ASSIGNMENT/ IBM 2101/ JAN 2018

FACULTY OF BUSINESS, COMMUNICATIONS AND LAW

(FOBCAL)
COURSEWORK COVER PAGE (GROUP)

TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENTS
FULL NAME MATRICULATION NO.
1) 1)

2) 2)

3) 3)

4) 4)

5) 5)

COURSE CODE AND IBM 2101

COURSE NAME INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ANALYTICS
 Mr. Mohd Norshahriel B Abd Rani
LECTURER’S NAME  Ms. Hushalictmy A/P Paliyanny
 Ms. Kayalvily Tabianan

SECTION / GROUP 1T1/ 1T2/1T3/1T4 SESSION JANUARY 2018

COURSEWORK  ASSIGNMENT DUE

16TH / MARCH / 2018
DETAILS DATE

NOTE: PLEASE SIGN THE STUDENTS’ DECLARATION ON THE NEXT

PAGE
 ASSIGNMENT /IBM 2101/ JAN 2018

Students’ declaration:
We understand what is meant by plagiarism. We declare that this is our own work
except where due references are made.

We hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been copied from any
other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is
made in the assignment.

We are aware that this work may be reproduced and submitted to plagiarism detection
software programs (Turnitin) for the purpose of detecting possible plagiarism (which
may retain a copy on its database for future plagiarism checking).

We hold a copy of this assignment which we can produce if the original is lost or
damaged.

Name Signature
1) 1)
2) 2)
3) 3)
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5) 5)

Note:
Lecturer has, and may exercise, the right not to mark this coursework if the above
declaration has not been signed. If the above declaration is found to be false,
appropriate action will be taken which would lead to ZERO mark being awarded for this
coursework.

OFFICE USE ONLY

Marker’s
comments

Late submission Extension Granted Deduction Final Marks

YES NO YES NO

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Numeric Grade Grade Descriptor Presentation and Presentation of Breadth / Depth Content / Analysis, Critical
structure References and Integration of Knowledge Evaluation and/or
Literature Reflection

80-100 Outstanding work Outstanding Referencing within Outstanding breadth Outstanding Outstanding level of
A/A+ grade presentation and text. and depth of exploration of topic analysis, critical
clarity.  Accuracy of literature. showing excellent evaluation and/or
No significant references in text to Outstanding knowledge and reflection.
grammatical / those in list. integration of understanding. Highly developed /
spelling errors.  Accuracy of literature into work. focused work.
reference list.
 Use of
recommended
referencing system.

75-79 Excellent work Excellent structure. Excellent standard Excellent breadth & Excellent level of Excellent level of
A- grade Fluent writing style re: depth. knowledge and analysis, critical
with very few Referencing within Excellent understanding evaluation and/or
errors. text. integration of demonstrated. reflection of issues.
 Accuracy of literature into work. Covers all relevant
references in text to points and issues.
those in list. Frequent
 Accuracy of indications of
reference list. original thought.
 Use of
recommended
referencing system.

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70-74 Very good work Very good clear Very good standard Very good breadth Very good level of Very good level of,
B+ grade structure. re: & depth appropriate knowledge and analysis, critical
Articulate and Referencing within to topic. understanding evaluation and/or
fluent writing style. text. Literature demonstrated. reflection but not
Very few  Accuracy of integrated very Some indications of consistently taken
grammatical errors references in text to well. original thought. to full extent.
and spelling those in list.
mistakes.  Accuracy of
reference list.
 Use of
recommended
referencing system.

65-69 B grade Good / Satisfactory Good / satisfactory Good / Satisfactory Good / Satisfactory Good/satisfactory Good / satisfactory
work structure. standard re: use of literature, grasp of the topic level of analysis
Writing is mainly  Referencing Depth appropriate and some of its and/or reflection but
clear but some within text. to topic BUT implications. critical evaluation
spelling and / or  Accuracy of moderate breadth or Knowledge and could be expanded
grammatical errors. references in text to vice versa. understanding is on further.
those in list. Literature demonstrated.
 Accuracy of integrated into Minor errors /
reference list. study. omissions.
 Use of Satisfactory
recommended indications of
referencing system. original thought.

