CHAPTER II

1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE

PUBLISHING INDUSTRY

Publishing may be defined as the commercial dissemination of literature or information in

multiple copies and with the probability of multiple formats (e.g., paper, electronic, CD-
ROM, microfilm, microfiche). The publishing industry would include newspaper publishing,
magazine publishing, music publishing, map publishing, government information publishing,
comic book publishing, and book publishing. Publishing requires authors to create content.
Editors work with authors to improve the writing. Scouts look for authors who have stories
that may be profitable for the publisher. Literary agents work with authors to represent and
protect the interests of the authors. Lawyers work with both the author and the publisher to
finalize contracts.

A publishing house usually divides its operation into editorial, design, production, publicity,
sales, distribution, contracts, rights and administration. Publishers must also work with
printers who create the multiple copies or printings of a work, information processors who
make works available electronically, distributors who pack and ship the finished product, and
consumers (e.g., booksellers, libraries, school systems) who buy the content to resell at a
profit or lend as a service. While publishing is a complex combination of commerce and
culture, it is much more multifaceted than that. It involves controversy (such as censorship,
whether for political or propriety reasons), ethical considerations (related to authenticity,
libel, plagiarism, and copyright), value considerations (with regard to taste, propriety, and
aesthetics), international issues (including translations, politics, diplomacy, and markets),
social conditions (related to literacy and education), and philosophical concerns (over
authorship, com-modification, and commercialization). All of these are key factors in the
publishing industry.

As for the physical product of the publishing industry, all books can be divided into the
following categories: (1) trade books, which include both hardback and paperback
publications that are available in easily accessible retail outlets, (2) religious books works
such as devotionals, scriptures, and prayers, (3) textbooks for students ranging from
kindergarten through graduate or professional school, and (4) scientific, technical, and

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medical books. Trade books, which can obviously be divided into paperback publications
and hard-back publications, can be further divided according to the age of the intended reader
and the specific content. Adult books are generally intended for readers who are nineteen
years of age or older. Juvenile books, which are intended for those individuals who are
younger than nineteen years of age, can be further divided into books for young adults and
books for children. The broad content genres for trade books are non-fiction, fiction, drama,
and poetry, but these can each be divided into more specific sub-genres. For example, fiction
can be divided into romance, mystery, westerns, science fiction, fantasy, adventure, military,
historical, horror, and thriller, as well as the emerging areas of splatter punk, cyberpunk, and
prehistoric epics. Within each of these sub-genres, there are also niches that satisfy specific
audiences and interests, such as African-American romance, urban fantasy, glitz and glamour
romance, and techno thrillers.

Publication is also important as a legal concept:

1. As the process of giving formal notice to the world of a significant intention, for
example, to marry or enter bankruptcy
2. As the essential precondition of being able to claim defamation; that is, the
alleged libel must have been published
3. For copyright purposes, where there is a difference in the protection of published and
unpublished works

There are two basic business models in book publishing:

1. Traditional or commercial publishers: Do not charge authors at all to publish their

books, for certain rights to publish the work and paying a royalty on books sold.

2
 2. Self-publishing: The author has to meet the total expense to get the book published.
The author should retain full rights, also known as vanity publishing.

History:

Publishing became possible with the invention of writing, and became more practical upon
the introduction of printing. Prior to printing, distributed works were copied manually,
by scribes. Due to printing, publishing progressed hand-in-hand with the development of
books.

The Chinese inventor Bi Sheng made movable type of earthenware circa 1045, but there are
no known surviving examples of his printing. Around 1450, in what is commonly regarded as
an independent invention, Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type in Europe, along
with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and hand mould. This invention
gradually made books less expensive to produce and more widely available.

Early printed books, single sheets and images which were created before 1501 in Europe are
known as incunables or incunabula. "A man born in 1453, the year of the fall of
Constantinople, could look back from his fiftieth year on a lifetime in which about eight
million books had been printed, more perhaps than all the scribes of Europe had produced
since Constantine founded his city in A.D. 330.

Eventually, printing enabled other forms of publishing besides books. The history of modern
newspaper publishing started in Germany in 1609, with publishing of magazines following in
1663.

Historically, publishing has been handled by publishers, with the history of self-
publishing progressing slowly until the advent of computers brought us electronic publishing,
which has been made evermore ubiquitous from the moment the world went online with
the Internet. The establishment of the World Wide Web in 1989 soon propelled
the website into a dominant medium of publishing, as websites are easily created by almost
anyone with Internet access. The history of wikis started shortly thereafter, followed closely
by the history of blogging. Commercial publishing also progressed, as previously printed
forms developed into online forms of publishing, distributing online books, online
newspapers, and online magazines.

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Since its start, the World Wide Web has been facilitating the technological convergence of
commercial and self-published content, as well as the convergence of publishing and
producing into online production through the development of multimedia content.

The process of publishing:

Book and magazine publishers spend a lot of their time buying or commissioning copy;
newspaper publishers, by contrast, usually hire their staff to produce copy, although they may
also employ freelance journalists called stringers. At a small press, it is possible to survive
by relying entirely on commissioned material. But as activity increases, the need for works
may outstrip the publisher's established circle of writers.

For works written independently of the publisher, writers often first submit a query letter or
proposal directly to a literary agent or to a publisher. Submissions sent directly to a publisher
are referred to as unsolicited submissions, and the majority come from previously
unpublished authors. If the publisher accepts unsolicited manuscripts, then the manuscript is
placed in the slush pile, which publisher's readers sift through to identify manuscripts of
sufficient quality or revenue potential to be referred to acquisitions editors for review. The
acquisitions editors send their choices to the editorial staff. The time and number of people
involved in the process are dependent on the size of the publishing company, with larger
companies having more degrees of assessment between unsolicited submission and
publication. Unsolicited submissions have a very low rate of acceptance, with some sources
estimating that publishers ultimately choose about three out of every ten thousand unsolicited
manuscripts they receive.

Many book publishers around the world maintain a strict "No unsolicited submissions"
policy and will only accept submissions via a literary agent. This policy shifts the burden of
assessing and developing writers out of the publisher and onto the literary agents. At these
publishers, unsolicited manuscripts are thrown out, or sometimes returned, if the author has
provided pre-paid postage.

