University of Management and Technology

School of Professional Advancement

PM465: IT Applications in Project Management

Primavera Project

Construction of Overhead RCC Water tank

6/15/2020 5:37:39 PM
Project Name:
Construction of Overhead RCC water tank

Estimated Budget:
6 Million Pakistani Rupees

Location:
DHA, Lahore

Team Members
Sifat Ullah Khan
Hafiz Faizan Tariq
Inshall Khan
Safdar Ali
Shaheera Khan

Submitted to
Sir Zeeshan Ahmed
 MS Railing
Technical Specification and Design

Shape of the tank should be rounded shaped (As per the attached Snapshot)

Max height should be 50 Feet from the plinth level

Capacity for 50 homes with average 5 persons/home (250 Persons) MS Stairs

with
Average use of water per person/Day is 90 Gallons. Railing
Bracing
3.785 Litters of water come in one gallon
Beams
Total capacity of the tank would be 22500 gallons or 85200 Litters of water

Size of 1000 Liters of water is 1 M³ of the tank size

Supply
Total size of the tank would be 85 M³ Pipe
Internal Measurements should be 6 x 3 meters {3.14 x (dxd)/4)

Beams

Columns

Proposed sketch/Design
 1. Purpose of planning

A definitive reason for Planning is to make a model that allows you to foresee which Activities and Resources are basic to the timely completion

of the project. Methodologies may then be represented to guarantee that these Activities and Resources are Managed appropriately, hence

ensuring that the Project will be conveyed both On Time and Within Budget.

Primavera P6 helps organizations plan out projects to make sure that they are completed in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Many

companies struggle to complete projects on time because they run in to delays, over distribute resources, surpass their budget, and schedule

incorrectly.

Points to consider while Planning in Primavera

Understand the P6 Settings, (admin and user preferences)

Identify the total scope of the project and plan to deliver it,

Evaluate different project delivery methods,

Identify Products/Deliverables

Identify and optimize the use of resources and evaluate if target dates may be met,

Provide a project baseline plan, against which evolution is measured,

Assist management to think ahead and make informed decisions.

 2. Phases of project management

Developed by the Project Management Institute (PMI), there are five phases of project management. It is also called the Project Life Cycle

1. Conception and initiation,

2. Planning,

3. Execution,

4. Monitoring and control

5. Project close

Phase 1: Project Initiation

In this phase the project has been initiated officially by creating Project Charter. High level objectives have been identified in the project

Charter, budget, scope and time has been decided, and project manager has been assigned in this stage.

Phase 2: Project Planning

This phase is key to successful project management and focuses on developing a roadmap that everyone will follow. In this phase procedures,

rules, standards etc. have been decide to how to achieve the high-level objectives under the triple constraint’s environment.
 Phase 3: Project Execution

This is the phase where deliverables are actually started and try to complete as per the plan. A “kick-off” meeting usually marks the start of the

Project Execution phase where the teams involved are informed of their responsibilities.

Phase 4: Project Monitoring and control

In this phase the project progress and performance has been measure as per the planned standards and procedures. And ensure that everything is

happing as it has been planned

Phase 5: Project Close

In this phase all the documents have been getting closed, the resource has been released if it has been outsourced.

Contractors hired to work on this project are terminated. In this stage one very important document has been made which is called lesson

learned. One meeting has been arranged with the client or the important stakeholders take verification of the done deliverables and close the

project officially.
Level of Effort

Time
Fig. 2.1

Graphical representation of the Project Life Cycle

 3. EPS: Enterprise Project Structure

The EPS Stands for (Enterprise Project Structure)

The EPS in Primavera P6 is a logical, meaningful, hierarchical arrangement of all the projects in the organization. This shows that in which

areas the company is operating. It Is available to all the projects past, present, and the future projects.

We can make and edit EPS by clicking on “Enterprise” menu and clicking on “Enterprise Project Structure” on P6

First, we make EPS and then we Insert Projects inside the Specific EPS.

Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2

I have created an EPS named “UMT” then insert a sub EPS named “IT Application in Project Management”
 4. Project Level / Project Detail pane and Settings

The projects have been already leveled in the default sample projects as per their specific Domain. I have created my own project in the “IT

applications in Project Management” EPS with the name of “Overhead RCC Water Tank”. If we have multiple projects then we have to level the

projects as per their specific Domain and priority.