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60-65 B- grade Marginal Pass Weak structure. Limited re: Limited in breadth Addresses part of Limited evidence of
Has numerous  Referencing and/or depth. the question. analysis, critical
spelling and /or within text. Uncritical land Limited content / evaluation and/or
grammatical errors.  Accuracy of literature quoted knowledge. Limited reflection but
references in text to without comment. or muddled limited evidence of
those in list. understanding of critical evaluation.
 Accuracy of the topic/question. Too descriptive in
reference list. Some errors / parts.
 Use of omissions Limited
recommended indication of
referencing system original thought.

50-59 Clear fail Lacking re: Lacking re: Lacking in breadth Lacking knowledge Lacking in its level
Fail grade Structure –  Referencing and depth. Some Content irrelevant / of analysis / critical
argument difficult within text. literature irrelevant inaccurate. evaluation and/or
to follow.  Accuracy of to topic area. Does not address reflection.
Poorly written references in text to the question and Mainly descriptive
and/or poor spelling those in list. therefore does not
and grammar.  Accuracy of meet the learning
reference list. outcomes.
 Use of No indications of
recommended original thought.
referencing system

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0-49 Little or nothing of No discernable Unsatisfactory No / unsatisfactory No / unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory level

merit structure. Very referencing within evidence of level of knowledge of analysis / critical
difficult to follow text. literature being demonstrated. evaluation and or
Many grammatical  Reference list referred to. Much of Content not reflection.
errors. Many does not match the literature used appropriate to the Wholly descriptive
spelling mistakes. references in text. irrelevant to topic topic.
 References list area No indications of
has incorrect originality in the
citations and/or is
not the
recommended
format.
 No reference list
included.

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Grading Criteria

All students in each group will receive the same grade. If you have a concern about the
contribution of a member of your group to the project, please inform the instructor.

Group Total Marks Given

Assessment Marks
Criteria
1. Research and discussion on company background , business and 15
competitive environment
2. Analysis and discussion of current business trends and competitive 15
environment, proposed model, architectures and analytics team
3. Analysis and discussion of proposed analytics solutions, techniques 15
and data mining tools/ model.
4. Analyse and discuss the business transformation and the advantages 15
to the organisation
5. Discussion on the impact of the proposed analytics solution to the 15
organization

Penalty for late submission:

1 day – minus 20% of total mark awarded
2 days – minus 50% of total mark awarded
3 days – 0 mark for this piece of coursework

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 ASSIGNMENT /IBM 2101/ JAN 2018

IBM 2101
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ANALYTICS

ASSIGNMENT

You are required to select an appropriate organization that is in business for at least THREE (3)
years. Discuss the company background and business operation of the company. Identify the
current problem and challenges endured by the organization. You may also identify prospects of
improvement to the organization by introducing analytics.

Research and write a report on how this organization can successfully implement state-of-the-art
information systems and information technologies related to business analytics which would
result in improvement of their business processes, organizational transformation, higher
productivity, business growth, enhanced competitiveness, to have more effective managerial
decision making and increased globalization opportunities.

The organization selected may be companies incorporated in Malaysia or multinational

companies.

From the selected organization, identify and describe any THREE (3) types of analytical
solution which could be implemented in the organization.

Analyze and discuss the benefits and business transformations that these proposed solutions may
bring to the organization. The proposed solution or business analytical model should be
referenced from reputable journals, white papers, business case studies or valid academic
references.

You should be able to propose recommendation with regards to any mode of business
transformation, business process improvement, CRM, Supply Chain Management or any
relevant scope where analytic solution would value add to the business.

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Your report should ideally between 2000 – 3,000 words excluding references and appendices.
Please include the word count at the end of your report. You are required to submit your report to
the Turnitin system for plagiarism checking before submission. Please include the summary page
of your Turnitin reports in your submission.