Established authors may be represented by a literary agent to market their work to publishers
and negotiate contracts. Literary agents take a percentage of author earnings (varying
between 10 and 15 percent) to pay for their services.

Some writers follow a non-standard route to publication. For example, this may include
bloggers who have attracted large readerships producing a book based on their websites,
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books based on Internet memes, instant "celebrities" such as Joe the Plumber, retiring sports
figures and in general anyone a publisher feels could produce a marketable book. Such books
often employ the services of a ghost writer.

For a submission to reach publication, it must be championed by an editor or publisher who

must work to convince other staff of the need to publish a particular title. An editor who
discovers or champions a book that subsequently becomes a best-seller may find their
reputation enhanced as a result of their success.

Acceptance and Negotiation:

Once a work is accepted, commissioning editors negotiate the purchase of intellectual

property rights and agree on royalty rates.

The authors of traditional printed materials typically sell exclusive territorial intellectual
property rights that match the list of countries in which distribution is proposed (i.e. the rights
match the legal systems under which copyright protections can be enforced). In the case of
books, the publisher and writer must also agree on the intended formats of publication —
mass-market paperback, "trade" paperback and hardback are the most common options.

The situation is slightly more complex if electronic formatting is to be used. Where

distribution is to be by CD-ROM or other physical media, there is no reason to treat this form
differently from a paper format, and national copyright is an acceptable approach. But the
possibility of Internet download without the ability to restrict physical distribution within
national boundaries presents legal problems that are usually solved by selling language or
translation rights rather than national rights. Thus, Internet access across the European
Union is relatively open because of the laws forbidding discrimination based on nationality,
but the fact of publication in, say, France, limits the target market to those who read French.

Having agreed on the scope of the publication and the formats, the parties in a book
agreement must then agree on royalty rates, the percentage of the gross retail price that will
be paid to the author, and the advance payment. The publisher must estimate the potential
sales in each market and balance projected revenue against production costs. Royalties
usually range between 10–12% of recommended retail price. An advance is usually 1/3 of the
first print run total royalties. For example, if a book has a print run of 5000 copies and will be
sold at $14.95 and the author is to receive 10% royalties, the total sum payable to the author
if all copies are sold is $7475 (10% x $14.95 x 5000). The advance in this instance would

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roughly be $2490. Advances vary greatly between books, with established authors
commanding larger advances.

Pre-production stages:

Although listed as distinct stages, parts of these occur concurrently. As editing of text
progresses, front cover design and initial layout takes place, and sales and marketing of the
book begins.

Editorial stage:

A decision is taken to publish a work, and the technical legal issues resolved, the author may
be asked to improve the quality of the work through rewriting or smaller changes and the
staff will edit the work. Publishers may maintain a house style, and staff will copy edit to
ensure that the work matches the style and grammatical requirements of each market. Editors
often choose or refine titles and headlines. Editing may also involve structural changes and
requests for more information. Some publishers employ fact checkers, particularly regarding
non-fiction works.

Design stage:

When a final text is agreed upon, the next phase is design. This may include artwork being
commissioned or confirmation of layout. In publishing, the word "art" also indicates
photographs. Depending on the number of photographs required by the work, photographs
may also be licensed from photo libraries. For those works that are particularly rich in
illustrations, the publisher may contract a picture researcher to find and license the
photographs required for the work. The design process prepares the work for printing through
processes such as typesetting, dust jacket composition, specification of paper quality, binding
method and casing.

The type of book being produced determines the amount of design required. For standard
fiction titles, the design is usually restricted to typography and cover design. For books
containing illustrations or images, design takes on a much larger role in laying out how the
page looks, how chapters begin and end, colours, typography, cover design and ancillary
materials such as posters, catalogue images, and other sales materials. Non-fiction illustrated
titles are the most design intensive books, requiring extensive use of images and illustrations,
captions, typography and a deep involvement and consideration of the reader experience.

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The activities of typesetting, page layout, the production of negatives, plates from the
negatives and, for hardbacks, and the preparation of brasses for the spine legend
and Imprint are now all computerized. Prepress computerization evolved mainly in about the
last twenty years of the 20th century. If the work is to be distributed electronically, the final
files are saved in formats appropriate to the target operating systems of the hardware used for
reading. These may include PDF files.

Sales and marketing stage:

The sales and marketing stage is closely intertwined with the editorial process. As front cover
images are produced, or chapters are edited, sales people may start talking about the book
with their customers to build early interest. Publishing companies often produce advanced
information sheets that may be sent to customers or overseas publishers to gauge possible
sales. As early interest is measured, this information feeds back through the editorial process
and may affect the formatting of the book and the strategy employed to sell it. For example, if
interest from foreign publishers is high, co-publishing deals may be established whereby
publishers share printing costs in producing large print runs thereby lowering the per-unit
cost of the books. Conversely, if initial feedback is not strong, the print-run of the book may
be reduced, the marketing budget cut or, in some cases, the book is dropped from publication
altogether.

Printing:

After the end of editing and design work, the printing phase begins. The first step involves
the production of a pre-press proof, which the printers send for final checking and sign-off by
the publisher. This proof shows the book precisely as it will appear once printed and
represents the final opportunity for the publisher to find and correct any errors. Some printing
companies use electronic proofs rather than printed proofs. Once the publisher has approved
the proofs, printing – the physical production of the printed work – begins.

Recently new printing process has emerged, such as printing on demand (POD) and web-to-
print. The book is written, edited, and designed as usual, but it is not printed until the
publisher receives an order for the book from a customer. This procedure ensures low costs
for storage and reduces the likelihood of printing more books than will be sold. Web-to-print
enables a more streamlined way of connecting customers to printing through an online
medium.

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Binding:

In the case of books, binding follows upon the printing process. It involves folding the
printed sheets, "securing them together, affixing boards or sides to it, and covering the whole
with leather or other materials".

Distribution:

The final stage in publication involves making the product available to the public, usually by
offering it for sale. In previous centuries, authors frequently also acted as their own editor,
printer, and bookseller, but these functions have become separated. Once a book, newspaper,
or another publication is printed, the publisher may use a variety of channels to distribute it.
Books are most commonly sold through booksellers and through other retailers. Newspapers
and magazines are typically sold in advance directly by the publisher to subscribers, and then
distributed either through the postal system or by newspaper carriers. Periodicals are also
frequently sold through newsagents and vending machines.