Project detail Pane is given on the bottom place in p6. Use the Activity Details pane tabs to view and edit project, activity, and WBS

information. The tabs and information that display are depending on our requirements, we can show and hide the tabs by right clicking on the

panel and choose “Customize Project Details”. We can hide and show the pan form the “view” menu by clicking on “show on bottom” and then

choose “details” or “no bottom layout”

Some of the important tabs are as follows in Project Detail Pane.

General Tab of the Activity Details Pane
Note Book
Defaults
Budget Log
Spending Plan
Budget Summary
Calculations
 View and close the detail tab and how to customize the details tab.

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.2
 5. Main Settings User Preference / Admin preference.

First in user preferences we should set the Time Units that Primavera will use for activities and their resources. Time Units settings control the

way of Primavera P6 displays & manages values of activity durations & resource assignments.

Properly setting the user preferences is very important to creating a schedule that supports the common guidelines that we may be working with

& can also support projects having short or unusually long durations.

If we want to set the activity in hours then select hour setting in duration format. And if we want day setting then choose day & if you want to do

activities in week then select week setting.

Fig. 5.1 Fig. 5.2

 Admin preference
WE use the Admin Preferences dialog box for identifying default settings recognized by the project administrator And we can also display

options for using Contract Management with Primavera P6 Professional. I have did the following settings in admin preferences.

Chose the industry “Engineering and Construction”

Start day of the week “Monday”

Default duration “1”

Time periods

Fig. 5.3

Fig. 5.4
 6. Maintaining / Assigning Modification of Calendars

Project Scheduling is not taking place without a Primavera P6 Calendar

Calendars in Primavera P6

In P6 Calendars allow us to define & make Calendars according to our need of work days and work hours. We can also add holidays according

to our need in p6 calendar. We can also create an unlimited number of calendars to accommodate our different Projects.

We can also assign calendars to each resource and activity to control time constraints properly.

Primavera P6 has three types of calendars such as…

Global Calendar are built in standard calendars which can be assigned to any project, activity & resource in the database.

Project Calendar which can be assigned to a specific project and its activities only. They can not be assigned to resources.

Resource Calendar which can be assigned to a specific resource. These types of calendars used in a special case where the availability

of the resources (Material/Machinery/ Labor etc.) is critical. These types of calendars cannot be assigned to a project or its activities.

We can easily change the calendars or shift the calendars from one category to another by clicking on

To Global, To Shared, To Personal as per our requirements.

To add or modify calendars we have to select “Enterprise” Menu, then click on “calendars”

Following settings, I have done in the calendar.

Have created a Global calendar named “Lahore_8x6_2020” from the 6 work day Global calendar

Set the working hours from 8 to 5 including 1-hour mid-day lunch break.

Set up the work week 8 hours per day

Set up the work and non-work days for the year 2020 as per Pakistan public holidays for Lahore City.

Fig. 6.1

Fig. 6.2

Fig. 6.3
 7. What is a Work Breakdown Structure?

Breaking work into smaller tasks could be a common productivity technique want to make the work more manageable and approachable. For

projects, the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is that the tool that utilizes this method and is one among the foremost important project

management documents. It integrates scope, cost and schedule baselines ensuring that project plans are aligned. The WBS could be Deliverable

based, Phase based or package based as per the project size and requirements

The Importance of a Work Breakdown Structure

The WBS helps makes planning consistent and provides for effective project execution. It helps us such as…

Creating Measurable and Independent Tasks

Assigning Costs to Each Task

Track Progress in a Schedule

Define the Scope of the Project

Fulfill Intended Purposes

Assign Responsibility for the Tasks

 WBS for the RCC Water tank Project

Tree view or List

Fig. 7.1

Fig. 7.2 Network view/Graphical view

 8. Adding Activities in Primavera P6

In Primavera P6 an activity is the basic unit of a schedule. It is defined as a specific thing which must be accomplished in order to complete a

project deliverable. Within a project, activities are organized within WBS elements There are following types of activities

Start Milestone

Finish Milestone

Task Dependent

WBS Summery

Level of Effort

Recourse Dependent

Start Milestone

It will be the first activity where the work starts and its duration is zero.

Task Depended Activity

These activities have duration and will calculate duration using assigned calendar even when one or more resources are assigned to an activity.

Finish Milestone Activity

It’s the activity where the activity works end and it’s also had no duration.
 9. Duration type and % complete type

% Percent Complete Type

The Percent Complete type should be understood if it is intended to be used to update (status or progress) the schedule. When adding activities to

a Primavera P6, you have three possible percent complete types to choose from:

• Duration

• Physical

• Units

Which one we choose depends on our desired outcome.

