ELEVATED TEMPERATURE FATIGUE OF 2 1/4 CR-1 MO STEEL K. D. Challenger ansraact ‘tne effect of the load wave form on the elevated temperature fatigue Tite ree eee EcL Mo’steel in-air fs. shown te he hest explained hy oxtdatton= Peelqus interaction rachanises.. Data are presented that indicate that the Fatioue imeerecracking that, occurs. is. dependent. on the loading wave forr Forme Eatigue crack initiation fs dependent on the rode of oxide crack= ad Metgue crack initiation is. shown to he influenced rare by oxidation ina, Et tec crack propagation. The effect of oxidation on fatigue than +5 pagatinn depends on the. tine netween load reversals, independent Lear ae et see form and. this effect saturates very quickly “for tenpera= eee g a EostC. "A worst-case predictive equation 1s presented | that Lares aroun fatigue endurance 1s. dependent only on crack propagat ton, ae eetceton ofa crack in oxidizing conditions is assumed to occur CAEN only a few cycles xeyunens Fatigue: creep-fatique interaction: oxidation; ferritic steel: steam gen- pratons rTRAMNET TON Fatique resistance at elevated temperatures involves the complex tnter= Fatiae ceaeen fatigue anager creep canage and oxidation in hoth the in= Fe on ete ncowtn stages oF a crack. The devetapnent. of desian correla Tie toe mtevaced temperature fatigue has, for the mst part. assumed Eons tor elon eerects are negligible. and that the crack initiation stage that ont dat ined with the crack. propagation stage. Thus, elevated termera~ can he commie Meena’ se ereepefatique interaction far’ total endurance ture atte ‘as worked reasonably well for the austenitic stainless U{obis, mt has proved inappropriate for 2 1/4 Cr-i Mo steel~ 2392.1/4 creat Mo steel enjoys a wide spread industrial use, operating in air, Jeeims corrosive gases inpure. helfim and sofium et. tenperatures up to Eo0eC' with “hoth sustatne? and cyclic loads. Its expected use as the Structural material for the steam generating plant of 1iquid metal cooled Tho breeder reactors has led to the generation of vast. anount's of mechan= {hi property date (see for. example Brinkman 1975, 1980). The fat ave Gata “at elevated” tenperstures exhiits sone” unexpected characteristics Shicn have Ted to differences in the interpretation of these data annng Tessarchers The purpose of this pmer is to review these data for 2 1/4 Ceci Mor present. some new infornatien and summarize our understanding of the danaging mechanisms. active daring cyclic deformation of this alloy at plevated tenperatures - TOTAL ENDURANCE, ATA For temperatures up to 600% and at total strain ranges >15 the fatique ive is 7ather insensitive to the Tosding wave form, tues. very Mtele af Tact of testing Frequency or the Teneth of constant strain dwell periods . Nowever, for total steatn ranges

ba aby 8 a 0 * ag = initial erack length BP = Final crack length ising the alr data fron Figs 4 ag * 5.5, and the number of cycles to *in~ Ftigvet the cracks age ignored, “the total endurances predicted are given [niTabte S. ‘The totsi strain ranges: far the three different plastic Strain ranges were calculated from squat fon acy * ae, +f “ erent Mere sey is the initial total cyclic range for ench plastic strain tice that for these tow strain ranges, the eyeltc Tifeting 15 gates 1re Notice tae tor eaietay crack lengths iue.y comparatively few cycles 276 {QUSlved inthe early stages. of crack” growth. these predictions are conpared,to_ actual data in Fiae 1: TMS nathot OF hese ratte io erent slower bounds since crack initiation 18 prediction, shoult Tepres eC wie gn unreasonable sssurption as sscussed rect sccetons Fatigue Crack Initiation. ARNON EDOMENT ihe author wishes to thank the Naval Postaraduate Schont 's Foundatfon Re ree an Brogeam for their support of this work. ahs CRU)" comme eg uma), fa tte aoe ee en ml, yedgets Bee Te 1, Ghopres Oak K; hates ery Productions Tag uasninoton, Eviigon, E.6. and A.J.F. Patterson {i976}. Proc. inst. Mech. Enars der sorr. Scie, 21, 749. SE ath GR een Ft eels bination 190. ane.7 4 b) continuously cycled specimen, note the smooth specimen sur- crack growth model (equation 3) with these data "Fig. Loading Direction <—> surface topography of a specimen that was held at 536% at Brain of-0.002 for. 250 fs. before continuously cycling to 2550 cycles for surface examination Total cyclic lifetine for this Specimen was 7672 cycles. Note the surface markings per~ pendicular to the loading direction. wl Continuously cycled high Fig. 5: Strain fatigue (HSF) crack growth rates in air and. vate [unco? 2 cr-IMo steel at 525°C. pega ape el SF crack growth rages of 2 Creimo steel at 525°C in oir and vacuun with hour con- stant deflection dwell peri~ cas.