Within the book industry, printers often fly some copies of the finished book to publishers as
sample copies to aid sales or to be sent out for pre-release reviews. The remaining books
often travel from the printing facility via sea freight. Accordingly, the delay between the
approval of the pre-press proof and the arrival of books in a warehouse, much less in a retail
store, can take some months. For books that tie into movie release-dates (particularly
for children's films), publishers will arrange books to arrive in store up to two months prior to
the movie release to build interest in the movie.

Industry sub-divisions:

Newspaper publishing:

Newspapers are regularly scheduled publications that present recent news, typically on a type
of inexpensive paper called newsprint. Most newspapers are primarily sold to subscribers,
through retail newsstands or are distributed as advertising-supported free newspapers. About
one-third of publishers in the United States are newspaper publishers.

Periodical publishing:

Nominally, periodical publishing involves publications that appear in a new edition on a

regular schedule. Newspapers and magazines are both periodicals, but within the industry, the
periodical publishing is frequently considered a separate branch that includes magazines and

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even academic journals, but not newspapers. About one-third of publishers in the United
States publish periodicals (not including newspapers).

Book publishing:

The global book publishing industry accounts for over $100 billion of annual revenue, or
about 15% of the total media industry.

Book publishers represent less than a sixth of the publishers in the United States.  Most books
are published by a small number of very large book publishers, but thousands of smaller book
publishers exist. Many small- and medium-sized book publishers specialize in a specific area.
Additionally, thousands of authors have created publishing companies and self-published
their own works.

Within the book publishing, the publisher of record for a book is the entity in whose name
the book's ISBN is registered. The publisher of record may or may not be the actual
publisher.

Approximately 60%  of English-language books are produced through the "Big Five"
publishing houses: Penguin Random House, Hachette, HarperCollins, Simon &
Schuster and Macmillan.

Directory publishing:

Directory publishing is a specialized genre within the publishing industry. These publishers
produce mailing lists, telephone books, and other types of directories. With the advent of the
Internet, many of these directories are now online.

Academic publishing:

Academic publishers are typically either book or periodical publishers that have specialized
in academic subjects. Some, like university presses, are owned by scholarly institutions.
Others are commercial businesses that focus on academic subjects.

The development of the printing press represented a revolution for communicating the latest

hypotheses and research results to the academic community and supplemented what a scholar
could do personally. But this improvement in the efficiency of communication created a
challenge for libraries, which have had to accommodate the weight and volume of literature.

One of the key functions that academic publishers provide is to manage the process of peer
review. Their role is to facilitate the impartial assessment of research and this vital role is not

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one that has yet been usurped, even with the advent of social networking and online
document sharing.

Today, publishing academic journals and textbooks is a large part of an international

industry. Critics claim that standardised accounting and profit-oriented policies have
displaced the publishing ideal of providing access to all. In contrast to the commercial model,
there is non-profit publishing, where the publishing organization is either organised
specifically for the purpose of publishing, such as a university press, or is one of the functions
of an organisation such as a medical charity, founded to achieve specific practical goals. An
alternative approach to the corporate model is open access, the online distribution of
individual articles and academic journals without charge to readers and libraries. The
pioneers of Open Access journals are BioMed Central and the Public Library of Science
(PLOS). Many commercial publishers are experimenting with hybrid models where certain
articles or government funded articles are made free due to authors' payment of processing
charges, and other articles are available as part of a subscription or individual article
purchase.

Tie-in publishing:

Technically, radio, television, cinemas, VCDs and DVDs, music systems, games, computer
hardware and mobile telephony publish information to their audiences. Indeed, the marketing
of a major film often includes a novelization, a graphic novel or comic version, the
soundtrack album, a game, model, toys and endless promotional publications.

Some of the major publishers have entire divisions devoted to a single franchise, e.g.
Ballantine Del Rey Lucas books has the exclusive rights to Star Wars in the United States;
Random House UK (Bertelsmann)/Century Lucas Books holds the same rights in the United
Kingdom. The game industry self-publishes through BL Publishing/Black Library (War
hammer) and Wizards of the Coast (Dragon lance, Forgotten Realms, etc.). The BBC has its
publishing division that does very well with long-running series such as Doctor Who. These
multimedia works are cross-marketed aggressively and sales frequently outperform the
average stand-alone published work, making them a focus of corporate interest.

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Independent publishing alternatives:

Writers in a specialized field or with a narrower appeal have found smaller alternatives to the
mass market in the form of small presses and self-publishing. More recently, these options
include print on demand and eBook format. These publishing alternatives provide an avenue
for authors who believe that mainstream publishing will not meet their needs or who are in a
position to make more money from direct sales than they could from bookstore sales, such as
popular speakers who sell books after speeches. Authors are more readily published by this
means due to the much lower costs involved.

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1.2 COMPANY PROFILE

12
 NEWGEN KNOWLEDGE WORKS

Newgen Knowledge Works is a provider of publishing and digital services and technology
solutions for many of the world’s most prestigious publishers. Newgen was set up in 1996 to
capitalize on the growing trend among academic publishers to offshore the typesetting of
English-language scientific books and journals. Over the past 20 years, we have extended our
service portfolio to anticipate new outsourcing requirements in the publishing industry and
have broadened our client base to different types of content producers and new geographies.
Newgen is an ISO 9001:2008 certified company with 1,100 staff across editorial, production,
and training offices in two Indian cities, and project management staff and managed editorial
freelancers in the United States and the United Kingdom. Our publishing services extend
from content creation and commissioning support through developmental editing, project
management, copyediting, and typesetting to manufacturing management and backlist
conversion. Our group companies develop enterprise software for the creation, management,
and publication of content; create mobile apps and cloud solutions for distribution; and craft
discoverability strategies for publishers. As a single source of outsourced and in-house
services and solutions over the content lifecycle, Newgen helps clients maximize efficiencies
in a competitive market.

