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held on 7-8 Aug. 2017 2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Social Sciences
(ICETSS) and is available online with DOI: 10.1109/ICETSS.2017.8324138
Abstract - The Internet of Things (IoT) integrated with monitoring device is available, most meetings change to the
various healthcare applications and medical fields such as remote virtual meeting which counts as a considerable saving.
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care system for patients, warning systems for emergencies, fitness Internet of things can somehow reconstruct the healthcare
programs, chronic diseases and also elderly care such as heart systems so all people from anywhere in the world can access
rate checking system, blood pressure measurement system, health
the desired medical facilities [3]. Moreover, frequent
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check systems, artificial heart rate provider and hearing aids.
Furthermore, IoT adopted applications monitor the treatment or examinations and capturing the moment-to-moment health
drugs quantity process. Additionally, many applications are indices have an incredible impact on disease prevention and
produced based on IoT adoption in healthcare systems that are timely treatment. What is important is to implement demanded
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used by doctors to monitor their patients after discharging from infrastructure for new technologies in healthcare systems.
hospital. The aim of this study is to give priority to the adequate The internet of things can remodel and modernize the
healthcare field. The study distinguishes different users of IoT in
healthcare systems as well as its functions and preferences. The
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) along with the
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healthcare systems indeed, and it influences the way people,
machines, and software interact [4]. The modest helps of the
IoT in healthcare systems are remote care system for patients,
development analysis of Chang, Da-Yong has been used to
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prioritize the IoT adoption in healthcare applications.
warning systems for emergencies, fitness programs, chronic
diseases, equipment management, monitoring temperature, air
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Index Terms - Internet of Things, Healthcare applications, quality, energy consumption and elderly care such as heart rate
FAHP. measuring system, blood pressure monitoring machine, health
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consumption to power plants, and even more, the smart selling studies conducted in the context of IoT adoption in healthcare
devices send their product selling information [1]. But could applications and it seems to be imperative to prioritize some
also healthcare systems enter this gaming of big data and move domains of IoT that have the essential dormant in healthcare
along with technology? How to adopt these significant application adoption.
The aim of this study is to give priority to the operative
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associated with common chronic diseases: specific parameters
associated with common chronic diseases including blood dramatically lessen the rate of medical errors and its associated
sugar, blood fat, body water percentage, stress levels and risk financial and critical costs.
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of seizure use productive tools including connectivity systems 5) Patient’s satisfaction: the emphasis on patient's
that are continuously gathering and storing information 24/7. requirements, data accuracy, timely treatment, costs reduction,
4) Periodical collection of specific parameters associated reduction of repeated visit, recording of recovery process, and
with common chronic diseases: specific parameters related to the most significant is the patient actively involvement in
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common chronic diseases including blood sugar, blood fat, treatment process which all possess a positive impact on him.
body water percentage, stress levels and risk of seizure are 6) Medication management: IoT helps the patients in the
adopting smart devices which by connecting to the system
collect and store the reports periodically at adjusted times.
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exact usage of drugs as well as the pharmacies and healthcare
centers to prevent the drug waste [7].
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5) Tracking and monitoring: every object (people, health III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
equipment, etc.) And their abilities to interact with the wireless
sensor network devices are monitored, measured and This research is a revised version of the author’s previous
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controlled 24/7 by connecting bases that are located article [8]; consequently the same conceptual framework is
everywhere with great connections capacity. used to identify the criteria’s influencing IoT healthcare
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6) Remote assistance: healthcare and life services can be adoption. The proposed conceptual model has developed
provided remotely through internet-optimized devices such as based on the incorporation of findings from previous related
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emergency, first aid, healthy houses, diet and medication studies and meetings with specialists. According to the
management, telemedicine and remote diagnostics, social conducted researches, the model presented considers
health networks, etc. innovative as it confers a new framework for classifying the
criteria influencing IoT adoption in healthcare systems. Figure
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Fall Detection
patient, doctors, and physician.
Selecting IoT Applications in Health Sector
8) Sending smart contents to user: through the given life Sportsmen Care
signs and precise parameters associated with common chronic
diseases that is collected per person and according to their Patient Surveillance
Environmental
Protection
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with certain conditions (temperature). IoT can well assume
this task and cause objects interaction. For the implementation of AHP with fuzzy logic, in 1996,
2) Fall Detection: this usage focused on helping the Chinese researchers called Chang presented a development
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physically challenged and elderly in their lives so that they can analysis. The numbers that are used in this method are
live independently. triangular fuzzy numbers. Each triangular fuzzy number is
3) Sportsmen Care: the application used to measure the shown with “(1),” and “(2),” is subjected to the “(3),” joint
weight, sleep, exercise, blood pressure and other relevant
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functions.
parameters for professional athletes. ~
4) Patient Surveillance: used for remote in-hospital A = (l , m, u ) (1)
6) Ultraviolet Radiation: UV rays measurement and In the paired comparisons method, for each of the matrix
notifying the people to stop to enter certain areas or refrain of rows, the Sk value which is also a triangular fuzzy number is
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be calculated. In general, if
help of Smartphone apps records someone’s brushing M 1 towards M 2 defined
information to study the person’s brushing habits and share fuzzy numbers, the large degree of
the statistics with the dentist [9]. as “(5).”
