaclavas. Nourdin el-Ouali, leader of the Nida party, said the prohibition has far-reaching consequences as it poses a "serious violation” for freedom of religion and freedom of movement."They will not be allowed to go on a metro, bus or tram when the law is observed. They can't go to a hospital, they can't go to the schoolyard, they can'treport toa police station," he was quotedasS| CSS/Times saying by the Hart van Nederland news website. 40) On 25 Aug 2019, ___ martyrdom anniversary of Shaheed Nawab Akbar Bugti? (a) ith (b) 43th (o)15th (d) Noneofthese ‘Answer: (b) A rare photograph taken in 1948 shows Muhammad All Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, meeting political leaders from Balochistan, including Nawab Akbar Bugti whois seen shaking hands with him.Nawab Bugti was arnong the few Baloch leaders who had supported the idea of Pakistan. He studied at the famous Aitchison College of Lahore, and held the offices of the interior minister of Pakistan, the chief minister of Balochistan and the governor of the province during his long political career, including during military operations against Baloch groups demanding autonomy.Later on in his life, he remained largely in the opposition. By 2006, the embittered politician was leading his own armed insurgency in the areas where he had influence, before he was killed in a missile strike by Pakistani forces 41) Who is the Current Federal Minister of Inter Provincial Coordination? (2) Shireen Mazari (6) Zubaida Jalal (c) Fahmida Mirza (a) Shafqat Mahmood Answer: (c) Fahmida is the current Federal Minister for Inter Provincial Coordination, in office since 20 August 2018. She served as the 18th and only women Speaker of the National Assembly of PakistanHSM New Arrival CSS and All Other Relevant Exams Gender Studies RY ROSS ae) en LeeLee. hy POs as ech acl ayHM SYA A DOWNGRADE = The Asia-Pacific Group meeting evaluated Pakistan's efforts in the last five years on building safe- guards to curb money-launder- Ing and counter terror-financing « Pakistan failed in 32 of 40 parameters with toits legal and financial systems from March 2008 to June 2013. Previously, she was a member of the National Assembly from 1997 to 1999, 2002 to May 2018 and again she has been amember of the National Assembly of Pakistan since August 2018, 42) The Asia Pacific Group (APG) Laundering has placed Pakistan on its enhanced monitoring list for__on 23 August 2019. (a)3month {b)6month (c)Lyear (d) 2year Answer: (c) The Asia Pacific Group (APG) Laundering has put Pakistan on enhanced monitoring mechanism after finding out deficiencies on implementing 11 immediate outcomes of 40 recommendations. Islamabad will have to submit new report to the APG on 40 recommendations on February 1, 2020. [APG] has put Pakistan in its enhanced follow-up as per APG's Third Round Mutual Evaluation Procedures. In linewith APG's Third Round Mutual Evaluation Procedures, Pakistan would be required to submit follow-up progress reports toAPGon quarterly basis The APG's Mutual Evaluation and its scrutiny on Sess = If Pakistan stays on the Asia-Pacific Group greylist, or is blacklisted, it faces not only a x financial downgrade and restrictions on its markets, but will also have a difficult time managing Capital inflows from IMF and other international agencies 40 recommendations and FATF's 27 action plan are two different issues. Now the FATF's face to face meeting will take place from September 9 to 13 at Bangkok. The FATF review meeting will take place from October 13 to 18 at Paris. The outcome of face to face meeting of FATF and APG's Mutual Evaluation will be merged and analyzed during the review meeting scheduled tobeheldat Paris from October 13 to 18, In FATF review, Pakistan requires support of friendly countries to avoid blacklist. In the last review, Pakistan got four votes for rejection of Indian resolution as Islamabad got support and obtained four votes including Turkey, China, Malaysia and GCC. Now Saudi Arabia is also expected to vote in favor of Pakistan in next review meeting of FATE. 43) The government of Sindh has banned the use of plastic bags throughout Sindh with immediate effect from 2 (a)September 01, 2019. (b) October 01, 2019. () December 01, 2019. (d) January 01, 2020 Answer: (b) The Sindh government announced it will be enforcing a complete ban on plastic bags throughout the province with effect fromS| CSS/Times announced that, starting the first of October, there will be a complete ban on the sale, manufacturing and use of plastic bags in the province.He said that that the decision had been taken by the provincial environment department. The provincial government had kicked off an awareness campaign about the harms of using plastic bags and, in connection’with this drive, cloth bags have been distributed among Karachi's citizens to encourage their use. The PPP leader recalled that the use of plastic bags had previously been banned by the provincial government, and the government was merely implementing the decision throughout the province. On March 21, 2018, the provincial government had imposed a