Duration % complete

This option is used to calculate progress from the Original Duration and Remaining Duration values. Enter a percentage % value in the Activity

% complete column or directly into the Duration % complete column. Primavera P6 will automatically calculate the Remaining Duration for the

activity. Or enter a Remaining Duration value and let P6 calculate the percentage.

Physical % complete

The percent complete values will be entered by the user manually. Entering a value in the Activity % complete field will update the Physical %

Complete value. The Physical % Complete type is required if we want to use Steps to drive progress.
 Unit % Complete

The Units % Complete type is used when resources are assigned to an activity and

Actual units worked will be tracked.

We can add an activity by clicking on the plus mark at the “Add” on the right top corner of the primavera screen, we can change the activity type

and the % complete at the “General” tab at the bottom “details” tab

Fig. 9.1
 10. Adding Relationships

Once activities and activity durations have been added in Primavera P6, connecting activities with relationships is important for finding the true

length of the project. Relationships between Activities enabling us to compute accurate project Duration, and also helping us ensure that the project

duration is as short as Possible.

Relationships

There are four types of relationships/dependencies available in Primavera P6:

Finish-to-Start (FS)

Start-to-Start (SS)

Finish-to-Finish (FF)

Start-to-Finish (SF)

Finish-to-Start (FS)

This is the most logical and most often used relationship type. In this case, A must finish before B starts. This is an expression of a relationship

between these two activities only.

Start-to-Start (SS)

This is the relationship when two tasks must begin at the same time.
 Finish-to-Finish (FF)

This is when two tasks must finish at the same time.

Start-to-Finish (SF)

This is the least common of the relationships, and can be a bit confusing. It means that B may not finish until A starts.

Predecessor

an activity that controls the start or finish of another immediate activity,

Successor

an activity where start or finish depends on the start or finish of another immediately preceding activity.

Fig. 10.1
Most relationships are Finish to start just some activities are starting simultaneously as per the requirement of the project and to reduce critical

activities as much as possible

For example, Activity no A1190 starting simultaneously with the activity no A1150 with 0 lag

Fig. 10.2
 Positive Lag (Lag)

A successor activity is start later when positive Lag is assigned. For example, an activity requiring a 3-days delay between finish of one activity

and start of another will require a positive lag of 3 days.

Activity no A1550 starting after activity no A1140 with 28 days positive lag

Fig. 10.3
 Negative Lag (Lead)

A lag may be negative when a new activity may be started before the predecessor activity is finished. This is called Lead or Negative Lag.

Activity no A1490 starting after activity no A1360 with 3 days negative lag

Fig. 10.4

Note that I gave the example just to understand the concept, otherwise it was not needed because the activity is not critical or doesn’t having

driving relationship, which means that this lead is not helping too much to get free float or to reduce the critical activities.
 11. Circular Relationship

It’s a logic error some time happened by mistake of the planning engineer, it means that if Activity A is the Predecessor of Activity B or C. then

some times by mistake the activity a has been assigned as successor or the activity C, causing Logic error in primavera.

Fig. 11.1

We when schedule it the it will prevent us from

scheduling and will show us the following error as per
the fig.11.2

Activity No. A1500 became the successor of the

Activity No. A1540 which was already the successor
of the A1500 indirectly.

Fig. 11.2
 Network Diagram

By clicking on Network diagram icon, it will show the following picture in the following picture it with show the its forward pass and backward

pass calculations also show the relations

Critical Relation That will be shown in Red

Driving Relation that will show in solid black arrows

Non-Driving Relations That will be seen in dotted black arrows

Example of Critical, non critical, driving, non driving relationships Fig. 11.1
 12. Critical activities

These are the activities which doesn’t having any float, which means that delaying those activities will affect the finish date of the project. It’s

important to define critical activities in the schedule. Primavera p6 represents the critical activities or the relationship with red color by default.

Fig. 12.1

Fig. 12.2
After Applying Critical filter p6 will show us the critical activities only
 13. Network Diagram

Network Diagram is a flow chart of activities or tasks which make up a project. Network diagram demonstrates how each activity relates to other

activities it shows by the arrows and it provides a logical flow of events. It helps to sequential relationships of activities in a project. This

diagram also displays, similar to the Gantt chart, activities performed in the series. The network diagram is not a replacement for the Gantt chart,

but a valued complement. It is easier for the user to understand by the visual presentation that how-to activities are connect

Here is the example of a network diagram for or project for a specific WBS Level

Fig. 13.1
 Forward pass

Forward pass is a technique to move forward through network diagram to calculate activity duration and finding the critical path or Free Float of

the project. ES and EF use the forward pass technique.ES stand for early start whereas EF early finish.