Print the coursework description together with the assessment criteria and attach in front of your
assignment.

Marking Scheme

This assignment is 20% of coursework. Your assignment must include the following:

1. Assignment Cover Page

2. Assignment Marking Scheme
3. Assignment Question
4. Table of Content
5. List of Figures
6. List of Table
7. Introduction
8. Overview
a) Type of business organization
b) Product/service, market, customers
c) Departments / Division and their roles
d) Types of Information Systems used in the organisation
e) Description of Data/ Information generated by the business till date

9. Analysis of Current Business, problem encountered, gap analysis and competitive

environment
a) Analyze current business environment
b) Analyze the competitive environment
c) Suggest Business Analytical solution to meet the competitive environment
d) Discuss the business transformation scope, architecture and investment
e) Discuss the information systems (BI solution / Expert Analytics system) proposed
in the organization and analyse their uses.

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f) Identify the key roles / team who may be involved in this business analytic project
team
g) Justify the recommendation with valid reference
h) Produce Hypothetical analysis of future status of business if analytical solution is
implemented
i) Discuss the impact of proposed solution with reference to the organization’s
productivity, business performance, revenue growth, etc.

10. Conclusion
11. List of References
Please note that you should use proper citation and referencing using Harvard
Referencing format.

Requirements

1. This is a Group Assignment – 4 students per group.

2. Font size: 12.
3. Font Style: Times New Roman.
4. All paragraphs must be fully Justified (CTRL + J) with 1.5 Line Spacing.
5. All heading should have the “Title Case”, BOLD and Left-Alignment, “Times New
Roman”, size 14, and must use PROPER NUMBERING – Do not ITALIC.
6. Main Title Case – “Times New Roman”, size 16.
7. Your report must be printed in A4 Size, only WHITE PAPER accepted.
8. Minimum pages are 20 pages not include Table of Content, List of Tables, List of
Figures, References and Appendix.
9. Between Main Title Case and Tile Case – No NEED ENTER key.
10. Between Paragraphs – ENTER key 2X.
11. Between Title Case and Table or Figure – ENTER key 2X.
12. Between Table or Figure and Paragraph – ENTER key 2X.
13. Remember to spell check your report.
14. All FIGURES must with same HEIGHT.
15. All FIGURES, FIGURE NAME and NUMBER must be placed in the CENTER.
16. All FIGURES must contain NAME and NUMBER - “Times New Roman”, size 10,
and must use PROPER NUMBERING.
17. All TABLES, TABLE NAME AND TABLE must be placed in the CENTER.
18. All TABLES must contain NAME and NUMBER.
19. Please use the TEMPLATE that already provided.
20. Cover page must be TYPED (NAME, MATRICULATION NUMBER and
RESEARCH TITLE).
21. Assignment must be submitted using Management File.
22. Please follow the Harvard referencing style for your references. Citations must be
included wherever necessary.
23. You must upload the softcopy of your report to http://www.turnitin.com for plagiarism
checking make sure you get not more than 20% of the similarity.
24. The PowerPoint Slides should be INFORMATIVE.
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25. Due date: Week 10 – 16TH MARCH (FRIDAY) before 5.00 PM to Faculty of
Business, Communications and Law (FOBCAL). [Any late assignment will not be
tolerated].

*Note: Any information from Wikipedia is not allowed.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................19

1.1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................19

1.1.1. Organization’s background.................................................................................................19

1.1.2. Organization’s Vision & Mission......................................................................................20

1.1.3. Core Development Area......................................................................................................20

1.1.4. Business’s segmentation.....................................................................................................21

1.2. SWOT Analysis............................................................................................................................21

1.2.1. Strengths & Weaknesses.....................................................................................................21

1.2.2. Opportunities & Threats......................................................................................................21

1.3. Management..................................................................................................................................22

1.3.1. Research & Development...................................................................................................22

1.3.2. Operation Management.......................................................................................................22

2. Overview..............................................................................................................................................23

2.1. Type of Business Organization..................................................................................................23

2.2. Product/Service, Market, Customers........................................................................................23