Milestones:

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Our Values:

Our Clients:

The Clients of Newgen Knowledge works are listed as,

 Time Inc.
 Yale University press
 Macmillan
 Thames & Hudson
 Frommer’s
 Oxford University press
 WebMD
 University of Chicago press
 IOP Publishing
 Stanford University Press
 Ingram

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Competitors of Newgen:

 Integra
 Jouve
 AIS
 Aptara
 S4Carlisle
 Scope e-knowledge centre
 Amnet systems
 SPI Global
 Molecular Connections

The PROS of the company:

1) Newgen offers an attractive and competitive compensation-and-benefits package,

along with flexible work options.
2)  They take immense pride in being an inclusive and equal-opportunity employer for
talented professionals from diverse backgrounds.
3) The company also offers its employees a “work from home” option for maximisation
of its productivity and taking in mind the concern of its employees.
4) The firm offers a very friendly environment for easy interaction between the author
and publisher.
5) It is a suitable place for fresher and for those who want to learn quickly in the
publishing industry.

The Cons of the company:

1) Newgen knowledge works has incredibly slow process where writing and editing will
be the same regardless of how you want to publish. 
2) The firm has a lack of significant marketing help.
3) The major drawback of the company is that the hike is very slow and limited for a
period of time.

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Values of the company:

 Elimination of redundant process

 Reduction in time to market
 Net reduction in Production costs
 Increase in deliverables
 Consistency in quality
 Deeper client management
 High quality production
 On time delivery

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 1.3 PRODUCT PROFILE

For the past two decades, Newgen has established a reputation as an organization that pursues
excellence and takes pride in engaging deeply with clients globally to create, manage, and
deliver content, and help their customers find it. The Newgen group of companies include: -
Global Publishing Solutions Ltd, which delivers technology solutions to address complex
publishing challenges. - Spectra Global Solutions Ltd, developers of the Fund Hive platform
for financial reporting. - Newgen Digital Works, our digital marketing agency. Since 1996
Newgen has continuously extended its services and solutions portfolio to meet the emerging
requirements in the content industry. With 1,200 staff in India, Malaysia, the UK, and the US,
Newgen offers technology and service solutions over the entire content lifecycle from
acquisition to distribution. We partner with organizations, institutions, and publishers to
produce, enhance, and transform content using compelling digital technologies. Our deep
domain expertise supports clients across the publishing, financial, manufacturing, aerospace,
defense, legislative, and retail sectors. The certain publishing management in Newgen are,

 JAWS Evolve. JAWS Evolve is Newgen's online publication management system

for journals.

 My Own Book. My Own Book (MOB) is Newgen's web-based author management

portal, designed to support the author's.

Jaws Evolve:
JAWS Evolve is Newgen’s online publication management system for journals. Based on a
dedicated web-based “control center,” JAWS Evolve provides coordinated management of
the entire publishing process—from manuscript submission and peer review to finalized
journal articles ready for online distribution.
Here’s what our clients (and our staff!) love about JAWS Evolve:
 Everyone can stay on the “same page “throughout the publication cycle to maximize
efficiency and quality control, and minimize redundancies and headaches.
 All decisions and activities surrounding a journal submission are easily noted as
they’re performed, and then accessible to all designated team members.
 All communications about a journal submission, as well as all actions taken can be
tracked.
 Authors can submit articles through the online system and reviewers can work within
the system as well.

17
 Routine communications can be automated with pre-written email messages, saving
valuable time and avoiding ambiguities. The system can be custom-configured to share
specific notifications, requests, approvals and other documentation to meet your specific
needs.
 Key tech tools are seamlessly incorporated into the production workflow with Jaws
Evolve, including CEGenius for copy editing, Revisor for proofing, and ResearchPad for
distribution onto mobile devices.
 The accepted and edited submissions can be ordered based on editorial choice within
an issue. Articles can be published in any format such as HTML, PDF, EPUB, and MP3.

My Own Book:

My Own Book (MOB) is Newgen’s web-based author management portal, designed to

support the author’s needs during book production.
The portal provides a dedicated, centralized place where authors can access all information
and files needed to complete their work—copy edited chapters for review, art proofs, typeset
proof pages, indexes, tables, and more.
My Own Book also allows authors and their editors or project managers to interact easily
with one another, regardless of location or time. A detailed dashboard schedules and monitors
each milestone between manuscript and publication, so that everyone working on the book is
informed and in sync. The dashboard keeps the production work cycle on track and can be
programmed to send out alerts with key dates or information. For example, a project manager
might set an alert to remind the team when book copies need to be delivered to a conference.
Popular Features of My Own Book:
 Authors can log into the portal from anywhere, on any device with their assigned user
credentials.
 Easy access for authors to the Project Schedule page, which lists all the activities they
need to perform, along with the deadlines.
 Authors have the option to designate when they will be available or unavailable
during the production process. This info automatically shows up as an alert on the project
manager’s display page in case (s) he needs to revise project schedules. All such schedule
changes are then automatically sent to the authors and the rest of the team.
 When the project manager sends a file for author review, the author gets an email
notification containing a direct link to the file and all related instructions. When ready, the

18
 file can be returned by the author through the same link and portal, eliminating the hassle of
switching to another file transfer method to send it back.
 The file review pages in the system provide not only instructions, but also a “To Do”
list and a “Completed” log so authors can quickly see any work they have that is pending.
 There is a built-in alert system to support authors in meeting deadlines, and a file
repository where authors can view all earlier file transfers for their chapters.
 Authors can upload new materials during the course of the project, which will then be
available in the file repository for future reference.
Our work flow for copy editing includes:

Editorial Planning:

Review of the manuscript by a senior editor who determines the extent of editorial work that
is needed and matches the job with an appropriate editor. Job Study and Style Sheet Creation:
Assessment of the manuscript to decide on style and typography; documentation of these
decisions in the style sheet that accompanies the job through typesetting and proofreading.

Pre-Editing:

Normalization of files to remove any unnecessary formatting, and structuring using paragraph
and character styles, running of editorial checks based on the style sheet and reviewing all
changes suggested by automated routines.

XML Tagging:

When your file is submitted for pre-editing, it will be tagged with XML (Extensible Mark-up

Language). The process of XML tagging identifies all the elements in the document and
creates a machine-readable file that can be repurposed to provide a variety of deliverables,
including fully searchable text online, content for e-readers, and archival material. XML also
drives automation. Generating XML at the front end of the process creates a single-source
document file that flows smoothly into copyediting, pagination, proofreading, and there
vision process.

Referencing:

The most time-consuming activity in editing a manuscript, references are cross-checked and

Checked externally against the CrossRef and PubMed online databases to ensure validity and

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Identify URLs.