Backward pass

Backward pass is opposite to the forward pass. It refers to the calculation of late finish dates and late start dates for the portions of schedule

activities that have not been completed.

The difference between late start and early start is float.

Example for the Forward Pass and Backward pass

Fig. 13.2
 14. Type of Constraints

Constraints are ground realities over-rule the logical start and finish time of the activity.

There are two types of constraints:

Project Constraints and Activity Constraints

Project Constraints:

Project Constraints which includes the Project Start Date and Project Finish Date. A Project Start Date called Project Planned Start in P6 is the

earliest date that any activity may be scheduled to start. A Project Finish Date is optional, but once set this controls Total Float.

Activity Constraints:

Often examples of activity constraints would be:

Start on or After for the availability of a site to Start the work.

Finish on or Before for the date that a project must be completed.

 Application:

Constraints are used in Primavera P6 to connect the start or finish of individual activities.

For understanding and to check if my critical activities get reduced, I have put “finish or before” constraint to activity

no. A1190

Fig. 14.1
For understanding I have put “start or before” constraint to activity no. A1030

Fig. 14.2
 15. Activity Notebook & Project Level notebook

Activity notebook is a very useful tool in primavera p6 in which the project manager can note down the important topics regarding the project.

Notebook topics in Primavera P6 are a way to highlight project details that require special attention. Notebook topics are a way for project

managers to highlight issues that are not captured in the schedule’s definition of deliverables and activities which are the associated the main

deliverable.

Notebooks Topics can be available at multiple levels of P6. You can assign the Notebook Topic to the EPS, Project, WBS and Activity levels.

The most common use is at the project or activity level.

 Example of the Activity Notebook

Fig. 15.1
 16. Grouping sorting

The feature of group and sort has an importance of possible options to select for the display of the activity table. It, however, is most common to

group by the WBS elements. This will show the hierarchy of the WBS and the associated activities all in the activity table.

By function the Group and Sort in Primavera P6 can be a powerful tool if you know how to layer grouping levels. As a report for your team or

your manager you can print a layout with specific groupings.

We can open the group and sort window by clicking on the “Group and sort by” icon on the toolbar

Fig. 16.1
The following window will be opened, so we can easily group and sort or activities as per the below list, currently it

is sort be WBS levels

Fig. 16.2
 17. Usage of different layouts (plfs) format

We can save our layout using P6 Project Layout Files PLFs. In Primavera P6, it can take some effort to achieve an agreeable look and feel for

the presentation and/or layout of your schedule activity table and Gantt chart. we can save these layouts and use for reporting on other projects as

well. We can create different type of layouts as per out needs and the project requirements or any specific purpose.

For example, I have created this layout just to assign relationships to the activities easily.

Fig. 17.1
 18. Usage of Baseline

In primavera p6 we can make many copies of the project and assign them to either of two types of baselines: a project baseline or a user baseline.

The project baseline is the main baseline that is used for tracking variance and for earned value calculations. The project baseline should not be

changed unless an official administrative change process has been followed.

Setting a Baseline

To set a baseline First of all from the “project” menu click on “maintain the Baselines”

and save a copy of the current project as Baseline and title it as per the preference Baseline.

After that assign an appropriate type such as customer Sign-off and close.

The click on the “assign baseline” from the “project” menu, assign the saved copy as project and user baseline.

And from the bars menu we have to enable the baseline bars.
Step-1

Fig. 18.1

Step-2

Fig. 18.2
 Now from the assign baseline window we need to assign the maintained baseline as project baseline and user baseline

Fig. 18.3

Next step is to enable the required baseline

bars from the bars window

Fig. 18.4
 Now I am saving the layout as “Classic user Baseline layout” as user layout, because then I can use the layout in other projects as well,

whenever I needed to check the baseline variances

Fig. 18.5
 19. Progress and updating of project

After setting a baseline, when the work is actually started then we update the progress time to time in the schedule. We can update the

schedule by activity % complete by choosing any of the % complete type or by putting actual start and finish dates.