2.2.1. 4ps...........................................................................................................................................23

2.3. Departments / Division and Their Roles..................................................................................30

2.3.1. Living Room.........................................................................................................................30

2.3.2. Kitchen...................................................................................................................................30

2.3.3. Bedroom.................................................................................................................................31

2.3.4. Decoration.............................................................................................................................31

2.3.5. Eating......................................................................................................................................32

2.3.6. Children..................................................................................................................................32

2.3.7. Office......................................................................................................................................33

2.3.8. Outdoor....................................................................................................................................33

2.4. Types of Information Systems used in the Organisation.......................................................34

2.4.1.......................................................................................................................................................34
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2.4.2.......................................................................................................................................................34

2.4.3.......................................................................................................................................................34

2.4.4.......................................................................................................................................................34

2.4.5.......................................................................................................................................................34

2.4.6.......................................................................................................................................................34

2.4.7.......................................................................................................................................................34

2.4.8.......................................................................................................................................................34

2.5. Description of Data/ Information Generated By the Business till Date..............................35

2.5.1.......................................................................................................................................................35

2.5.2.......................................................................................................................................................35

2.5.3. Performance Goals...............................................................................................................35

3. Analysis of Current Business, Problem Encountered, Gap Analysis and Competitive

Environment.................................................................................................................................................36

3.1. Current Business Environment..................................................................................................36

3.1.1.......................................................................................................................................................36

3.1.2. System Packages..................................................................................................................36

3.2. Competitive Environment...........................................................................................................36

3.2.1.......................................................................................................................................................36

3.2.2.......................................................................................................................................................36

3.3. Business Analytical solution to meet the Competitive Environment..................................37

3.3.1.......................................................................................................................................................37

3.3.2.......................................................................................................................................................37

3.3.3.......................................................................................................................................................37

3.4. Business Transformation Scope, Architecture and Investment............................................37

3.4.1. Scope......................................................................................................................................37

3.4.2. Architecture...........................................................................................................................37

3.4.3. Investment.............................................................................................................................37

3.5. Information Systems (BI Solution / Expert Analytics System) Proposed In the
Organization and Analyse Their Uses.................................................................................................37
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3.6. Key Roles / Team.........................................................................................................................37

3.7. Recommendation..........................................................................................................................37

3.8. Hypothetical Analysis.................................................................................................................37

3.9. Impact of Proposed Solution......................................................................................................37

4. References............................................................................................................................................38

4.1. Websites.........................................................................................................................................38

4.2. Books..............................................................................................................................................38

5. Appendixes..........................................................................................................................................39

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List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Complete System Module Breakdown................................................................................19

Figure 1.2: Rapid Prototyping Lifecycle with Software Versioning..................................................19

Figure 2.1: EXAMPLE: Top Level System Diagram...........................................................................21

Figure 3.1: System Level Class Digram..................................................................................................24

Figure 3.2: System Level Package Diagram...........................................................................................24

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List of Tables

Table 1.1: Module Development Responsibilities.................................................................................20

Table 2.1: System Sizing Limitations......................................................................................................23

Table 2.2: System Timing Targets............................................................................................................23

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1. Introduction
1.1. Introduction

1.1.1. Organization’s background

IKEA was founded in 1943 in Sweden. "Creating a better everyday life for most
people" is the direction that IKEA has been working since its inception. The IKEA
brand has always been associated with improving the quality of people's lives and
adhering to the business philosophy of "providing as many customers as possible
affordable, well-designed, fully functional and affordable home products."

While providing a wide range of beautiful, practical and affordable household items,
IKEA strives to create a business model that focuses on the interests of customers and
the community and is committed to environmental protection and social responsibility
issues. Today, the Swedish IKEA Group has become the world's largest furniture
household goods business, sales mainly include seat / sofa series, office supplies,
bedroom series, kitchen series, lighting series, textiles, cooking utensils series,
housing storage series, children's products series 10,000 products.