Copy Preparation:

Checking of citations against references, editing references and bibliography, checking all

Numbering systems (headings, equations, tables, figures, etc.), standardizing the format of

Quotations, flagging the position of floats (figures, tables, boxes), checking of prelims against
the text.

Copy Editing:

Reading the content for sense and to ensure that spelling, hyphenation, capitalization,
punctuation, and grammar are correct and consistent; ensuring that editorial style and tone are
consistent throughout the text; revising where necessary to clarify the author’s intended
meaning, addressing discrepancies, errors, ambiguities, etc., in content and structure;
querying the author or publisher where necessary; and identifying copyright clearance needs
along with any legal issues (libel, plagiarism, blasphemy etc.) to be addressed.

Quality Control:

Checking the edited manuscript against the style sheet and sample edits, providing feedback
to the editor as well as notes on work to be done before the job is passed to Production.

ResearchPad
ResearchPad is a cloud powered ready-made web and mobile publishing platform targeted at
scholarly publishing community. It is a cloud-powered web and mobile publishing platform
for scholarly journals, created for publishers who are embracing the use of mobile apps as a
platform.

Collection of Books & Journals

Number of Publishers: 1905
Number of Journals: 20538
Number of Volumes: 61686
Number of Articles: 800924
Number of Books: 1120

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 CHAPTER III

FUNCTIONAL PORTFOLIOS

2.1 FINANCE PORTFOLIO

All the financing and the payment of Newgen is done through online transactions. Online
transaction is a payment method in which the transfer of fund or money happens online over
electronic fund transfer. Online transaction process (OLTP) is secure and password protected.
Three steps involved in the online transaction are Registration, Placing an order, and,
Payment. Online transactions occur when a process of buying and selling takes place through
the internet. When a consumer purchases a product or a service online, he/she pays for it
through online transaction.

Payment methods:

The buyer has to select the payment option; he/she has various payment options. These
payment pages are secured with very high-level encryptions so that the personal financial
information that you enter (bank/card details) stays completely secure. Some ways in which
you can make this payment are:

 Cash on Delivery:
The Cash on Delivery option lets the buyer pay when he/she receives the product.
Here, the payment is made at the doorstep. The customer can pay in cash, or by debit
or credit card. Most operators impose a limit on the amount of money that can be
collected per delivery or per day using COD services. Limits may be higher for non-
cash payments. Canada Post, for instance, applies a limit of C$1000 for cash, but
C$5,000 for payment by check or money order.
 Cheque:
In this type of payment, the buyer sends a cheque to the seller and the seller sends the
product after the realization of the cheque. The cheque is utilised to make safe,
secure and convenient payments. It serves as a secure option since hard cash is not
involved during the transfer process; hence the fear of loss or theft is minimised.

21
  Net Banking Transfer:
Here, the payment is transferred from the buyer’s account to the seller’s account
electronically i.e. through the internet. After the payment is received by the seller, the
seller dispatches the goods to the buyer. E-banking is the latest in this series of
technological wonders in the recent past which involves use of internet for delivery of
banking products and services.
 Credit or Debit card:
The buyer has to send his debit card or credit card details to the seller, and a particular
amount will be deducted from his/her account. The buyer can directly enter their debit
card details in the payment channel or use their debit card at the bank's ATM to
make payment. Payments using a debit card can be used from anywhere in India and
at any time.
 Digital Cash:
Digital Cash is a form of electronic currency that exists only in cyber space and has
no real physical properties. Here the money in buyer’s bank account is converted into
a code that is saved on a microchip, a smart card or on the hard drive of his computer.
When he makes a purchase, he needs to mention that particular code to the website
and there after the transaction is duly processed.

2.2 MARKETING PORTFOLIO

The process of marketing is that of bringing a product to market.  Marketing practice tended
to be seen as a creative industry, which included advertising, distribution and selling.
However, because the academic study of marketing makes extensive use of social
sciences, psychology, sociology, mathematics, economics, anthropology and neuroscience,
the profession is now widely recognized as a science, allowing numerous universities to offer
Master-of-Science (MSc) programs.

Book Marketing Strategy:

Early in a publishing season, the marketer gets involved to help determine the potential
readers for an individual book, the size of the market for the book, and strategy for how best
to reach the readers who might be interested in the book. Based on the strategy, the marketer
creates a tactical marketing plan (which includes some or all of items 2-6 below). As many
elements of the marketing plan–such as special advance sales materials, point-of-sale

22
displays, advertising, etc.–cost money, the marketing plan is done in the context of the
estimated marketing budget for the book. For major book acquisitions that require large
investments on the part of the publisher, the book marketing department is sometimes
brought into strategize even before the book is acquired–and, as a rule of thumb, the more the
publisher has paid to acquire the book, the greater the marketing budget.
Book Sales Materials Development and Book Sales Support:
Before the book is published, the book marketing department works with the promotion
Department to develop the standard sales tools for each book, such as their description within
the seasonal catalogue of the publisher's list. The sales departments use these to present the
book to booksellers, wholesale distributors, gift stores, libraries, etc. This support also
extends to any book presence at industry trade shows, such as BookExpo America or the fall
trade shows held by the regional independent book seller organizations.
Point-of-Sale Promotional Material Development:
The book marketing department is responsible for managing the design and creation of in-
store signage, bookmarks, and other materials that promote the books to the consumer at the
store level. Note that, with the rise of the online book sales channels, these expensive-to-print
point-of sale items are less prevalent.
Social Media & Blogger Campaign Development:
In some publishing houses, outreach to book bloggers and other related bloggers falls to the
Marketing department; in other houses, bloggers are considered part of the media and sending
Them information about the books being published falls to the publicity department.
While some social media campaigns might be developed in-house (for big-budget books),
social media often falls to the author as part of platform development.
Advertising:
While print advertising has waned, it still exists in vehicles like online ads are more common.
The marketing department and a book's marketing budget determine if, where and when a
book will be advertised.
Sponsorships and Cross Promotion:
Companies whose products dovetail with the audience for books are sometimes tapped to
help cross-promote books. For example, a food company might cross-promote a cookbook
prize or give away on their website. Sponsorships and cross-promotional efforts also involve
other departments (special sales, publicity if a book tour is involved).