complete ban on the manufacture, sale and purchase of plastic bags across the province. The ban was imposed under Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure by the Sindh home department with immediate effect and until further orders. On Nov 10, 2018, the Sindh cabinet had decided to reimpose a phase-wise ban on the use of polythene and plastic bags in the province, with Sukkur being the first district to implement the ban. A normal plastic bag takes 400 to 1,000 years to degenerate and almost every piece of plastic ever produced still exists in some form in our environment. The amount of plastic waste has been increasing by 10pc each year for the past 20 years, and its accumulation poses grave threats to the well-being of living organisms. (a) Ufone (b)Zong ()Mobilink (d) None ofthese \| wre hte © (Sareeato officially test 5G servicesin the country, (a) Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad (b) Regional security environment (c) Operation Zarb-e-Azb (d) None of these Answer: (b) General Qamar Javed Bajwa is appointed Chief of Army Staff for another term of three years from the date of completion of current tenure," read the brief notification issued by the prime minister's office. It added that "The decision has been taken in view of the regional security environment." The notification was personally signed by Prime Minister. (a) 70years (b) 75 years (c)80years (6) 85 years Answer: (d) Olympian Zakir Hussain, former goalkeeper for Pakistan's national hockey team, passed away on ‘August 19, 2019. He was 85. Zakir Hussain won a gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico and a silver medal at the 1956 Summer HSM CSS Times Olympicsin Melbourne. {a) 1 November 2016 (b)9 November 2016 ()19 November 2016 (d) 29 November 2016 Answer: (d) General Qamar Javed Bajwa has been appointed as the Chief of Army Staff for another three years on August 18, 2019. General Bajwa was appointed as chief of army staff in November 2016 by former prime minister Nawaz Sharif. General Bajwa graduated from Canadian Forces Command and Staff College in Toronto, Naval Post Graduate University in California andHM GES Islamabad's National Defence University. Prior to assuming the position as chief of army staff, General Bajwa served as the Inspector General Training and Evaluation at the General Headquarters. 48) The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) meeting on occupied Jammu and Kashmirwas held on_ (a) Aug 15th, 2019 (b) Aug 16th, 2019 (c)Augi7th, 2019 (d) None of above Answer: (b) Members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) met for the first time in over five decades on Aug 16, 2019 to discuss the critical situation in Indian occupied Kashmir, urging parties to the dispute to refrain from taking any unilateral action. The UNSC met behind closed doors at the request of China and Pakistan to discuss the Indian’ government's recent decision to revoke the special status of Occupied Kashmir. The council had taken/up the issue of the critical situation in Indian Occupied Kashmir after more than 50 years since it was last discussed on the platform, effectively rejecting India's stance that occupied Kashmir was an internal issue and not an internationally recognised dispute. Pakistan's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Malecha Lodhi, welcomed the UNSC meeting and said the country was "grateful to China for calling this meeting” 49) “Shawala Teja Singh temple” is reopened after 72 years. it is located in, city of Pakistan? (a)Multan (b) Sialkot (c) Faisalabad (d) Sheikupura Answer: (b) The Shawala Teja Singh Temple has been reopened for people after 72 years. It is located in Sialkot's Dhaarowal. The centuries-old temple, which was built by Sardar Teja Singh, was closed during Partition. The Hindus of Sialkot stopped coming to the temple after a mob damaged it in 1992 while protesting the demolition of the Babari Mosque in india. United Nations Security Council POMICUNSaSS UU) ae MAREN6 OAD a ‘STUDIES For CSS & All Other Competitive Exams Hoe ree i ea anore www.hsmpublishers.com www.ilmikitabkhana.comH-V GESTS Complete speech and text of the then Foreign minister of Pakistan, Zulfigar Ali Bhutto at the United Nations Security Council. HSM CSS Times Mr. President, | am thankful to you and to the members of the Security Council for having met at this late hour to discuss a matter of vital importance to my people, to the sub-continent, to Asia, and perhaps to the world at large. It was very kind of you, Sir, to have convened this meeting at this late hour to discuss the grave issues that face us expressing my gratitude | would like to address not only the permanent membeybut also the other members of the Security lor having peda roaHM SSA WS & N SZ United Nations he UNSC Resolution of 21 April 1948-one of the principal UN resolutions on Kashmir—stated that “both India and Pakistan desire that the question of the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan should be decided through the democratic method of a free and impartial plebiscite”.’ taken the trouble to be with us this morning. | have come to you from Pakistan, and | have requested this meeting because the issues that face us are indeed so fundamental and important that it is necessary for us to meet to dilate upon them. | am thankful also to the Secretary-General for his endeavors to bring about a meaningful settlement between India and Pakistan. We are aware of all his efforts—we are grateful to him and to the Security Council—we are grateful to all peace-loving countries for having taken such a direct interest in a war which we do not want, which has been imposed on us by a predatory aggressor. Pakistan is a small country. You have only to look at a map of the world and see our size to be aware of our resources andour ability. AGreat Aggressor We are facing a great monster, a great aggressor always given to aggression. During the last 16 or 17 years of our independence we have seen India commit aggression time and again. Ever since 1947, India has followed the road of aggression It has committed aggression against Junagadh, against Manavadar, against Mongrol, against Hyderabad and against Goa. It has brought about a situation which has caused the Sino-Indian conflict. It has committed aggression against Pakistan. And Pakistan, according to Indian leaders, is its enemy number one. Pakistan is supposed to be the country which is the fulcrum of India's fundamental policies. From 1947 we have been faced with this situation. We have always known that India is determined to annihilate Pakistan. Pakistan's basic principle was the bringing about of a permanent settlement between the two major communities, For seven hundred years we sought to achieve equilibrium between the people of the two major communities, and we believed eventually that the only way to live in lasting peace with India was to establish our homeland, to establish a country smaller in area, but nevertheless capable of having a relationship, @ modus vivendi, with, a great and powerful neighbor, That was one of the prime factors responsible for the creation of Pakistan. We know that in Europe certain countries have had to separate in order to get closer together—Sweden and Norway, for instance, had to separate in order to get close to one another. We believed that with the creation of Pakistan we would be able toestablish aHM GEA The Rindustan Time KASHMIR ACCEDES TO INDIA PLEBISCITE SOON ON ‘Teg ted dems [RULER'S DECISION) Flowa ToSriacar SHEIKH ABDULLA 70. |" mck) FORM INTERIM , GOVT. UNION “TROOPS “RUSHED POR PROTECTION OF STATE permanent peace, a permanent understanding, between the people of India and the people of Pakistan, We are a small country and as | said, our resources are limited~one has only to look at a map of the world and a map of the sub-continent to see that we are not interested in war. We do not want aggression—we do not want conflict. We want peace in order that our people can develop. This is the age of rising expectation. We should like to see all our energies and all our efforts directed towards economic well-being. It is not the law of God that people in Asia and Africa should be poor. It is not a predestined rule AFGHANISTAN, AREA OF DETAIL ©. apie AFG cana © m4 (PAKISTAN era BHUTAN New Delhi | BURMA | INDIA | } BANGLADESH Bay of Arabian Bengal ees smc PAKISTAN or an immutable law that we should always remain in poverty. We want to break the barriers of poverty—we want to give our people a better life—we want our children to have a better future. Productive Ends The leaders of Asia and Africa are determined to break the barriers of the past, the legacies of the past, and in order to do so we must channel alll our resources for productive ends, for a peaceful and purposeful future. This is a dire need for a small country such as Pakistan. ean Line of Pakistani- Cee) administered Area occupied by China and claimed by India Indian- administered Kashmir CHINA Sarees eeeHM SSA The blunder of the Pandit We do not want conflict. We are not for war. We do not want to see the extermination of peoples. We respect and have regard for the people of India, A few years ago, we were part of the same country, but for the reason which | have stated, we were obliged to separate. But by means of separation we had thought that our people would be brought closer together, that we should bring about harmony, understanding and tranquility. The basic idea in the creation of Pakistan was that the areas occupied by the ‘Muslim majority should form a part of Pakistan This basic principle was accepted by the Indian leaders. All we ask is to live in peace, friendship and_goodwill. with India on the. basis of the understanding and agreements which the Indian Government and the Indian leaders themselves solemnly pledged tomy people and my country. India's Naked Aggression Today we are fighting a war, a war imposed on us by India, a naked predatory unwarranted aggression by 450 million people against 100 million people, a war of chauvinism and aggrandizement by a mighty neighbor against a small country. It is as if, in Europe, France or Germany committed aggression against Denmark. It is as