At present, IKEA has 238 shopping centers in 34 countries and regions, of which 7
are in China, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Nanjing
and Dalian. IKEA procurement model is a global procurement model, it has set up a
global procurement of 16 trading regions, of which three are in China, namely: South
China, Central China and North China. At present, IKEA purchases in China
accounted for 18% of the total, ranking first in IKEA procurement countries.
According to the plan, by 2010, IKEA retail stores in mainland China will reach 10,
the required storage capacity will be expanded from the current 100,000 cubic meters
to more than 300,000 cubic meters. China has become one of IKEA's largest sourcing
markets and one of the most important spaces for business growth and holds a pivotal
position in IKEA's global strategy.

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1.1.2. Organization’s Vision & Mission

Ikea's vision is "to create a better life for most people". This is Ikea's philosophy of
designing every product. Ikea is a company that pay attention in the standards and
values and passionate in-home life.
Ikea's vision is hoping to continue offering a great variety of styles, beautiful and
practical, the price is reasonable, so that most people can afford to buy them.

1.1.3. Core Development Area

Ikea has three core areas of development.
1. Cheap but good quality
Ikea wants products to be liked and used by most people, they must be provided with
good quality and affordable prices. When designing products, Ikea always takes
customers' needs first!
2. Caring for people and the environment
In the enterprise the pursuit of growth at the same time, Ikea committed to finding
environmental, labour, environmental requirements and other supplier of guidelines.
Ikea also try to use raw materials like renewable energy and minimize waste and
pollution.

3. Hand in hand to grow together

Employees are the key to sustainable growth. Ikea actively assists each employee in
developing their potential and provide excellent career opportunities and learning
opportunities. In Ikea, you can always be yourself. In fact, Ikea actively encourage it.
We respect each other's differences and open our hearts to everyone's contributions.

1.1.4. Business’s segmentation

Demographic
IKEA apply demographic bases for its market. Demographic segmentation consists of
age group, gender, marital status, income level of a singer customer. Both males and
females above 22 years old visited IKEA and have the capability to buy items in
IKEA. IKEA’s target is young couples whom have their own apartments. They buy
furniture from IKEA because the price no so expensive for them to buy and they got
reference for the design for apartment in IKEA.

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Geographic
The geographic segmentation of IKEA is mainly for European market and Asian
market. For example, Malaysia have a few IKEA and mostly IKEA located at big city.
This is because resident who stay at city more concentrate on design and quality of
furniture for their housing area.

Psychographic
The psychographic segmentation of IKEA mostly pay attention on customer’s
behavior, common activities, personal well beings and their beliefs. Customer in Asia
more concentrate on luxury lifestyle which they will buy bulky furniture and customer
in Europe and North America more likely to buy product which simple and neutral.

1.2. Management

1.2.1. Research & Development

Research and development department of IKEA does all the design and function, they
also look into the price and quality. They usually do research on the price, quality,
newest and trending design in the market. They are different from marketing
departments because they focus more on doing the things while marketing
departments only take notes instead of really put the marking results into something
that could be design.

1.2.2. Operation Management

Operations departments are responsible for running the business wisely and
successfully. They mostly take into account for profit and loss, they will try their best
to increase the investments from the shareholders. They will not only take into
account with the business, but also the employees and customers. This department of
IKEA will try their best to maximize the profits and sales, they will also do people
management in order to increase the value of the company.

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2. Data Mining
2.1. What is data mining?
Data mining is to process the data and identify patterns and trends of the information in order to
decide or judge. There are purpose of data mining, which includes increasing customer loyalty.
This is because the data mining holds data of customers satisfaction and customer loyalty
regarding issues. This helps the people who work in the company because they know how to
satisfy the customers’ needs and wants, and it reduces the time of doing marketing of their
existing customers.
Additionally, data mining helps to identify hidden profitability. This data has some hidden
profitability, people who work in the field can actually understand the actual nature of working,
so it will be easier to identify in a beneficial manner. Through this data, the company will be
able to see the possible risk in future, so it might be able for them to overcome the risk if they
already predicted earlier.
Also, it is possible to minimize the involvement of clients. As the data is already kept in the
company, they don’t have to keep on relying on customers to gain information if they already
have the data of customers. So it reduces the involvement of clients, which makes it easier for
the company to generate.