23
2.3 OPERATION PORTFOLIO
The Manufacturing Services division at Newgen is responsible for shepherding a product
from manuscript handover through delivery of bound stock to our clients. Our manufacturing
Coordinators are all printing professionals who understand the technology, as well as the
business of printing. We are focused on quality control throughout, coordinating with our
vendors and clients worldwide to ensure on-time, on-budget, high-quality production and
delivery of your product. Responsibilities each of our projects is assigned to one
manufacturing coordinator (MC) who is responsible for overseeing the manufacturing
process. Prior to the Turnover Meeting, when the approved manuscript is received from
editorial, the MC studies all project information and specs. Any queries or clarifications are
then addressed with the development editor and manuscript editor at the meeting. From that
point on, the MC has weekly team meetings to coordinate all aspects of the job.
Responsibilities include:
 Certification of final PDF files before releasing them to the printer.
 Updating client scheduling and inventory systems.
 Choosing printers and suppliers.
 Coordinating supply of needed materials and components.
 Issuing print and bind orders.
 Review of contracts.
 Review of jacket proofs.
 Final sign-off on bound products.
Throughout the process, the MC also serves as point person for communications between
printers, suppliers, and other vendors, as well as the client.
Managing the Database:
All production activities for a given project are documented on a client-provided server. This
allows all projects take holders to have ongoing access to current information—
specifications, schedules, status, vendor information, purchase orders, real-time budget
numbers, and contacts. The MC ensures that all info and instructions in the database are
current and clear. Project status is updated daily.
Printer/Supplier Coordination:
The MC prepares all purchase orders for printing and supplies, which are uploaded to the
server for reference. He or she checks all specs for accuracy and provides the PO and
imposition (page sequence) along with the final manuscript in PDF form to the printer. The
24
 MC performs ongoing follow-up with the printer and suppliers and obtains softcopy
approvals as needed for all components (CDs, binders, tabs, and covers) during production.

Inventory Control:
Once the MC has obtained approvals and released the manuscript for printing, he or she
continues to support the client using the inventory management program until the books are
delivered to the client’s location. This ensures accurate and timely information for the
warehouse team who will receive, maintain, and ultimately release finished product to your
customers. Newgen helps publishers manage the development of manuscripts for books from
submissions, through reviews and approvals. One of Newgen’s most popular services for
publishers is our Virtual Editorial Office, designed to facilitate manuscript development
from initial submission, through editing, reviews, and approvals to handoff of a production-
ready book.
Each project is assigned to a dedicated project manager who handles these services and steps:

Pre-Contract
 Acquisitions Research as Needed: Compiling names and details of contributors.
 Review of Proposal Documentation: Checking all contract details and template
letters in advance of mailings.
 Author Commissioning: Contacting and briefing authors on acceptance, setting
submission terms and dates within established schedules and parameters.
 Finalizing Contracts: Prompting authors, obtaining executed contributor agreements.

Post-Contract
 Obtaining Manuscripts on Time: Pre-deadline reminders to authors and follow-up
prompting for submissions.
 Preparation for External Reviews: Logging submissions, checking for
completeness, assessing usability of art, querying for missing elements, checking for
permissions and acquiring them as necessary, forwarding submissions for peer review.
 Timely External Review: Liaising with reviewers, following up for comments on
submission, arranging payment for reviews, returning comments to authors/editors for
discussion.

25
 Editorial Review: Forwarding chapters for editorial review, returning comments to
authors as appropriate, sending author-revised submissions for final editorial approval.
 Final Manuscript Submission to Publisher: Logging chapter/topic submissions,
checking for completeness and resolution of all pending queries, readying manuscript for
final handoff.

2.4 HUMAN RESOURCES (HR) PORTFOLIO

Human resource (HR) managers are involved with recruitment, training, career development,
compensation and benefits, employee relations, industrial relations, employment law,
compliance, disciplinary and grievance issues, redundancies etc. The job involves keeping up
to date with areas such as employment law, which change often.

In Newgen Knowledge Works, the Human Resources team has been entrusted with the
responsibility to create an intellectually stimulating work environment, which ensures that the
employees enjoy a competitive, collaborative and healthy work environment. ... We
encourage our employees to be focused and customer driven.
 Developing HR planning strategies with line managers by considering immediate and
long-term staff requirements

 Recruiting staff by preparing job descriptions and job adverts; deciding on how best
to advertise

 Short listing applicants for interview using a variety of selection techniques including
psychometric testing Interviewing shortlisted candidates

 Advising on pay and other issues, including promotion and benefits; administer
payroll and maintain staff records

 Interpreting and advising on employment legislation; develop and implement policies

on a variety of workplace issues e.g. disciplinary procedures, absence management,
working conditions, performance management and equal opportunities

 Listening to grievances and implementing disciplinary procedures

 Analyzing training needs in conjunction with line managers; planning and delivering
training, including staff inductions.

26
The firm believe that our senior management team has pioneered our growth and fostered a
culture of innovation, entrepreneurship and teamwork. We invest in our employees through
training and development programs under our performance oriented development plan that
includes induction programs, technical training, leadership development and executive
education programs. This allows us to identify and develop future leadership, build company
allegiance and excellence in delivery through our “customer first” motto and to promote
talent within our Company.
At Newgen, the Human Resources have a Mission aligned to the organization’s mission and
follow the following guidelines:

 Provide comprehensive policies, systems and methods

 Enable culture, where employees can contribute creatively and also leverage ample
self-development opportunities
 Assist in achieving an appropriate balance between flexible and informal approach
 Be an enabling partner for delivering performance at every level
Newgen follows “HR Rep model”, which decentralizes the HR function and puts HR in a
more personal touch with the employees. Newgen’s employees and its comprehensive
Human Resources strategy with special focus on individual and group talent management is
what results in the organization’s healthy growth on a year on year basis.

Total Supplier Product Management

Total Service Product Management (TSPM), is a unique option created for clients seeking a
professional, end-to-end publishing service. Our TSPM package starts with a highly
experienced Senior Manager, who takes the role of a Team Leader—the single point of
contact for your account. Under her or his leadership, Newgen becomes your team, with full
responsibility for the publication of your book or journal, from handover of initial manuscript
through print and online delivery.
Your TSPM Project Manager remains your contact person throughout, managing each phase
of the process, documenting status, maintaining the budget, and facilitating communications
with all stakeholders. Your TSPM Project Manager is committed to making sure that
everyone involved is confident of our work throughout the process, impressed with the
outcome, and delighted with the experience!