Fig. 19.1
 20. Resources

In p6 there are three types of resources Labor, Material, and Equipment, these all are capable the completion of a project activity. When the

project Manager or Resource manager in a matrix organization knows the availability of project labor team members, these placeholders can be

replaced with the individual labor resources in the project database.

Roles
In p6 a role is a job, duty, skill or a function. Resources are a person and role are the duty of person.

Types of resources

In p6 there are three types of resources Material, Labor, Non-Labor.

Labor
Labor includes people who perform the actual task in p6. For example, PM, SE, PS, PO, etc, Labor resources are uniform in time unit.

Non-labor
Non-labor resources include scaffolding, machinery or any equipment used to perform the task. non-labor resources are uniform in time unit.
 Material
In P6 Material resources include things that are utilize as work is performed. For example pipe, cement, sand, switch boards, nuts, electrical

wires, shuttering etc.

To add a resource, we have to click on the resources from the enterprise menu, new window will be opened, because we didn’t add any

resource to our project the new window will be showing empty.

To add a resource,

we have to right click inside the window and from the filter by we have to click on the All resources,

then I have created a new resource by clicking on the add icon at the right top of the resource screen. the first resource I have named as the

project name. and then add all the required estimated resources under that top resource. We can easily move the resource by clicking on the

arrow keys at the right bottom side of the screen.

Fig. 20.1 Fig. 20.2

 Resource adding, deleting, and moving

Add, delete
resource

Add note Move

to a resource
resource

Fig. 20.3

We can adjust
the units in the

units & prices

Fig. 20.4
tab
If some specific unit of measure is not available then we can add the specific required unit of measure from the admin categories from the

Admin Menu
Added two
new units for
the project

Fig. 20.5
 21. Project budget showing direct cost and indirect cost

Project budget basically the whole cost of your project and the project managers estimate the total cost of a project. The project budget

includes such type of costs like, Labor cost, Material procurement costs, and operating costs.

Direct cost
Direct cost is directly linked with your project. A direct cost can be traced to the cost object, which can be a service, product, or department.

Direct cost also includes fixed cost. Some examples of direct costs are listed below,

Direct labor

Direct materials

Manufacturing supplies

Wages for the production staff

Fuel or power consumption

 Indirect cost

Indirect cost is not directly linked with your project indirect costs are those costs not readily identified with a specific project or organizational

activity but incurred for the joint benefit of both projects and other activities. Indirect costs are usually grouped into common pools and charged

to benefiting objectives through an allocation process/indirect cost rate. Some examples of indirect costs are listed below,

Indirect costs related to transport

Administration cost

Selling & distribution cost

Office cost

Security cost

Shipping and Postage

Utilities and rent

 I have put expense as indirect cost to a WBS summary activity no. A1590 in the following fig. no. 21.1

Fig. 21.1

I have put expense as indirect cost to activity no. A1540 in the following fig. no. 21.2

Fig. 21.2
 22. Layout showing all respective costs lab cost, non-lab cost, material cost, expense cost.

Lay out has been created showing all the above-mentioned costs.

Fig. 22.1
 23. Total cost, total at completion

The following layout is showing the total cost at completion

The .plf will be sanded accordingly

Fig. 23.1
 24. Schedule log

Schedule log basically a report of your project. Schedule log is a simple tracking document that is used to check the progress of your project. With

the help of this report project team, and project managers easily understand where is the project stand.

We can get the log file from the default save folder easily

The file will be attached with the project accordingly

Fig. 24.1
 Important notes

As it is a mock project so all the prices and durations are assumptions and experienced based, its not as per the
current market rates

There are lot of critical activities in the project, it is as per the project nature. We are having very few work
packages, that is why we were not having enough choices to run two are more activities simultaneously, so we
could reduce the critical activities.

Our project is tall structure and were not having more architectural items it was totally concrete structure. And
almost every activity was dependent on the previous activity. And the work is almost totally step by step. That is
why we are having more critical activities in a loop or series.

The prices are showing dollar symbol which is actually representing Pakistani rupees, Pakistani Rupees doesn’t
have any currency symbol, so we kept it as it as by purpose and thought to explain it in the end note to avoid
further completions or confusion.

We didn’t show the progress because we are considering that we are in planning phase, we didn’t start the project
yet physically.

Although it was a simple project, but when start planning then we realize that it has lot of activities. So maybe it
seems complicated, but we are sure that it was the project requirements to sub divide each work package as much
as possible to do proper planning. And to get more accuracy.

Thanks