2.2. Types of data mining

Firstly, prescriptive data mining. Prescriptive data provides recommendations for people to
make decision and help them to achieve business goals by solving complicated problems.
However, prescriptive data helps company or organizations to make better decisions through
looking into trade-offs between business goals, for example, costs or customer service,
consider expectation, rules and available resources, recommend the course of action. The
purpose of holding prescriptive data mining is to suggest the company on how to take
advantages on future plan and opportunity, so that the company will know about its future risks
or opportunities and try to avoid it from happening in advance. For example, prescriptive data
can be used to predict the price of gas which fluctuates often so this might help the companUny
to make the right decision in advance.
Secondly, which is descriptive data mining. Descriptive data provides the trending information
on current or past events which gives real estate, facilities and asset managers the context
they need in future. Descriptive analytics is often use to divide customers or prospects into
groups. And it helps to analyze the relationships between products or customers. For example,
categorizing customers through the life stage and product preferences.
Lastly, predictive analytics gives the answers that move beyond using historical data as the
principal basis for decisions. In the other hand, it helps managers expect scenarios that might
be happen in the future. So that the can plan ahead before the situation occurs, instead of
trying to solve what has already happened. Purpose of holding predictive analytics is to detect
fraud, if the data is duplicate then the system will detect it, which helps to prevent criminal
behavior. Additionally, it helps to improve operations. That is, the system helps to forecast or
predict inventory and manage resources. For example, hotels usually use the system to predict
the revenue and number of guests. Also, the system helps to reduce risk, such as
insurance claims and collections.

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 ASSIGNMENT /IBM 2101/ JAN 2018

2.2.1. Prescriptive

2.2.1. Descriptive

2.2.2. Descriptive

2.3. Clustering
Clustering is the exploratory data under descriptive data mining, which shows the natural
groups within a data set. However, there is a unique name for each clustering. Once the cluster
is being set up, communication between queue managers is possible without using extra
channel or remote-queue definitions. The main goal of clustering is to put unlabeled data into
groups and find unusual data objects.
Association is also the exploratory data that is under descriptive data, which find things that
occur together. However, any of the attributes between can be existing and shown in
associations. In this mining association rules, it is important for it to discover association rules
in time-oriented data and find the sequence or order of the events.
Classification is analyzing and categorizing text that is under predictive data mining, which
means input r analysis will be sent through an application , categories that is identified by
classification technology are most likely match the text. It helps to predict an outcome based on
a set of inputs. For example, the system can be used to identify the language of texts.

2.4. Association

2.5. Classification

2.5.1. Decision Tree

2.5.2. Bayesian

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 ASSIGNMENT /IBM 2101/ JAN 2018

3. Oracle of prescriptive data

3.1. Clustering
Clustering is basically used to segment and explore data, according to the similarity of data.
Clustering analysis mainly aim for finding high-quality clusters, for example, the intra-cluster
similarity is high and the inter-cluster similarity is low. However, target is not used by clustering
models. If many cases and no obvious groupings occur, clustering algorithms can be used in
finding natural groupings. Clustering can be served as useful data-preprocessing step in order
to identify homogeneous groups on which to build supervised models. There is a server cluster
which collects servers, called nodes which makes the communication available with each other
in order to make a set of services highly available to clients. Server clusters are mainly used for
applications which have frequently updated data or even long-running-in-memory. It is typically
used for server clusters, such as database servers, file servers, print servers and messaging
severs.

K-Mean algorithm is a distance-based clustering algorithm which divides the data into a
number of clusters in advance. This kind of distance-based algorithms often rely on a distance
metric, this is to help measure the the similarity between the data points. There are few
distance metric, such as Cosine, Euclidean or Fast Cosine distance. According to the distance
that metric used, the nearest cluster will be assigned to the data points. When there are
missing value occur in columns with simple data types, k-means will interpret the missing value
as missing at random. The algorithmn will help replacing the missing categorial values with the
mean and mode of missing numerical values. In the nested columns,if the missing value
occurs, k-means can interprets them as sparse. The sparse numerical data with zeros and
sparse categorical data with zero vectors will be replaced by algorithmn.