27
 The role of the Project Manager in the TSPM process can, of course, be refined to fit your
needs. Here’s what we typically do:
 Author Management: We represent you—the publisher—as the single point of
author contact through email and phone calls, ensuring a positive and professional experience
for the author.
 Communication: Timely, appropriate, concise, and clear communications with all
project stakeholders throughout.
 Budget Management: A commitment to the budget and to tracking costs at every
stage of the process.
 Process Management: Creating the production workflow and making sure that
everything stays on track.
 Scheduling: Establishing all key dates, reviews and deadlines based on the projected
release date of the book and our deep knowledge of the process; accommodating your
specific needs such as marketing deadlines and conference dates.
 Freelance Management: Budgeting, selecting and hiring, briefing, ongoing
assessment of work and deliverables, and documenting performance reviews.
 Reporting: Accurate, up-to-date reports for each title on a daily basis.
 Team Coordination: Ensuring that all information from stakeholders is validated,
disseminated, and acted upon as needed.
 Fierce Quality Control: Period.
 Problem Solving: Anticipating them, addressing them, and correcting them—quickly
—to maintain production quality, budget and schedule.
 Handover: Conducting a detailed, formal review and handover meeting covering all
aspects of the book with your in-house team.

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 CHAPTER IV
STRATEGIC BUSINESS ANALYSIS

3.1 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strength:

Newgen Knowledge works have technical team members who are experts in their platforms,
development tools, and applications. The major publishing books in Newgen are LAW
books. Newgen have their branches worldwide. They even have their office located in
London, UK and Texas, North America. There is no Dress Code for the employers where
they can have the feeling of working at home in the firm. They have a high-quality design
and production, Qualitative data analysis and data management. Product of Newgen is
cheaply priced, so customer base potentially broad. The major strength of Newgen is they
have various Digital books site like

 Reflowable eBooks

29
  Fixed layout eBooks
 Smart pdf
 eBooks to pbooks
Weakness:
The weakness of Newgen knowledge works are they have poor visibility of which products
customers are likely to want to buy. Slow production where a book can take over a year to
publish. The firm has limited marketing budgets for internet publishing. Financial planning is
not done properly and efficiently. Newgen Knowledge Works have a very confidential status
of their books and that they also don’t have a physical set up as to what they are doing.

Opportunities:
Newgen Knowledge Works has its own Virtual Marketing Office, virtual Editorial office
services and a total supplier product management. It is the great opportunity for beginners
who want to be place in publishing sector. New trends in the consumer behaviour can open
up new market for the Newgen. It provides a great opportunity for the organization to build
new revenue streams and diversify into new product categories too. The company also offers
its employees a “work from home” option for maximisation of its productivity and taking in
mind the concern of its employees. The employees have of the option of selecting the
working time to manage their work life balance.

Threats:
The only threat for Newgen Knowledge works is from its competitors. Some of its
Competitors are Integra, Jouve, and S4 Carlisle etc. Only those companies with similar
motives pose a threat for the company. The company also faces a slow growth because of it.
Rising raw material can pose a threat to the Newgen’s profitability. As the company is
operating in numerous countries it is exposed to currency fluctuations especially given the
volatile political climate in number of markets across the world. No regular supply of
innovative content, over the years the company has developed numerous books but those are
often response to the development by other competitors.

30
3.2 PESTLE ANALYSIS

Political factors:
Political environment of a company tells the Business Owners and Directors whether the
Government actions will affect their company or not. In the case of Newgen Knowledge
Works the government policies and decisions play a vital role as all their business
transactions and financial transactions are taken place through online.

Economic factors:
Economic environment of a company comes under one of the external factors that affect the
Business. Economic factors include the commercial and consumer behaviour of Newgen
Knowledge Works as these are the factors that influence the upbringing of the business.

Social factors:
Social environment refers to the social setting in which people live in or where something
happens around them. Social environment is easily understood as the culture that a business
or a company strives in. In Newgen Knowledge Works the company is adapted to a friendly
work culture where the employees work in a shift basis according to their convenience and is
even allowed to work at the comfort of their own homes in the “Work from Home” option.

Technological factors:
The Technological environment of Newgen talks about the state of science and technology

31
Available in the company and the technological progress of the company.

Environmental factors:
Newgen also does a lot of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) work to support the
environment as well as the people of the society.

Legal factors:
Legality of the company refers to the laws that govern the company. Some of the laws are the
Consumer Protection Law, Environmental Law. When it comes to Newgen Knowledge
Works all the process are legalised under the law of the Government.

3.3 BCG MATRIX

Question Mark Products:

Coming Home to Earth: Space, Line, Form (First Edition, 2015). This was one of Newgen
Knowledge Works first edition book. Books that do not come under the specialisation on the
Company becomes a Question mark product. Newgen Knowledge Works have a low market
share in high growth markets.

Star Products:

32
JAWS Evolve is Newgen's online publication management system for journals. My Own
Book (MOB) is Newgen's web-based author management portal, designed to support the
authors. The major star products of Newgen is they have various Digital books site like

 Reflowable eBooks
 Fixed layout eBooks
 Smart pdf
 eBooks to pbooks

Dog Products:
Newgen Knowledge Works have no dog products in them.

Cow Products:

Law books, Newgen specialises in the field of publishing legal books. Another of its cash
cow product is that Newgen knowledge works has its own online Application in google play
store and in the apple istore. ResearchPad is a cloud-powered web and mobile publishing
platform for scholarly journals, Created for publishers who are embracing the use of mobile
app as a platform.

3.4 PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL

33
Porter's Five Forces is a model that identifies and analyzes five competitive forces that shape
every industry and helps determine an industry's weaknesses and strengths.

Competition in the industry:

Arinos, scientific publishing services, scope e-knowledge, Amnet and some other small
companies in the e-publishing field
Potential of new entrants into the industry:
Since it is open market the new entry into this market is easy and it became threat to the
existing E-Publishing company
Power of suppliers:
Suppliers are the book writing authors who wish to publish their books not only in hard copy
but also in e-format to make convenient to the users.
Power of customers:
Customer will become threat when Newgen fail to satisfies there need better than its
competitive rivalry which gives the power to customers
Threat of substitute products:
Some of the competitor making the same product as like as Newgen they take over the
Newgen by satisfying the authors and publishers need.