V (M 1 ≥ M 2 ) = 1 ifm1 ≥ m2 ½ (5)
® ¾
IV. METHODOLOGY ¯V (M 1 ≥ M 2 ) = hgt (M 1 M 2 ) ifm1 ≤ m2 ¿
A. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) So that can have “(6).”
FAHP is a method which by developing AHP based on
hgt (M 1 M 2 ) =
(l2 − u1 ) (6)
fuzzy logic, allows the researchers to use the non-exact data in
the analysis. In this study, the researchers used the triangular
(m1 − u1 ) − (m2 − l2 )
fuzzy numbers proposed by Hu et al. [10]. It can be seen in Furthermore, to calculate the weights of the criteria in the
table I. matrix of pairwise comparisons the “(7),” is used:
W ( X ) = min{V (S ≥ S )}k = 1,2,..., n; k ≠ i
i i k
(7)
Therefore, measuring the vector weight is calculated completed questionnaire by experts, doctors, managers and
using “(8),” which is the non-weighted coefficients vector of IoT specialist in Bahrain (for the brevity sake, presenting of
FAHP. each table and FAHP was prevented).
[
W ′ = W ′( x ),W ′( x ),...,W ′( x )
1 2
T
n ] (8) In the following, integrated matrix derived from expert
opinion is given. After calculating the percentage of
These matrices weighted with the help of “(9).” inconsistency tables, all were obtained a result less than 1.0,
Wi′ (9) which represents its consistency and reliability. Finally, it
Wi =
¦Wi′ proceeded to criteria prioritizing using Chang’s finding
developed methods. To prevent the calculation of negative
To achieve a holistic perspective in decision-making weights, first converted the regular decisions matrices to
which is an outcome of the entire expert’s opinion, the paired cellular matrices and then applied FAHP with Chang’s
comparison matrices must be combined. To achieve this development analysis approach. It is notable that for
purpose, the geometric mean method used in group decision- shortening the article, the details of each calculating were
making. The “(10),” shows the relationship between the filtered, and only cellular normalized decision tables are
compositions of the experts. In this definition, L is the shown.
number of decision makers.
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1 (10) A. Weighting and Prioritization Criteria and Sub-Criteria
§ k ~ ·k
X ij = ¨¨ ∏ X ijL ¸¸ As stated, in Chang’s development analysis approach, the
© L =1 ¹ integrated regular decision matrix is cellular, and Chang’s
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algorithm is implemented. Then by the implementation of
In most of the available resources such as books and
AHP and Chang’s approach, the weight of each criterion is
articles, the FAHP along with Chang’s development analysis
calculated. As can be seen in table II, the economic prosperity
is used. This method is used sometimes in calculating the
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criteria with the weight of 0.413 achieved the first rank, the
negative weights of criteria and sub-criteria which are
quality of life with the weight of 0.386 set next and the criteria
considered as its primary defect. For preventing the
of environmental protection with the weight of 0.201 achieved
calculation of negative weights and solving these problems,
Chang proposed that firstly the decision matrix converts to
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the last rank.
normal cellular and then run the FAHP along with Chang’s TABLE II
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development analysis. Most of the researchers didn’t pay THE FINAL WEIGHT AND RANK OF THE THREE TOP CRITERIA
attention to this solution. This study uses the modified Criteria’s sign Criteria’s name Criteria’s Priority
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Weight
Chang’s method which is normalization of cellular matrix C1 Economic prosperity 0.413 1
before using the technique, to prevent the calculation of C2 Environmental protection 0.201 3
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techniques is different from reliability assess in statistics. For After calculating the weight of main criteria’s, the weight
each extracted decision matrix from the expert’s view, the of sub- criteria's has to be estimated and prioritized. The
percentage of incompatibility must be calculated. Thus, it results of these calculations presented in Table III.
shows if there is any reasonable consistency between paired
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matrix phase 16. Therefore, the fuzzy decision matrix changes Dental Health 0.126 3
Medical Fridges 0.112 4
to matrices containing final numbers. For this purpose, the
Patient Surveillance 0.109 5
Center of Area (CA) method is used which means converting Fall Detection 0.105 6
the fuzzy numbers to non-fuzzy numbers. Calculation of this Ultraviolet Radiation 0.101 7
approach for fuzzy numbers is shown in “(11).” Hygienic Hand Control 0.093 8
CA =
(u − l ) + (m − l ) +l
(11) Chronic Disease Management 0.064 9
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model using modified fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Conference on Advanced Computing and Intelligent Engineering, India
Undoubtedly, this research can be the basis for making (2016).
[9] Vermesan, Ovidiu, and Peter Friess, eds. Internet of things-from research
other research application model to improve the healthcare
and innovation to market deployment. Aalborg: River Publishers, 2014.
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systems acceptance of IoT and to compare the healthcare [10]Hu, Allen H., Chia-Wei Hsu, Tsai-Chi Kuo, and Wei-Cheng Wu. "Risk
situations in future studies. This study helps the hospitals and evaluation of green components to hazardous substance using FMEA and
the healthcare organizations to have a right decision for FAHP." Expert Systems with Applications 36, no. 3 (2009): 7142-7147.
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implementing the IoT in the context of suitable construction
framework for the use of internet in every househeld health
monitoring machines. On the other hand, it helps the
manufactories to focus on the company's capital factors which
have the greatest influence on the acceptance of this new
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technology.
Although the internet of things can transform the
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