if a small country in South America were subjected to aggression by Argentina or Brazil. It is as if the United States waged a war against a small country. We do not want to be exterminated. We cherish life. We want to live—we want our people to live —we want our people to progress. But today our cities are being bombed indiscriminately by the might of India, by the formidable machine of the Indian armed forces. Fight for A Righteous Cause But we are resolved to fight for our honour, to fight for Pakistan, because we are the victims of aggression. Aggression has been committed against the soil of Pakistan. But, irrespective of our size, irrespective of our resources, we have the resolve; we have the will to fight because ours is a just cause. Oursis a righteous cause. We are wedded to principles. We are wedded to our own pledges, believe in the right of self- determination—a Wilsonian right, as | told you this evening, Sir, a concept which has inspiredthe whole of Asia and Africa. Itis a phenomenon that cannot be stopped —and that is why we are fighting. We are fighting with our backs to the wall, but we shall tight with all our determination, irruptive of the odds and of all the forces thatare pitted against us. The Secretary-General, as | have already said, s made some very constructive suggestions, and we are grateful to him. He is not only the Secretary-General of the United Nations, he is also a great Asian from a great Asian neighbor of Pakistan and of India, And we should like toHM GSAS cooperate with him both in his capacity as the Secretary General and asa leader of agreat Asian country. We have had useful discussions with him in Pakistan, and we told him hat we are for peace. Wedo not want war, we do not want destruction and we do not want disaster. But it should be a meaningful peace, a purposeful peace, a peace for all time, a peace in which India and Pakistan can live as good neighbours. We are neighbours ‘and want to live as good neighbours. We do not want to have conflict and trouble with India for ) 0 ~ KASUMI alltime. No people would want that. Good Neighborly Relations We are a smaller country. The cardinal principle of Pakistan's foreign policy has been to establish ‘good neighborly relations with all countries, with all its neighbours and India is our principal neighbor. All our efforts to establish good neighborly relations with all other countries would be in vain it we are not able to establish ‘good neighborly relations with India, which, as | have said, for historical, political and Cees) geographical reasons is our principal neighbor. We will make every endeavor to establish such relations. The Indian representative, whom | know so well and for whom | have great regard, is aware of the efforts we have made to establish good neighborly relations with India. He knows that from the very beginning our President, from the time he came into office, has made positive gestures to India to establish good neighborly relations with his country, We have taken many initiatives to bring peace, tranquility and friendship between Pakistan and India, these are matters of record, not a question of propaganda, of trying to get kudos. These are tangible and well-known facts of history that ever since he has become President of. Pakistan he has gone out of is way to establish good relations with India by cooperation in every field, cooperation in trade, in economics and in politics. Has the world forgotten that in 1959 it was the President of Pakistan who made an offer to India to disengage, to bring about a meaningful settlement so that our armies do not face each other in an eyeball-to-eyeball distance, that we all take care of our own difficulties?Hlete Guide for Psychometric Testing Minky Seer ome Psychological Tests For CSS, PMS, Defence Services Oye Senne ROliCa ennui nce ICT PT ORES bet FaeH-M GESTS These are matters of record, matters of history. Thus we want good neighborly relations with India, we want peace with India and we want friendship with India. But that peace and friendship must be peace with honour and it must be peace of a self-respecting sovereign State. India must accept that, India must know that peace can be established only an the basis of self-respect and honour, on the basis of its own commitments, on the basis ofits own pledges, on tthe basis of its own promise to the people of Pakistan, to the people of India, to the world at large, and above all, to the people of Jammu and 70 DECIDE BETWEEN, HINQUSTAN & PAKISTAN FOR PARTITION. PUNJAB 28,419,000 /RAJPUTA! PRINCES: ABOUT 500 IN Act UNAFFECTED Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir is not an integral part of India and has never been an integral part of India. Jammu and Kashmir is a disputed territory between India and Pakistan. It is more a part of Pakistan than it can ever be of India, with all its eloquence and with all its extravagance with words. The people of Jammu and Kashmir are part of the people of Pakistan in blood, in flesh, in life—kith and kin of ours, in culture, in geography, in history and in every way and in every form. They