Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ROSHNI.M
Presented by,
PALB6078
Advances in Microbial
Wednesday, June 14, 2017
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Selected strains of beneficial soil microorganisms
cultured in the laboratory and packed in a suitable
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carrier which increase the availability or uptake of
nutrients for plants
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Biofertilizers are low cost renewable sources of plant
nutrients
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Maintenance of soil health
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• Launch of ‘nitragin’- a laboratory culture of rhizobia – 1895
• In India – first study and commercial production of rhizobium
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-1956 by V.N Joshi
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Wednesday, June 14, 2017
• National biofertilizer development centre- Ghaziabhad
• Central sector scheme- NPDB- National Project on
Development and use of Biofertilizers
• Financial Assistance increased from 13 lakh to 20 lakh per unit
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• Government plays a dominant role in marketing by three ways
I. State government via district level officers and village level
workers
II. State marketing federation via co-opertive bodies and
farmers
III. State agro industries co-operation via agro service centres
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Important Biofertilizer Producing States
Madhya
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Pradesh 2455
3257
Kerala
6318
Gujarat
8691
Tamil Nadu
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Name of bio- Contribution Beneficiaries
fertilizer
A) Nitrogen a) Fixes 50-30 kg N/ha Pulses legumes: Cowpea, Green gram,
1) Rhizobium {Sy b) Leaves residual nitrogen Black gram, Pea, Gram
mbiotic} c) Increase yield by 10 –30% Oil legumes: Groundnut, Soyabean
2) Azotobacter a) Supplies 20-40mg N/g of carbon source Mustard, sunflower, banana, sugarcane,
b) Promotion of growth substances like vitamins, B grapes,papaya,watermelon, tomato, chilly
Group, IAA and Gibberellic acid ladyfinger,coconut,spices,flower,plantation
c)10-15% increase in yield crops, forest sp.
d)Maintains soil fertility
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e)Biological control ofplant disease, suppresses plant
pathogens
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*Improve quality and quantity of produce.
*Improve fertilizer use efficiency.
*More biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
*Improve soil health.
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*Residual Effect.
*Make the system more sustainable.
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• Immobilization of microorganisms however
improves their shelf-life and field efficacy.
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• To overcome the drawbacks of other formulations,
results in extended shelf-life, and controlled
microbial release from formulations enhancing
their application efficacy.
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The beads are
biodegradable and produce
no environmental pollution
The released bacteria are
available for root
colonization immediately
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at seed germination.
Stored at ambient
temperature over a long
period without loss of
bacterial content
storage requires a limited
space, and the quality
control of a number of
bacteria in the bead is
simple 11
market
bio-fertilizers in the
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Stages of development of biofertilizers
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Mass production
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population of 10¹º to 10¹¹
Under optimum condition this population level could be
attained within 4-5 days for Rhizobium 5-7 days for
Azospirillum and 6-7 days for Azotobacter.
The culture obtained in the flask is called Starter culture
For large scale production , inoculum from starter culture is
transferred in to large flasks / fermentor and grown until 15
required level of cell count is reached
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Rhizobium: YEMA(yeast extract mannitol Agar+
congored)
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chloride
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Incubated at 30±2ºC for 5-7 days in rotary shaker
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Cells are grown in fermentor by providing aeration & continuous
stirring
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Water holding capacity of more than 50%
Easy to process
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Preparation of inoculants packet
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to the sterilized carrier and mixed well by manual or
mechanical mixer
Inoculants are packed in a polythene bags sealed
with electric sealer
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Specification of the polythene bags
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Strain number
The crops to which recommended
Method of inoculation
Date of manufacture
Batch number
Date of expiry
Price
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Full address
storage instruction
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Right type of microorganism
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Quality of inoculants- success or failure and acceptance or
rejection
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Seed treatment/pelleting
Root dipping
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Set treatment
Soil applications
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• Seed treatment is a most common method adopted
for all types of inoculants. The seed treatment is
effective and economic
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• The seeds are treated with biofertilizer are kept in
shed for 30 mins and then seed become ready for
sowing
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• Sugarcane, cut pieces of potato and base of banana
suckers
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with 40-50L of water (1:50)
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• The seedlings are uprooted from nursery and cleaned
their roots in water dipped in solution of biofertilizer
and kept in atleast 20 mins and transplant immediately
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• Ratio about 1:10
• For root dipping : Dissolve the 1 pkt of biofertilizer with
20 litres of water (200-300 plants)
• One packet in 2 litres is sufficient to treat 200-300 sets
under cutting method 28
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• The mixture of biofertilizer + compost + soil
applied on land before sowing of seed or
transplanting of the main field
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• The mixture of biofertilizer and cattle
manure/soil sprinkled with water is then
broadcasted into the soil at the time of sowing
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or at the time irrigation in standing crop
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SEED TREATMENT
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SOIL APPLICATION
LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER
BIOFERTIGATION
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medium or if growers use the wrong strain, they are
not as effective.
Biofertilizers lose their effectiveness if the soil is too
hot or dry.
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