DBSCAN is a density-based clustering algorithmn, it is because a number of clusters will be

found starting from the estimated density distribution of corresponding nodes.The most
common thing of DBSCAN is that it is the most common clustering algorithmns and almost
being cited in scientific literature. The advantage of DBSCAN is that it does not require the
specific number of clusters in the data apriori, which opposed to k-means. The most facy thing
is that it can find a cluster wholely surrounded by a different cluster. But the disadvantage is
that it cannot cluster data sets well with huge differences in densities.

3.2 Association
The definition of association is that it is a structural relationship between classes that states
one class is connected to another class of objects. It is usually shown as a solid line, drawn
between the classes. The two classes of an association is known in UML as a binary
association. Both ends may attach to the same class in a binary association. Two different
objects from the same class or one object o itself may be connected by the links of such an
assocation. The advantage of association is that it can exist between any of he attributes. But it
is time-consuming trying to find patterns in a very large search space.
The first methhod of association is apriori, it is a set of rules from the data that pulls out the
rules with the highest information content. This kind of method helps discovering patterns with
frequency that is above minimum support threshold. Additionally, to find associstions that
involve rare events, the algorithmn has to run with very low minimum support values.Apriori
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 ASSIGNMENT /IBM 2101/ JAN 2018

offers the highes information content, for example, when customers purchase toothbrush they
will also purchase toothpaste. Through this example we can see that apriori provides
information with high content.
Another method is sequence node that helps to discover association rules in sequential or
time oriented data. It allows you to receive groups of messages from an input source, and help
to preserve the order. It only allows one thread at a time in processing messages in the same
sequence group, this is to make sure that the group is maintained when there are multiple
threads in the message flow. For instance, customers who purchase the toothbrush and
toothpaste may purchase floss the next time they shop.

3.3 Classification
Classification is viewed as a data mining function which assigns items in a collection in order
to target classes or categories. The aim of classification is to correctly anticipate the target
class for each case in the data. That is, a loan applicants can be used in classification to
differentiate as low, medium, or high credit risks. However, classification can be tested by
comparing the anticipated values in order to get the target values in a set of test data. The
historical data that is used for classification project is especially divided into two data sets:
where one is to build the model where he other is to test the model.
One of the methods is using the decision tree, which is based on conditional
probabilities. However, decision trees generate rules which is a statement that is easy
for human to understand and used within a database in order to identify a set of
records. The advantage of decision tree algorithm is that it produces exact and
interpretable models which is relative to little user intervention. It can be used for both
multiclass and binary classification problems. Also, it is fast in both apply and build
time. The process for building the decision tree is parallelized. Scoring of decision tree
is really fast. However, every test is based on a single predictor.
Another method is Naïve Bayes algorithm, which is based on conditional
probabilities. It often use Bayes’ Theorem, it is a formula which calculates he
probability by combining the values in the historical data and counting the frequency
of values. The probability of an event occurring can be found by Bayes’ Theorem,
giving the probability of another event which has already occurred. The advantage of
this method is that it does not need a large amounts of data before it can begin. But it
usually does not hold assumption of class conditional independence.

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4. IKEA
4.1. Clustering of IKEA

4.1.1. Living Room

The living room furniture of Ikea is various, different styles, different sizes and the
price is also affordable. Ikea have already matched the products for you. The product
is grouped according to region or function to help you find what you need more
easily. Let's find your dream living room.