are a part of the people of NOLL Pte Ee he, EGE: LINES LE Ci, HSM CSS Times sarees cedar oes1Si,| CSS/Times Pakistan. We will wage a war for 1,000 years, a war of defence. | told that to the Security Council a year ‘ago when that, body in all its wisdom and in all its power, was not prepared to give us.a resolution Even last year the Security Council felt that we had brought a dead horse to this Council, that we were trying to make internal propaganda. But the world must know that the 100 million people sand bandon. their of Pakistan will never abandon their pledg promises. The Indians may a Pledges and promises—we shall never abandon ours, Irrespective of our size and of our resources, we shall fight to the end. But we shall fight in self-defence, we shall fight for honour We are not aggressors, We are the victims of aggression- It was the duty of the Security Council to pronounce itself on who is the aggressor and who is the aggressor. It was Pakistan that was the victim of aggression. 1am not referring here to some of the remarks made by countries which have no right to be here—they are not even countries. | am referring to the Great Powers, | am referring to all peace loving countries, | am referring to those who believe in the cause of justice, in the cause of righteousness and in the cause of honour. After all, history is not in vain. Wars have been fought in the past and people have upheld great causes. am referring to the Great Powers and also to those other countries in the Security Council which have espoused the cause of righteousness. We are grateful to all of you for whatever you have done to uphold the cause of justice, because, finally and ultimately, justice must prevail. We believe more than ever before that justice is bound to prevail for the people of Jammu and Kashmir. Five million people must have the right to decide their own future. Why should they be made an exception? Should the whole phenomenon of self determination, stretching from Asia and Africa, apply to the whole world except to the people of Jammu and Kashmir? Are they some outcastes of an Indian society? Are they some untouchable pariahs that they should not he given the right of self-determination, that they should not be allowed to have the right to their own future?H-V GESTS The great country of France permitted the Algerians to have the right of self-determination. The right of self-determination is a Wilsonian concept. The Soviet Union believes in the right of, self-determination of all peoples. The whole world believes in the right of self-determination. Must it be denied to the people of Jammu and Kashmir merely because power must prevail ‘over principle? Power shall never prevail over principle. Finally and ultimately, principle must prevail over power. This is a Christian concept, it is an slamic concept, and itis a civilized concept Those nations which do not believe in such a concept must face the ultimate consequences. India Isolated India today is isolated. India, in spite of its size and its resources, has no one to support it ‘openly. The whole of Asia and Africa supports the right of self-determination of the people of Kashmir. The Arab countries in Casablanca have ‘supported the right of self-determination for the people of Kashimir, The European countries have supported the right of self-determination for the people of Kashmir. The Secretary of State of the United States of America, Mr, Dean Rusk, said that the historical position is a plebiscite in Kashmir. On the one hand, you have the whole ees smc world arrayed on the side of the cause of right and justice and morality, and, on the other hand, you have a war machine, an arrogant and chauvinistic State breaking its pledges, breaking its promises and wanting to destroy the will and the spirit of a people. The will and spirit of our people can never be destroyed. Let me tell you: you can have one cease-fire, you can have another cease-fire, but the 100 million people of Pakistan shall face extermination lather than forsake their principles or allow their principles to be negated and destroyed by sheer force and power. President's Message Having made those remarks, Ihave the honour to transmit the following message from the President of Pakistan, which | received from Rawalpindi at 2 o'clock (which, is 11 o'clock W.PST.) today (September 22, 196! “Pakistan considers Security Council Resolution 211 of 20 September as unsatisfactory. However, im the interest of international peace and in order to enable the Security Council to evolve a self- executing procedure, which will lead to an honorable settlement of the root cause of the present conflict”—namely, the Jammu and Kashmir dispute" have issued the followingKM GSAS orderto the Pakistan armed forces. They will stop fighting as from 12.05 hours West Pakistan Time today. As from that time they will not fire on enemy forces unless fired upon, provided the Indian Government issues similar orders to its armed forces. “Please accept, Excellencies, the assurances of my highest — consideration’. That message was sent to Pakistan's Permanent