34
 CHAPTER V

AREA OF WORK

EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION

Employee satisfaction is a state where individuals are not only happy with their current
profiles but also look forward towards a long term association with the organization. They
would never be satisfied with their jobs unless and until they have something interesting and
challenging to work on. It is crucial for the employees to be satisfied with their jobs, else
neither they would be able to deliver as per expectations nor feel comfortable at the work
place. Both management and employees have an important role to play in ensuring a positive
ambience at the workplace and eventually job satisfaction.  Employees who are not satisfied
with their jobs would find a problem in every small thing and be too rigid. They find it
extremely difficult to compromise or cope up with the changing times. On the other hand,
employees who are happy with their jobs willing participate in training programs and are
eager to learn new technologies, software’s which would eventually help them in their
professional career. Satisfied employees accept challenges with a big smile and deliver even
in the worst of circumstances. It is the responsibility of human resource department to ensure
that its workforce has a high level of job satisfaction. 

35
Why individuals lose job satisfaction?

 Backbiting co-workers
 Conflict with their supervisor
 Not being appropriately paid for what they do.
 Not having the necessary equipment or resources to succeed
 Lack of opportunities for promotion.
 Having little or no say in decisions that affect an individual.
 Fear of losing the job.
 Work that an individual find boring or overly routine

Employee Satisfaction Survey:

Contributing to your workplace gives an employee a sense of ownership and responsibility.

Similarly, employee surveys help employers measure and understand their employees'
attitude, feedback, motivation, and satisfaction. And you'll discover if the
company's objectives are clearly represented by managers.

36
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION SURVEY

PERSONAL DETAILS (optional)

1. Name:
2. Age:
o Below 25
o 25-35
o Above 35
3. Gender:
o Male
o Female
4. Marital Status:
o Single
o Married
5. Number of years in Newgen:
o 0- 1 year
o 2-5 years
o 6- 9 years
o Above 10

37
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION TEMPLATE:

6. Are you aware of the purpose and mission of your company?

o Yes
o No
7. Are you inspired by the purpose and mission of your company?
o Yes
o No
8. Do you feel there is a scope for personal growth?
o Yes
o No
9. Do you feel stressed at work?
o Yes
o No
10. Do you think you are paid fairly for the work you do?
o Yes
o No
11. Are you satisfied with the management culture in our company?
o Yes
o No
12. Do you think there is a work pressure in your company?
o Yes
o No
13. Do you get opportunity to express your other talents?
o Yes
o No
14. Do you get an adequate recognition for any achievements?
o Yes
o No
15. How well do your job responsibilities match your strengths?
o Extremely well

38
 o Very well
o Somewhat well
o Not so well
o Not at all well
16. How well would you say the employees in your department work as a team?
o Extremely well
o Very well
o Somewhat well
o Not so well
o Not at all well

17. How satisfied are you with your overall compensation?

o Extremely satisfied
o Very satisfied
o Somewhat satisfied
o Not so satisfied
o Not at all satisfied
18. On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your work life balance?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
High Medium Low

19. On a scale of 1 to 10, how likely are you to recommend your company as a good

Place to work?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
High Medium Low

20. How do you rate your supervisor/manager in guiding and supporting?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
High Medium Low

21. How fair is your employer’s sick day policy?

39
 o Very fair
o Fair
o Somewhat fair
o Not at all fair
22. Overall, how much do you enjoy working at Newgen knowledge works?
o Not at all
o A little
o A moderate amount
o A lot
o A great deal

Statements Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly

Disagre Agree
e
The company work
environment is safe
and comfortable
I’m satisfied with
the investment
organisation makes
in training and
education
The company
encourages and
supports a
healthy work life
balance

I receive adequate
opportunity to
interact with other
employees on a

40
 formal level
I feel welcome at
company events,
meetings and social
interactions

CHAPTER VI

SKILLS GAINED

I realized that there are many students who just don’t value internships but factually
internships are the best the way to obtain valuable experience that assists you all over career.

 Through this internship, I learned how publishing sectors functions and works.
 I learned how to create surveys.
 As I’m going to take Human Resources (HR) as my specialization, I learned what the
roles hr plays in a firm.
 I learned to prioritize responsibilities and recognize when it’s appropriate to multitask
or focus on one particular project at a time.
 I learned the different marketing strategies that they may use to market their product.
 I learned to manage time, teamwork, adaptability and so on.
 I was able to work with the marketing and promotions team to ensure that every

aspect of the game ran smoothly.

 Working closely with the HR manager, I also worked on and created survey for
during my time there.

41
 CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION

Chennai-based digital publishing firm Newgen Knowledge Works has raised $32.8 million

from the Carlyle Group in return for 54.85% stake in the company. Carlyle mentions that it
has acquired the stake owned by Franklin Templeton Private Equity Strategy, Aureous South
Asia Fund and ePlanet Capital in the company.

Note that Carlyle had earlier exited from Newgen by selling its majority stake to these three
investors in July 2011. It’s not clear whether Carlyle has picked up the same stake it had
previously sold to these investors, although an Economic Times report suggests it has picked
up the same stake. Carlyle had previously picked up undisclosed majority stake in Newgen’s
holding company Outfield Knowledge Works for $9.4 million in 2004.

The report also cites a source who says Carlyle has committed to invest a further Rs 200
crore over the next few years to increase its stake to 75%. It says, Newgen had posted a net
profit of Rs 34 crore and revenues worth Rs 120 crore for the fiscal year ended March 2014.

Newgen provides end-to-end publishing services for books and journals which. Their services
include content sourcing, content creation, project management, author liaison, development
editing, copyediting, design, artwork, ebook delivery, EPUB conversion, mobile app creation

42
and distribution and discovery solutions for content through its offices in India, UK and the
US. Its clientele list includes Cambridge University Press, Harvard Business, McGraw Hill
and MIT Press. The company has 900 employees and in its offices in Bangalore and Chennai.

CHAPTER VIII
WEBILIOGRAPHY

 https://www.newgen.co/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing_industry
 https://www.wikipedia.org/
 https://www.investopedia.com/
 https://www.slideshare.net/
 https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/newgen-knowledgeworks-buys-
majority-stake-in-exult-infosolutions/article9132099.ece

43
44