4.1.2. Kitchen
Ikea has already split each kitchen into sections. If the style is agreeable, you can
easily reproduce it in your own home. This is Ikea kitchen design inspiration and let
find your dream kitchen.
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4.1.3. Bedroom
IKEA provides different varieties of bedrooms. As for the types of bed frames, there
are different types such as double bed, single bed, divan beds and many more.
Customers of IKEA are fortunate to choose bedroom furniture. IKEA provides a lot
of types of bedroom furniture ranging from the wardrobes and bedroom storage,
bedroom lighting to bedroom textile and rugs. Customers of IKEA can almost find the
necessary stuffs of bedroom storage and furniture there. For the price, all of them are
affordable and reasonable. It is a suitable choice to buy bedroom furniture in IKEA.

4.1.4. Decoration
For the customers who wish to decorate their dream house, IKEA is the most
appropriate choice that the many types of decorations available. Hang your fondest
memories with IKEA decorations. For wall decorations, wall frames, photo frames,
art card, posters and many more are sold at IKEA. For the customers who have green

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fingers, they can buy the plants and some pots from IKEA. There are other series of
decorations that are available in IKEA and undeniably, their prices are cheap and
affordable.

4.1.5. Eating
Eating is a daily basis of mankind. IKEA also offer the high qualities of cutlery such
as dinner ware, glassware and jugs. The cutleries sold at IKEA not only have
reasonable, but they can be used for a long time. Therefore, for the customer who
wish to buy cutlery, IKEA can provide them with the nice and high-quality cutlery.
For examples, table linen, napkin holders
.

4.1.6. Children
Surprisingly, IKEA also provides varieties of things for the babies and children whose
age is between 3-12 years old. It brings convenience for the parents to prepare the
things for their children. For instances, children’s bed, mattress, lighting and many
more are the necessity of the children and those things can only be prepared by their
parents. Hence, IKEA really brings convenience to the family who has children.
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4.1.7. Office
IKEA also sells office furnitures, you could put them in your house as well as
decorating your own office in company. There are different products being sold in this
apartment, for example, desks and tables, office chairs, workspace storage, bins and
bags, paper and media organisers, workspace lighting, cable management and
accessories. By using these stuffs you can keep your room or office well organized,
you can work better and more comfortable with better environment. The reason why
IKEA carry out this department is to help people who do office work feel more relax
and well organized with their stuffs, because most of the office are messy with papers
and all the files. With these furniture, you could possibly arrange your things well and
tidy up the whole office

4.1.8. Outdoor
However, there are people who loves to
decorate their balcony or even garden. In
IKEA, they have outdoor department. In this
department the sell outdoor dining furniture, lounging and relaxing furniture, outdoor
organizing, outdoor cushions, outdoor textiles, decorative lighting, parasols and
gazebos, outdoor pots and plants, outdoor flooring, barbeques. Some people might

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even decorate the backyard with these furnitures, which makes the house looks
warmer and lively.

4.2. Types of Information Systems used in the Organisation

4.2.1.

4.2.2.

4.2.3.

4.2.4.

4.2.5.

4.2.6.

4.2.7.

4.2.8.

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4.3. Description of Data/ Information Generated By the Business

till Date
4.3.1.

Table 2.1: System Sizing Limitations

4.3.2.

Table 2.2: System Timing Targets

4.3.3. Performance Goals

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5. Analysis of Current Business, Problem Encountered, Gap

Analysis and Competitive Environment
5.1. Current Business Environment
5.1.1.

Class1 Class2

Class3

Figure 3.1: System Level Class Digram

5.1.2. System Packages

Package1 Package2
* *

Package3

Figure 3.2: System Level Package Diagram

5.2. Competitive Environment

5.2.1.

5.2.2.

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5.3. Business Analytical solution to meet the Competitive

Environment
5.3.1.

5.3.2.

5.3.3.

5.4. Business Transformation Scope, Architecture and Investment

5.4.1. Scope

5.4.2. Architecture

5.4.3. Investment

5.5. Information Systems (BI Solution / Expert Analytics System)

Proposed In the Organization and Analyse Their Uses

5.6. Key Roles / Team

5.7. Recommendation

5.8. Hypothetical Analysis

5.9. Impact of Proposed Solution

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6. References
6.1. Websites

6.2. Books

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7. Appendixes

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