representative, Syed Amjad Ali. Thus, in response to the call of international peace and international goodwill we have ordered our ‘troops to cease hostilities, provided India agrees tosucha cessation of hostilities. But a cessation of hostilities is not enough. The Security Council—the most important organ of the United Nations-must now address itself to the heart of the problem. For 18 years it has played and toyed with the future of Kashmir. It can no longer make a plaything or a toy out of § million people. tt is the moral responsibility of the Security Council to address itself to a meaningful, a lasting solution of the problem of Jammuand Kashmir, The Security Council has been seized of this problem for 18 years. There are more documents, more resolutions on Jammu and Kashmir—the most fundamental problem facing the world today—than on any other problem. Is it not ironical that, with regard to a conflict that may lea to world conflagration—and the present situation has shown that it is possible for this conflict to lead to world conflagration—the Security Council has shown its lethargy, its idolence? | was here a year ago, and the Security Council was not prepared to give Pakistan a piece of paper called a resolution. It did not even want to consider the problem. It thought that this was a dead issue, that it was dormant. This can never beadeadissue, it cannever bedormant. Last Chance for Security Council This is the last chance for the Security Council to put all its force, all its energy, all its moral responsibility behind a fair and equitable and honorable solution of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute. History does not wait for Councils, HSM CSS Times organizations or institutions, just as it does not wait for individuals. Ultimately we shall have to be the final determiners of our own course. Let me tell the Security Council, on behalf of my Government, that if now, after this last chance that we are giving the Security Council, it does not put its full force, full moral responsibility and full weight behind an equitable and honorable settlement of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute, Pakistan will have to leave the United Nations. We have decided togive the United Nations a last opportunity to determine what it can do towards a purposeful, peaceful and lasting settlement of the problem of Jammu and, Kashmir, We shall give the United Nations a time-limit. Within a certain period of time, if the Security Council is not able to act in accordance with the responsibility placed on it, in. accordance with its honour under the Charter—which believes in self-determination—Pakistan will have to withdraw from the United Nations. 1am not saying this in the form of an ultimatum, | am saying it as | am honour bound to respect the very purposes of the Charter, In leaving the United Nations, Pakistan will be fulfilling the Charter of the United Nations, and then, one- third or more of the world will be outside this Organization and some countries, which call themselves States, will be members of the Security Council.a Sheraz Sohail _ Kabir Street Urdu Bazar, Lahore i Phone: 042-373532510 www-hsmpublishers.com www.ilmikitabkhana.comHM Cea PE DELHI < fe tie OS rye Ov I ate MeseiSintEi LF See MA tC tds rue UAW LS Soy WV tale Oela Se bKOUIsLL. wiser « Cote by fe ‘ PAKISTAN. Siachen AOMINSTERED KASHMIR bk//p4e01 Cr Ne administered, 4 a INOIAN- ADMINISTERED Sra eas PAKISTAN INo1a HSM CSS TimesH-V GESTS PL IBF G PAGS GAULEULEO < 1947 art Sieh aiisi ce 1998 dee eAn20urpsnfere¥S Loriec, 20198 tea /aut ie 2 hig e HSM CSS TimesH-V GESTS asus esa eeeHM SSAees smdS| CSS/Times WL B26 Aves 2g. Arle ht SP etige veh uit ve iL 2a) tz46 omeeritseditz Ad dpe Ee SEL Se Lite iy he “Cadet za4) ethos be Sp A Bypea Wi Seepitse Srsed Srrbeat Pbfuet itt we cut f Sree 2S Beige Carer BE ceo pS re ay Bwiie erp SL, Coed Lowe en NES Ree Whiz zp» Sex . cE pees hese GSP SSP List nip: WI6L eae Be GIL ALE te She Seen WEE AL Sie L 75£2022 slate J bs/t. Cees smcS| CSS/Times GeS ber SBS toe ott ee Bist wat ote PHL Pte 07 Eng: SEE Ke) tL LLL Ue spah Pipe tisg Rep Lire Sree JL Pubs af ‘at Peas 6 jest E St Jig ite oF oT We ecritlyHeVviT —_ —_—_ — a —_———— a ee _ f ; =) , ay Oe ee SUA Oat merm Sn Taran Se ———— A PRACTICAL COURSE IN COMPOSITION For College Students & Competitive Examination Candidates Sayyid Saadat Ali Shah ILMI KITAB KHANA Kabir Street, Urdu Bazar Lahore-54000HM eye 2F 2019 =i29 BEL ee & Lac SL oF gc UWA Se ASE Sa SotHM GESTS UK Votes Leave © Leave Remain 51.9% 48.1% 17,410,742 16,141,241 vores vores Toned 72.29 balots wees Boe hE i Spice rigivsr sire 5 eet L ddl r We WA oie FLUE cA sh BO Pv Eats ee Pigpe tut POAC cp Se KL Sb ESM See 6 ag Peete Sur pt Sle isle She Fuel 116 ley EL BaP Ge nL isle tn eV We tbe 2017 2d he aL bz 2019 =i29 pe LAB Wh SP ied Se Se mri hun A Lance AIGA ELL ute bd oFHSM New Arrival Kabir Street Urdu Bazar, Lahore Phone: 042-373532510 www.hsmpublishers.com www.ilmikitabkhana.comHM CeaH-V GESTS $b sly lfaw 3% ye 211420198129 GEL BUELL? = oF "exits! 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